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Instatasi farmasi merupakan salah satu bagian dari rumah sakit yang menyediakan produk dan jasa dalam bentuk pelayanan resep. Bagi pasien, kualitas pelayanan resep farmasi yang baik umumnya terkait dengan waktu pelayanan. Waktu pelayanan resep diperkirakan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lama kerja, beban kerja. pengetahuan dan ketrampilan., shift kerja jumlah resep, jumlah item resep, jenis resep, jenis pembayaran dan kesesuaian resep dengan formularium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada waktu pelayanan resep instalasi fannasi RS Hermina Depok tahun 2010. Penelitian ini dilakukan di instalasi farmasi RS Hemina Depok pada bulan Desember 2010. Desain penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan pengamatan, telaah dokumen dan wawancara mendalam dengan para informan yang terkait yaitu pimpinan RS dan para staf instalasi farmasi. Hasil penelitian rnemperlihatkan bahwa faktor faktor yang berpengaruh pda waktu pelayanan resep instalasi farmasi adalah lama kerja, bcban kcrja, pcngctahuan dan ketrampilan, shift kerja, jumlah resep, jenis resep dan kcsesuaian resep dengan formulariurn, sedangkan faktor yang tidak berhubungan dengan waktu pelayanan resep adlah jumlah item resep dan jenis pembayaran. Faktor-faktor dominan adalah beban kerja, jumlah resep dan kesesuaian resep dengan formularium. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan manajemen Rumah Sakit melakukan analisa beban kerja petugas farmasi, mengevaluasi ulang jadwal praktek Dokter di poliklinik, menganalisa faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan obat serta mengkaji ulang definisi dan standar waktu pelayanan resep instalasi farmasi. Hal ini diharapkan menjadi besar bagi proses perbaikan dalam meningkatkan mutu layanan kefarmasian terutama waktu pelayanan resep.
Pharmacy is one part of the hospital that provides products and services in the form of prescription services. For patients, quality of good phannacy prescription services generally associated with service time. Prescription service time is expected to be influenced by factors of length of work. workload, knowledge and skill, work shift, number of prescriptions, number of prescription items, type of prescription, type of payment and compliance with the formulary prescriptions. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the service time pharmacy prescription Hermina Depok Hospital on the year 20 l 0. This research was conducted in the pharmacy Hermina Depok Hospital in December 2010. Research design is a qualitative with observation, document review and in-depth interviews with informants related to the leadership of the hospital and phannacy staff. The results showed that the factors that affect pharmacy prescription service time are the length of work, workload, knowledge and skills, work shift, number of prescriptions, type of prescription and prescription compliance with formulary, while factors not related to the prescription service time are number of items presciption and type of payment. Dominant factors are workload, the number of prescriptions and prescription compliance with the formulary. Based on these result, hospital management is expected to analyze the workload of pharmacist, to re-evaluate the practice of doctors in the clinic schedule, analyze factors affecting the availability of drugs and review the definition and standards of pharmacy prescription service time. This is expected to be the basis for process improvement in enhancing the quality of pharmacy services, especially prescription service time.
Kata Kunci: JKN, waktu tunggu, pelayanan resep, farmasi rumah sakit
Standar waktu pelayanan resep racik diRumah Sakit Hermina Bekasi belum tercapai. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui lama waktu pelayanan resep racik pasien anak rawat jalan serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.Desain penelitian cross sectional; pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif, Sampel resep racik pasien anak rawat jalan sebanyak 120 resep diambil secara random.Hasil penelitian didapatkan rerata waktu pelayanan resep racik 27 menit 30 detik, dengan rincian rerata waktu pelayanan atau komponen proses 7 menit 20 detik (26,69%) dan komponen delay 73,31% atau rerata waktu pelayanan 20 menit 10 detik. Terbatasnya personil, kemampuan tidak merata serta sarana merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap lamanya waktu pelayanan resep racik.Saran : evaluasi standar pelayanan resep dan penghitungan ketenagaan serta peningkatan pendidikan dan sarana prasarana.
Standard time of dispensing of compounding prescription at Hermina Bekasi Hospital has not yet been achieved. This research is to find out a total time used in dispensing of a compounding prescription child-outpatient and the attributed factors.The research design involved a cross sectional with qualitative and quantitative approaches, a sample size of 120 compounding prescription of child-outpatient taken as random.The research has shown that the dispensing activity time averaged 27 minutes 30 seconds. The component of the process is 26,69% (the average of process time is 7 minutes 20 seconds). And the 73,31% of total dispensing time was due to delay components (the average of delay time is 20 minutes 10 seconds). The lack of personnel, capability of uneven and also the facility are some of factors attributed the delay components.Suggestions: evaluation of service standard prescription and calculating workload as well as improved education and infrastructure.
