ABSTRAK Pajanan organofosfat memicu peningkatan spesies oksigen reaktif, yang menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif sistemik ini memicu respon peradangan, yang pada gilirannya berkontribusi terhadap patogenesis hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pajanan organofosfat dengan stres oksidatif dan kejadian hipertensi pada petani di Kecamatan Dempo Utara  Pagar Alam. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, menggunakan metode analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan dan epidemiologi kesehatan lingkungan. Sampel petani diambil secara simple random sampling, sebanyak 116 orang. Pemeriksaan residu organofosfat menggunakan LC-MS/MS, dialkil fosfat dengan GC-MS, malondialdehida dengan Spektro UV-Vis, serta tekanan darah menggunakan sphygmomanometer. Pengumpulan data karakteristik perilaku melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat residu organofosfat pada beberapa sampel cabai dan tomat, namun belum menimbulkan risiko kesehatan berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi risiko. Terdapat interaksi  keberadaan dialkil fosfat dan lama menyemprot terhadap stres oksidatit (OR pada ≤ 4 jam/hari=0,73; OR pada ≥4 jam/hari= 0,83). Terdapat interaksi keberadaan dialkil fosfat dan frekuensi menyemprot terhadap stres oksidatif (OR pada<2 kali/minggu=0,73 dan OR pada ≥2 kali/minggu=0,045). Terdapat interaksi keberadaan dialkil fosfat dan lama menyemprot terhadap hipertensi (OR pada ≤4 jam/hari=2,57;dan OR pada >4 jam/hari=0,16). Stres oksidatif tidak berkorelasi  dengan kejadian hipertensi, namun terdapat faktor konfounding yaitu lama menyemprot (OR:3,69(1,46-9,36) dan umur (OR:3,54(1,39-9,07). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah lama dan frekuensi menyemprot menjadi effect modifier korelasi keberadaan dialkil fosfat dengan stres oksidatif, sementara lama menyemprot menjadi effect modifier korelasi keberadaan dialkil fosfat dengan kejadian hipertensi. Lama menyemprot dan umur menjadi confounder dalam hubungan stres oksidatif dengan kejadian hipertensi pada petani. Kata kunci : dialkil fosfat, hipertensi, organofosfat, model faktor risiko, risk quotient, stres oksidatif

Exposure to organophosphates triggers an increase in reactive oxygen species, which causes oxidative stress. This systemic oxidative stress triggers an inflammatory response, which in turn contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between organophosphate exposure, oxidative stress, and the incidence of hypertension among farmers in the Dempo Utara subdistrict of Pagar Alam. The study design is cross-sectional, employing methods of environmental health risk analysis and environmental health epidemiology. A sample of 116 farmers was selected using simple random sampling. Organophosphate residues were analyzed using LC-MS/MS; dialkyl phosphates using GC-MS; malondialdehyde levels were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy; and blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. Behavioral characteristics were collected through interviews using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results revealed the presence of organophosphate residues in some chili and tomato samples; however, these did not pose a health risk based on the risk characterization findings. There was an interaction between the presence of dialkyl phosphates and spraying duration regarding oxidative stress (OR for ≤ 4 hours/day = 0.73; OR for ≥ 4 hours/day = 0.83). There was an interaction between the presence of dialkyl phosphates and spraying frequency regarding oxidative stress (OR for <2 times/week = 0.73 and OR for ≥2 times/week = 0.045). There was an interaction between the presence of dialkyl phosphates and duration of spraying on the risk of hypertension (OR for ≤4 hours/day = 2.57; and OR for >4 hours/day = 0.16). Oxidative stress was not correlated with the incidence of hypertension; however, there were confounding factors, namely spraying duration (OR: 3.69 [1.46–9.36]) and age (OR: 3.54 [1.39–9.07]). The conclusion of this study is that spraying duration and frequency act as effect modifiers for the association between the presence of dialkyl phosphates and oxidative stress, while spraying duration acts as an effect modifier for the association between the presence of dialkyl phosphates and the incidence of hypertension. Spraying duration acts as a confounder in the relationship between oxidative stress and the incidence of hypertension among farmers. Keywords: dialkylphosphate, hypertension, organophosphate, oxidative stress, risk quotient, risk factor model

Tesis ini membahas mengenai pajanan radiasi RF dan dampak dari pajanan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui nilai intensitas radiasi RF di dekat antena BTS dan apakah ada dampak dari radiasi RF tersebut terhadap pekerja. Penelitian ini bersifat analitis kuantitatif, menggunakan metode pengukuran dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa hasil pengukuran kerapatan daya yang jauh di bawah NAB yaitu sebesar 1,860 W/m2 + 1,842 W/m2. Efek fisik yang dirasakan pekerja adalah rasa pusing, penurunan daya ingat dan sulit tidur. Dari hasil pengukuran mean kadar MDA pada kelompok terpajan adalah 0.302 mMol + 0,078 mMol dan mean kadar TNF-a 4,404 pg/mL + 0,504 pg/mL. Dari uji statistik terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar MDA dan TNF-a pada kelompok terpajan dengan kelompok tanpa pajanan, namun tidak terdapat korelasi antara MDA dan TNF-a dengan usia dan masa kerja. Dari hasil pengukuran dan analisa dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa meskipun hasil ukur nilai intensitas radiasi RF masih jauh di bawah NAB, namun kadar MDA dan TNF-a pada kelompok terpajan radiasi RF lebih besar secara signifikan dibandingkan pada kelompok tanpa pajanan.

This thesis discusses the RF radiation exposure and the impact of such exposure. The purpose of the study was to determine the value of RF radiation intensity near the antenna base stations and whether there are effects of RF radiation to workers. The research is a quantitative analytical, using measurement method with cross-sectional research design. The result showed that the power density measurement results are well below the TLV, which is 1.860 W/m2 + 1.842 W/m2. Workers perceived physical effects are dizziness, memory loss and difficulty sleeping. The MDA measurements result in the exposed group was 0.302 mMol + 0.078 mMol and mean levels of TNF-a was 4,404 pg/mL + 0.504 pg/mL. Statistical tests resulted significant differences between the MDA and TNF-a levels in the exposed group with no exposure group, but there is no correlation between MDA and TNF-a with age and years of service. It can be conscluded that from measurement and analysis that although the results of measuring the value of RF radiation intencity is still far below the TLV, but the levels of MDA and TNF-a on RF radiation-exposed group was significantly greater than in the group without exposure