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Kata kunci : Kematian Neonatal, Jarak Kelahiran, SDKI 2012
Infant Mortality Rate is one of development indicator from a nation. Neonatal mortality (0-28 days) accounts for more than half (59.4%) of infant mortality. Based on the 2012 IDHS data the neonatal mortality rate decreased by 41%, from 32/1000 live births in 1991 to 19/1000 live births in 2007. But in the last two periods, there are stagnant condition of neonatal mortality rate, which is 19/1000 live births in 2007 and 2012. One of the factors that can increase neonatal mortality is birth spacing. This study aims to know the relationship between birth spacing and the incidence of neonatal death. This research is an analysis of data of Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI) 2012. The research design is using case control study with the number of sample are 102 cases and 306 controls. Cases are infants who have neonatal death and the last child in a single labor. And control is a baby that lives past the age of 28 days. Multivariate analysis is using logistic regression showed that there was a significant difference of risk for neonatal mortality between mothers with birth spacing 78 months compared with 28-77 month of birth spacing. Mothers with birth spacing 78 months, mothers with birth spacing > 78 months had a risk of neonatal deaths of 1.95 times (95% CI: 1,126-3,368) compared with 28-77 months of birth spacing.
Keywords: Birth spacing, antenatal death, case control study, IDHS 2012
Infant mortality is defined as death that occurring in the first year of life. Infant mortality rate in Indonesia and Cambodia itself is still above the Southeast Asian IMR, while in Philippines is similar to the Southeast Asian IMR. Birth interval is one factor that plays an important role in infant mortality especially <24 months. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of birth interval on infant mortality in Indonesia, Philippines and Cambodia. This study used data from Demographic Health Survey (DHS) in Indonesia (2012), Philippine (2013) and Cambodia (2014). The study design is cross sectional and sample in each country is 10.162, 4.741 and 4.330 infants. After controlled by confounding variables, birth interval <18 months had the greatest risk of infant mortality in Indonesia (OR = 2.43: 95% CI 1.26 - 4.70), Cambodia (OR = 4.39: 95% CI 1,76 - 10,94) compared to 18 - 23 months, 24 - 35 months and ≥ 36 months. While in Philippines 18 - 23 month birth interval is the greatest risk of infant mortality compared to birth interval <18 months and ≥ 24 months (OR = 2.59: 95% CI 1.13 - 5.95). The ideal birth interval to reduce the risk of infant mortality is ≥ 24 months. Keywords: infant mortality, birth interval.
Coverage of modern contraceptive use in Indonesia increased from year to year.However, the scope of the use of long acting contraceptive system (LACS) is still farfrom the expected target. Based on previous study found that high-risk groups arelikely to use modern contraception. This study aimed to analyze the effect of high-riskbirths with the use of modern contraceptives, especially long acting contraceptivesystem (LACS) and determine other factors that have a value of interventions towardshigh-risk births variable relationship with the use of modern contraceptives. This studyused cross sectional design with IDHS 2007 and 2012. The sample in this study werewomen of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had delivered a maximum of 5 yearsprior to the survey. The results showed that the prevalence of high risk of 30.45%,10.96% double high risk and 19,49 single high risk. The prevalence of moderncontraceptive use by 68% and the most widely used injection method. While theprevalence of the use of LACS was 8.73% and the most widely used method of IUD.A history of high-risk births do not increase the probability of modern contraceptiveuse overall [PR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.817 - 0.861]. There are considerable opportunities touse the LACS for those who have a history of high-risk multiple births either in thewhole population [PR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.65 - 2.13] and in a population of moderncontraceptive users [PR: 1,46; 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.64]. Population using moderncontraceptives, the biggest opportunity to use the LACS when high-risk mothers doANC at clinic midwife and deliver at the maternity hospital (RB) level health centers.Therefore, it is advisable to increase the education, promotion and counselingespecially to women of reproductive age who already have a history of delivering witha high risk in order to prevent the risk births.Keywords: Women of Reproductive Age, High-risk births, modern contraceptive,LACS, IDHS 2007 and 2012