The length of waiting time is one of the indicators for a hospital in maintaining the quality of its services, waiting too long will give rise to negative assessments from customers regarding the product and quality of service. Outpatient outpatient visits of BPJS Kesehatan at Grha Permata Ibu Depok Hospital since 2017-2018 averaged about 450-600 visits/day, this is in line with the number of prescriptions that must be served in outpatient pharmacy installations. The schedule of doctors at the same time and human resources are less the reason has not been achieved the minimum time standard of prescription services set permenkes that is ≤60 minutes for concoction drugs and ≤30 minutes for non-concoction drugs. The purpose of this study is to know the waiting time of outpatient prescription services bpjs health patients in current state and future state after the application of lean kaizen in the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation Of Grha Permata Hospital. This research method is operational research with qualitative and quantitative approach with primary data source taken through direct observation with time motion study technique and in-depth interview. The results of this study found 3 types of waste, namely 53.3% waste waiting, 40% waste overprocessing, 6.7% waste motion, after the implementation of lean kaizen with PDCA approach using 2 scenarios, there was a decrease in lead time from 135.31 minutes to 9.11 minutes in scenario-1 and 7.49 minutes in scenario-2. With TNVAT decreasing from 128.62 minutes to 5.65 minutes on scenario-1 and 3.75 minutes on scenario-2 on non-blend recipes and there was a decrease in Lead time from 185.17 minutes to 31.09 minutes on scenario-1 and 29.15 minutes on scenario-2. With TNVAT decreasing from 160.79 minutes to 5.02 minutes on scenario-1 and 3.49 minutes on scenario-2 on the concoction. The conclusion of this study is that the PDCA approach on lean kaizen is precisely done in conditions where the most waste is related to human behavior, The results of this study are not yet maximal because there is still waste motion that has not been intervened and potentially make officers produce waste waiting and overprocessing, so the advice of researchers is to be able to make priority changes lay out pharmaceuticals because it is the root of the problem that can cause a lot of waste, need to be carried out continuous supervision and encourage IT hospitals to develop pharmaceutical services based on IT
Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa rata-rata total waktu pelayanan resep racikan di Instalasi Farmasi rawat jalan RSIA Hermina Bekasi tahun 2003 adalah sebesar 24,14 menit. Dan terlihat perbedaan yang bermakna pada lama waktu pelayanan resep antara jenis racikan bungkus, kapsul, cairan dan salep. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan manajemen rumah sakit mengadakan pemberdayaan karyawan pada tahapan yang dianggap penting, mengadakan pengembangan perluasan ruangan instalasi farrnasi rawat jalan, diadakan pemisahan loket penyerahan resep antara poliklinik ibu dan poliklinik anak, agar tidak terjadi penumpukan resep di bagian penerimaan resep. Juga diharapkan adanya pelatihan petugas khususnya pada tahap pengemasan jenis kapsul dan penggunaan alat pengisi kapsul. Hal ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan pedoman bagi proses perbaikan dalam meningkatkan mutu layanan kefarmasian. Daftar Pustaka 36 (1980 - 2002)
Abstrak
Farmasi merupakan salah satu dari pelayanan penunjang medis terapeutik yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari pelayanan rumah sakit secara menyeluruh. Dan unit Farmasi memegang peranan yang sangat penting terhadap pengeluaran dan pendapatan rumah sakit.Pelayanan Unit Farmasi RS Asri (RSA) terhadap resep yang dikeluarkan oleh unit Rawat Jalan di RSA belum optimal, dilihat dari jumlah resep keluar (tidak ditebus di unit Farmasi RSA) sebesar 16%.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku menebus resep pada pelayanan resep rawat jalan RSA. Diketahuinya hubungan antara faktor predisposisi, faktor pendukung dan faktor pendorong dengan perilaku menebus resep di Farmasi RSA.Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dengan survey cross sectional. Analisis statistik dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat.
Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan faktor predisposisi pasien umum di unit rawat jalan RSA adalah mayoritas berumur antara 25 - 45 thn, mayoritas perempuan, berpendidikan tinggi, mayoritas pegawai swasta untuk yang menebus resep dan tidak bekerja untuk yang tidak menebus resep, mempunyai persepsi terhadap harga obat di Farmasi RSA sedang dan menyatakan ketersediaan obat mayoritas lengkap.
Berdasarkan faktor pendukung adalah sebagian besar responden mempunyai penghasilan tinggi yaitu >10 juta dan mempunyai waktu tempuh ke RSA > 30 menit. Berdasarkan faktor pendorong adalah sebagian besar responden menyatakan pelayanan petugas Farmasi RSA cepat, ramah, jelas dalam memberikan informasi, area Farmasi bersih, dan cukup nyaman untuk ruang tunggu Farmasi baik berdasarkan suhu dan kebisingan maupun tata letaknya. Sedangkan hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara persepsi terhadap ketersediaan obat dengan perilaku menebus resep di Farmasi RSA.
