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Dari tahun 2005 sampai dengan tahun 2006 telah terjadi Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) difteri di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya pada kelompok umur 1 ? 15 tahun sebanyak 55 anak (15 kasus meninggal, AR = 0,45% dan CFR = 31,91%). Pada Januari 2007 juga telah terjadi KLB difteri di Kabupaten Garut pada kelompok umur kasus 2 ? 14 tahun sebanyak 17 anak (2 kasus meningal, CFR = 11,76%, AR = 1,5%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian difteri pada Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) difteri tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Kasus berasal dari 15 desa lokasi KLB difteri sebanyak 72 anak dan kontrol berasal dari 1 desa terpilih secara random yang bukan dari kecamatan lokasi KLB difteri sebanyak 72 anak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dengan ibu anak pada kelompok kasus maupun kelompok kontrol menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data lingkungan rumah, sumber penularan, status imunisasi dan pengetahuan ibu. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian difteri adalah kepadatan hunian ruang tidur, kelembaban dalam rumah, jenis lantai rumah, sumber penularan, status imunisasi dan pengetahuan ibu. Disimpulkan bahwa lingkungan rumah, pengetahuan ibu dan sumber penularan bukanlah faktor utama yang mempengaruhi terjadinya difteri, sedangkan yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi kejadian difteri adalah status imunisasi, yaitu risiko terjadinya difteri pada anak dengan status imunisasi DPT/DT yang tidak lengkap 46,403 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan anak dengan status imunisasi yang lengkap. Untuk itu cakupan program imunisasi hendaknya makin ditingkatkan sehingga semua anak terlindungi oleh imunisasi difteri.
Since 2005 up to 2006 diphtheria out break had occur in Tasimalaya District among 1 ? 15 year old children. Total cases are 55 children with cases died with the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 31.91%. Further on, January 2007 the same out break occur in Garut District, with 17 cases and 2 cases died (CFR 11.76%). Research objective is to identify the correlation of housing environmental condition with the diphtheria out break. Design study was case control study. The amount of 72 cases had taken from the 15 villages on the out break areas and the same amount (72) non cases taken from the village out of the out break areas. Data were collected through interviewed with structure questioner with the mother as the respondent. Data collected were housing environment, the source of infection, immunization status, and mother knowledge concerning the diphtheria. Research conclude that factors involved in diphtheria out break are housing member room density, housing humidity, quality of the floor, the source of the infection, immunization status of the children, and mother knowledge about the disease. The importance factors for the diphtheria out break are immunization status, with the OR of 46.403 greater of non immunization children compare with those had immunization. Therefore immunization program should be further intensified in order to give fully diphtheria protection for the hole children population in those areas.
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The main vectors that transmit the dengue virus are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The city with the highest number of dengue cases in Indonesia in 2021 is Depok City with 3,155 cases with an Incidence Rate (IR) of 151.2 cases per 100,000 population. During the last 10 years from 2012-2020, the trend of dengue cases in Depok City tends to increase. Objective: To determine the relationship between climatic factors and population density with the incidence of DHF in Depok City in 2012-2021. Methods: This study uses an ecological study with correlation analysis to see the relationship between climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) in the same month (non-time lag), climatic factors with a 1-month lag (time lag 1), and density population with DHF Incidence Rate. Results: The correlation analysis results showed a significant relationship between non-time lag humidity and time lag 1 humidity with DHF Incidence Rate (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000) with the strength of the relationship being positive (r = 0.332 and r-0.451). The results of the multiple linear regression test produce a predictive model with the equation IR DBD = -47.353 + 0.784 (Temperature) + 0.394 (Relative Humidity) + 0.023 (Rainfall). Based on the results of the regression equation, if it is simulated with a combination of the temperature of 26,1oC, humidity of 82.9%, and rainfall of 14.9 mm, there will be an increase in IR of DHF by 10 cases per 100,000 population.
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In Sukamaju Baru Village, ARI cases among children under five have shown an increasing trend in recent years, peaking in 2022 with 5,135 cases. This study aims to identify the most influential factors associated with ARI incidence among children under five in Sukamaju Baru Village in 2024. This research employs a case-control study design with a total sample of 140, consisting of 70 cases and 70 controls. The case group comprises children under five diagnosed with ARI by healthcare workers at the Sukamaju Baru Public Health Center, while the control group includes children under five who were not diagnosed with ARI and resided in the same neighborhood unit (RW) as the case group. Data analysis includes bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and multivariate analysis using a multiple logistic regression model based on determinant factors. The results of this study indicate that out of 15 variables examined, 8 were found to be significantly associated with ARI incidence among children under five. These variables include immunization status (OR = 2.20), maternal knowledge (OR = 2.39), waste-burning habits (OR = 0.35), wall type (OR = 2.36), bedroom ventilation area (OR = 2.71), household density (OR = 2.48), humidity (OR = 3.27), and natural lighting (OR = 2.14). Among these, the bedroom ventilation area was identified as the most dominant factor influencing ARI incidence. This study highlights that most ARI risk factors for children under five in Sukamaju Baru Village are related to the physical environment of the home. Therefore, further efforts are needed to improve the prevalence of healthy homes in the area, with a primary focus on increasing ventilation area.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia shows a fluctuating pattern and tends to increase every three years. Depok City ranked second in terms of the highest number of DHF cases in West Java. Environmental factors such as climate, vector density, and population density were suspected to play a role in the spread of this disease. This study aimed to spatially identify the association between environmental factors (temperature, rainfall, humidity, House Index [HI], Larvae Free Index [ABJ], and population density) and DHF incidence in each sub-district of Depok City from 2022 to 2024. This study employed an ecological design with a spatial approach. Secondary data were obtained from the Depok City Health Office, the Depok City Statistics Agency, and NASA. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS and GeoDa to calculate spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I and LISA). The mapping results showed a significant increase in DHF cases in 2024. LISA analysis indicated spatial clustering among climate factors, vector indices, population density, and DHF incidence in several sub-districts. It was concluded that there were specific areas that should be prioritized for disease control interventions.