Coverage of modern contraceptive use in Indonesia increased from year to year.However, the scope of the use of long acting contraceptive system (LACS) is still farfrom the expected target. Based on previous study found that high-risk groups arelikely to use modern contraception. This study aimed to analyze the effect of high-riskbirths with the use of modern contraceptives, especially long acting contraceptivesystem (LACS) and determine other factors that have a value of interventions towardshigh-risk births variable relationship with the use of modern contraceptives. This studyused cross sectional design with IDHS 2007 and 2012. The sample in this study werewomen of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had delivered a maximum of 5 yearsprior to the survey. The results showed that the prevalence of high risk of 30.45%,10.96% double high risk and 19,49 single high risk. The prevalence of moderncontraceptive use by 68% and the most widely used injection method. While theprevalence of the use of LACS was 8.73% and the most widely used method of IUD.A history of high-risk births do not increase the probability of modern contraceptiveuse overall [PR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.817 - 0.861]. There are considerable opportunities touse the LACS for those who have a history of high-risk multiple births either in thewhole population [PR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.65 - 2.13] and in a population of moderncontraceptive users [PR: 1,46; 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.64]. Population using moderncontraceptives, the biggest opportunity to use the LACS when high-risk mothers doANC at clinic midwife and deliver at the maternity hospital (RB) level health centers.Therefore, it is advisable to increase the education, promotion and counselingespecially to women of reproductive age who already have a history of delivering witha high risk in order to prevent the risk births.Keywords: Women of Reproductive Age, High-risk births, modern contraceptive,LACS, IDHS 2007 and 2012
Kematian neonatal dini merupakan penyumbang kematian bayi dan perinatal yang merupakan indikator derajat kesejahteraan dan kesehatan bangsa. Angka kematian bayi dan perinatal di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi dibanding negara Asia lainnya. Komplikasi kehamilan diduga menjadi faktor kuat kematian neonatal dini. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh adanya komplikasi kehamilan dan setiap jenis komplikasi kehamilan serta ingin mengetahui PAR (Population Attributle Risk) terhadap kematian neonatal dini di Indonesia pada anak yang lahir 2002-2007 terhadap kematian neonatal dini setelah dikendalikan seluruh confounding. Desain studi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah crossectional dengan analisis multivariat complex sample cox regression. Sampel penelitiansebanyak 13893 dari 33 provinsi Indonesia yang diambil dengan metode Stratified two-stage cluster design.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kematian neonatal dini dimodifikasi oleh berat lahir. Peneliti membuat dua model untuk membuktikan pengaruh komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kematian neonatal dini. Pada model pertama, PR komplikasi kehamilan terhadap kematian neonatal dini pada strata berat lahir <2000 gram sebesar 28,74 (95%CI: 10,21-81,02) PAR 13,92%, pada stratum ≥2000 gram sebesar PR 1,03 (95%CI: 0,32-3,34) PAR 11,94%. Pada model kedua, PR prematuritas memiliki risiko tertinggi PR 3,98 (95%CI 1,36-11,63) dengan PAR 8,1%. Diharapkan pemerintah dan masyarakat dapat berperan aktif dalam penurunan dan penanggulangan komplikasi kehamilan sedini mungkin dengan Antenatal care.
Early neonatal death is a contributor to infant and perinatal mortality that is an indicator of well-being and health degree in the nation. Infant and perinatal mortality rate in Indonesia is still higher than other Asian countries. Complications during pregnancy may be a strong factor of early neonatal death. This study want to determine how much influence and PAR of complication during pregnancy to early neonatal death in Indonesia after adjusted all confounding. This study used the cross-sectional design study with complex samples cox regression to multivariat analysis. There were 13893 respondents from 33 provinces in Indonesia were taken by stratified two-stage cluster sample technique.
The Results indicated that there are effect modification of Complication during pregnancy and birth weight to early neonatal death. This study created 2fixed models in multivariat analysis. In the first model, PR complication during pregnancy with birth weight <2000 gr 28,74(95%CI 10,21-81,02) PAR 13,92, complication during pregnancy with birth weight ≥2000 gr PR 1,03 (95%CI 0,32-3,34) PAR 11,94. In third model, only proven premature has significant to be early neonatal death risk with PR 3,98 (95%CI 1,36-11,63) PAR 8,1%. Health ministry and public can improve efectiveness of ANC to reduce complication during pregnancy and premature.