Saran yang di ajukan kepada manajemen RSA adalah dilakukan evaluasi dan peninjauan kembali terhadap ketersediaan obat. Metode yang dapat dilakukan antara lain adalah analisa ABC dan evaluasi terhadap kepatuhan pelaksanaan Formularium RSA. Dibuat alur pelayanan resep rawat jalan yang mengarahkan pasien ke Farmasi setelah keluar dari poliklinik. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah kesediaan dokter dan petugas poliklinik memberikan informasi tentang Farmasi dan menyarankan untuk menebus resepnya di RSA.Dibuat sistem informasi yang dapat mencegah penebusan resep obat di luar rumah sakit seperti Paperless Information System dan pembenahan sistem informasi yang terkait dengan logistik Farmasi. Dibuat layanan pengantaran obat ke rumah pasien.
Pharmacy is one of the medical therapeutic support services that can not be separated from overall hospital services. And Pharmaceutical unit plays a very important towards hospita expenses and income. Asri Hospital (RSA) Pharmacy Unit Services to the prescription issued by the Outpatient unit in RSA is not optimal, judging from the number of prescriptions out (not redeemed in unit of Asri Hospital Pharmacy) by 16%.
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence prescription behavior at RSA outpatient prescripti on services. Knowing the relationship between predisposing factors, supporting factors and the factors driving the prescription behavior in the RSA Pharmacy. This study is analytic with quantitative approach. Collecting data with cross sectional survey. Statistical analysis was done in univariate and bivariate.
Results Univariate analys is showed patients with predisposing factors common in the outpatient unit of RSA is the majority aged between 25-45 years, the majority of women, highly educated, the majority of private employees who fill a prescription for and does not work for that does not fill a prescription, have perceptions of drug prices in Pharmacy RSA is intermediate and the majority expressa complete drug availability.
Based on the supporting factoris that most respondent shave a high income that is > 10 million and has a travel time to the RSA > 30 minutes. Based on the factors driving the majority of respondents stated RSA Pharmacy services officer fast, friendly, clear in providing information, Pharmacy area clean, and comfortable enough for both of Pharmacy waiting room based on temperature and noise as well as its layout. While the results of bivariate analysis shows that there is a relationship between perceptions of the availability of drugs to the prescription behavior in Asri Hospital Pharmacy.
Ask advice of the Asri hospital management is evaluated and a review of drug availability. The method can be performed include ABC analysis and evaluation of the implementation of RSA formulary compliance. Created flow out patient prescription service that directs patients to the pharmacy after the exit of the polyclinic. One way that can be done is the willingness of doctors and clinic staff provide information about the Pharmacy and suggested to make up the prescription at the RSA. Created an information system that can prevent the redemption of prescription drugs outside hospitals such as Paperless Information System and the improvement of information systems related to thelogistics of Pharmacy. Created drug delivery service to the patient's home.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 tahun 2000 rumah sakit milik pemerintah diarahkan untuk dikelola sebagai perusahaan jawatan. Dengan menyadari pentingnya menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan yang terjadi, maka manajemen RSJP dituntut untuk berfikir proaktif mengembangkan diri menjadi rumah sakit PERJAN yang mandiri.Untuk itu pada tahun 2001 sesuai kebutuhan pasar dengan banyaknya korban penyalahgunaan NAPZA, RSJP membuka unit baru dengan nama Instalasi Pemulihan NAPZA RSMM bukan RSJP.Pada perkembangannya Instalasi Pemulihan NAPZA RSMM, ternyata mampu memberikan kontribusi (32%) dari keseluruhan pendapatan rumah sakit, dengan BOR lebih besar dari 75%, bahkan paling besar diantara rumah sakit jiwa yang membuka pelayanan NAPZA. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan, apakah pengaruh pergantian nama mempunyai daya ungkit yang tinggi terhadap tingginya BOR di Instalasi NAPZA ataukah karena faktor lain yang belum diketahui.Dengan latar belakang tersebut penelitian ekuitas merek dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor dari elemen ekuitas merek yang berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan Instalasi Pemulihan NAPZA. