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Kata kunci: penimbangan, balita, perkotaan, perdesaan
Prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia that was quite fluctuant, 18,4% in 2007 decreased to 17,9% (2010) and become inflated again to 19,6% in 2013. Also, stunting still a serious problem for under-five childern. Hence, monthly weighing is important as one of the monitoring growth and nutritional status for under-five childern. This research aims to understand determinant factors that associated with under-five children weighing behavior aged 6-59 month according to Urban and Rural areas in Indonesia in 2013. This research was quantitative with cross sectional design and chi-square analyzed. Population study was under-five children aged 6-59 month in Indonesia that was Riskesdas sample and sample study was under-five children aged 6-59 month in Indonesia that have been interviewed by Riskesdas 2013 and have comprehensive variable study. Result obtain significant association between predisposing factors (work status of mother, mother education, father education, mother age, under-five children age, relationship between under-five children and patriarch, gender of under-five children, under-five children size in family, and economic status) and enabling factors (type of living area, Maternal and Child Health handbook ownership, Road to Health Chart ownership) with wheighing behavior, even in Urban and Rural area. Except for work status of mother in Urban area show insignificant association according to statistic, pvalue=0,120. Conducting health education and health promotion are necessary for community to understand the importance of under-five children monthly weighing.
Key words: weighing, under-five childern, urban, rural
Kata kunci: Pneumonia, Baduta, Indonesia, Riskesdas 2013
According to Riskesdas 2013 and 2018, the highest prevalence of pneumonia in childrenunder five are the children aged 12-23 months. This study aims to identify the prevalenceand factors associated with pneumonia among children aged 12-23 months in Jawa Island.The study design used for this study is cross sectional with total sample of 2.695 children.Bivariate analysis is performed to identify factors associated with pneumonia. The resultsshow the prevalence of pneumonia among children aged 12-23 months is 5,5%. Measlesimmunization is significantly associated with pneumonia (POR= 1,743; 95% CI= 1,077-2,822). This study supports the importance of measles vaccination to prevent pneumonia.Intervention that can be implemented by the government is increasing measlesimmunization coverage through measles vaccination campaigns.Key words:Children Aged 12-23 Months, Pneumonia, Jawa Island.
Masalah Kurang Energi Protein masih merupaknn masalah gizi utama di Indonesia dan dapat ditemui pada sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia termasuk DKI Jakarta. Wilayah Jakarta Timur akan menjadi salah satu wilayah kczja World Vision Intemational dalam proram yang discbut FAST UP .(Food Aid Supporting Transformation in Urban Populations). Tujuan dari program ini adalah untuk meningkatkan status gizi dan kesehatan ibu dan balita di wilayah tersebut dengan berbagai intervcnsi seperti memperbaiki status gizi balita KHP (Kurang Encrgi Protein), meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang gizi dan kesehatan, memperkuat pelayanan kcschatan setempat dan memperbaiki fasilitas air dan sanitasi. Penelitian ini adalah bagian dari survey yang dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2005 di Jakarta Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian KEP pada balita umur 6-59 bulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 5 kecamatan di Jakarta Timur yaim kecamaan Jatinegara, Kramat Jati, Duren Sawit, Pulo Gadung dan Matraman. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dimana varlabel dependen adalah status gizi (KEP) balita, sedangkan umur, jenis keiamin, penyakit infeksi, status vitamin A, status imunisasi, jumlah jenis makanan, tingkat pendidikan ibu, tingkat pengeluaran keluarga menjadi variabel independen Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah balita usia 6-59 bulan yang tinggal di 5 kecamatan di Jakarta Timur. Pengambiian sampel dilakukan dengan metode klastcr 2 tahap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi balita KEP bcrdasarkan berat badan menurut umur adalah 26,69%. Dari basil analisis bivariat faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi (KEP) balita adalah umur balita, tingkat pendidikan ibu dan tingkat pengeluafan rumahtangga. Dari hasil analisis multivariat dengan regrcsi llogistik, faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian KEP adalah umur balita dan tingkat pengeluaran keluarga. Untuk pengeluaran rumah tangga, keluarga dengan tingkat pengeluaran dibawah Rp 700.000 /bulan memiliki peluang terbesar untuk memiliki anak KEP dengan nilai OR=2,50 (95% CI: 1,30-4,80). Sedangkan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KEP adalah umur balita, khususnya balita umur 12-23 bulan dimana balita umur 12-23 bulan berpeluang untuk mengalami KEP sebesar 3,33 kali dibanding balita umur 6-ll bulan. Nilai OR -= 3,33 (95% Cl: 1,68-6,62). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah proporsi KE? balita di Jakarta Timur terrnasuk tinggi dan faktor-falctor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KEP adalah umur balita dan tingkat pengeluaran rumahtangga. Faktor umur balita, klfnususnya umur 12-23 bulan adalah yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KEP. Untuk itu disarankan agar pelaksanaan program intervensi gizi dan kesehatan difokuskan pada kelompok yang paling rentan dengan peningkatan kerjasama dan koordinasi dengan instansi kesehatan setempat, pengembangan program pcrbailcan gizi yang dapat menjangkau sebanyak mungkin balita, pengembangan program prornosi kesehatan sebagai upaya pencegahan, penyalumn bantuan untuk keluarga yang memiliki_ anak KEP, peningkatan keterampilan dan program padat karya.
Malnutrition is still a major problem in Indonesia and can be found in most area in Indonesia including DKI Jakarta. World Vision lntemational (WVI) conduct a program called FAST UP (Food Aid Supporting Transformation in Urban Populations) and East Jakarta will be included in its scope of work. The objective of the program is to increase the nutritional status and the health of mother and under five children in the region, by doing some intervention such as improving nutrition status of under Eve children, improving community knowledge about nutrition and health, strengthening local health services and improving water and sanitation facility. This research is part of the survey that has been conducted on September 2005. The objective of the research is to identify factors related to protein energy malnutrition of under five children. This research is conducted in 5 sub districts in East Jakarta: Jatinegara, Duren Sawit, Kramat Jati, Pulo Gadung and Matraman. The method used in this research is-a cross sectional, with nutrition status as dependent variable; while age, sex, infection disease, vitamin A status, immunization status, number of food consumption, mother educational level, family expenses rate as independent variable. The subject of this research is children age 6-59 months living in 5 sub districts in East Jakarta. This research use 2 stage cluster sampling method. The result shows that the proportion of malnourished children is 26,69%. Bivariate analysis shows that factors related to nutritional status of under tive children are childrens age, mother educational level and family expsnses rate. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression shows that factors related to malnutrition are children?s age and family expenses rate. The most significant factor is children`s age, especially between 12-23 months old, which has the probability of 3.33 times to have malnutrition compared to infants age 6-11 months, OR value = 3.33 (95% CI: 1,68 - 6,62). As for the family expenses rate, children from family with the expenses below Rp.700.000/month has the biggest chance to have malnutrition, OR value = 2,50 (95% Cl: l,30-4,80). In conclusion, the proportion of malnutrition in underiive children in East Jakarta is high, with ehildren`s age and family expenses rate as the significant factors. Children aged 12-23 month is the most dominant factor related to malnutrition. lt is recommended that the intervention program on nutrition and health is focused on the most vulnerable groups by intensifying coordination and cooperation wjith local health providers, enhancing nutrition improvement program that involve almost malnutrition children, enhancing health promotion program as prevention from malnutrition, supporting family with malnutrition children, skill improvement and mass-vocation program.