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode survey dengan rancangan cross sectional sedangkan analisisnya dilakukan dengan uji univariat dan uji bivariat menggunakan chi kuadrat.Dari penelitian ini diketahui, bahwa :1.Karakteristik pelanggan adalah kebanyakan ibu dari pasien, berumur antara 46-55 tahun, bertempat tinggal di Jakarta, dengan tingkat pendidikan lulusan akademi dan SLTA, dari kelompok berpenghasilan keluarga di bawah 10 juta rupiah per bulan, yang memperoleh informasi awal dari kerabat dekat.2.Faktor-faktor dari elemen ekuitas merek yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan Instalasi NAPZA RS MM adalah sebagai berikut :a.Pelanggan telah mengenal nama Instalasi NAPZA RSMM tanpa perlu bantuan pengingatan,b.Mempunyai asosiasi terhadap kesan pelayanan berbasis rumah sakit, kesan teknologi pemulihannya memadai, berkesan kekeluargaan, berkesan nyaman, berkesan aman, berkesan dapat dipercaya, kesan murah, kesan sarana dan sarana memadai.c.Mempunyai persepsi kualitas terhadap tenaga kerjanya mengesankan professional, pelayanannya berkualitas, kesan mempunyai pelayanan yang terstandar, programnya dapat dipertanggung-jawabkan, petugasnya memiliki empati yang tinggi.d. Pelanggan mempunyai loyalitas bila mendapat kepuasan selama keluarganya dirawat, akan bersedia merekomendasikan kepada kerabat yang memerlukan pelayanan sejenis, dan mempunyai keinginan untuk dirawat disini lagi bilamana keluarganya kambuh kembali.3.Hubungan antara karakteristik pelanggan dengan faktor-faktor elemen ekuitas merek Instalasi NAPZA RS MM, yaitu untuk :a. Perbedaan jenis kelamin ada hubungan dengan faktor sarana dan prasarana memadaib.Perbedaan Ikatan keluarga ada hubungan dengan faktor program pemulihannya yang dapat dipertanggung-jawabkanc.Perbedaan tingkat pendidikan ada hubungan dengan faktor program pemulihannya dapat dipertanggung-jawabkand.Perbedaan karakteristik pelanggan yang lainnya tidak ada hubungan dengan faktor-faktor elemen ekuitas merek.Saran agar secepatnya ditegaskan perubahan nama RSJP menjadi RSMM, pertahankan faktor-faktor elemen ekuitas merek yang sudah tinggi, serta tingkatkan faktor-faktor yang dalam persepsi pelanggan masih rendah.
The Factors of Brand Equity Element that Influence to the Utilization of Drugs Abuses Unit of the Hospital of Marzoeki Mahdi, Bogor 2002Based on Government Regulation No. 6/2000, a state owned hospital directed to be managed as a State Initiative Enterprise (Perusahaan Jawatan). Aware to importance of adapting the change, the Management of RSJP is demanded to think pro-actively to develop its hospital to be a self-reliance state initiative enterprise's hospital.Therefore by the year 2001 in line with the marked need due to large number of the victim of drug abuses, RSJP open a new unit called Installation for Rehabilitation of Drugs User RSMM, no longer using RSJP.In its progress shows that the Installation for Rehabilitation of Drugs User RSMM is able to contribute about 32% of total revenue of hospital, BOR more than 75%, and even the biggest among hospitals that are provide rehabilitation of service drugs user. This achievement raises question, whether the change of name of hospital from RSJF to RSMM has a high leverage to higher BOR or due to other reason that is not identified yet.Based on above-mentioned background, the research on brand equity has done to identify factors and elements of brand equity that are influence to the utilization of Installation for Rehabilitation of Drugs User. This method research is cross sectional survey while its analysis uses tests of univariate and bivariate with chi-square. This study has successful to identify the following:1. The characteristic of customer show that most of them are mother of its patient, aged group about 46-55 years old, live in Jakarta, education background at the level of academic and high school, house hold income about less than 10 millions rupiah per month, which are got first information from closer relatives.2. Factors and elements of brand equity that are providing most influence to the utilization of Installation for Rehabilitation of Drugs User of RSMM are as follow:a.Customer recognition to Installation for Rehabilitation of Drugs User of RSMMwithout any reminding assistance.b.Has associated to the impression of hospital based service, impression to adequate technology for rehabilitation, impression hospitality of care, impression of comfortable services, impression of reliable services, impression to secure service, impression to cheaper service, impression adequate of infrastructure and facility.c.Has perceived to the quality of professional staffs, qualified service, standardized service, accountably program, and high emphatic of officials.d.Customer has a loyalty if they are satisfy to the service, ready to recommend the service to their close relatives who are in need of the service, has willingness to be hospitalized in this hospital if their family needed.3. The relationship between characteristic of customer and factors of elements of brand equity at the Installation for Rehabilitation of Drugs User of RSMM are as follow:a. The difference in sex has relationship with adequacy of infrastructure and facility.b. The difference in family ties has relationship with factor of accountably program of rehabilitation.c. The difference in level of education has relationship with accountably program of rehabilitation.d. The difference in other characteristics of customer has no relationship to the factors of brand equity.The research is suggesting to the hospital to immediately make a formal change of its name from RSJP to RSMM, to remain factors of brand equity, which are already in high level, and to improve the factors of brand equity in terms of customer perception.
