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Tesis ini membahas tentang desain ergonomi bagi penyandang cacat lumpuh ekstremitas bawah di ruang pemeriksaan Puskesmas X, Y, Z Kota Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2011 dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis desain ergonomi pada penyandang cacat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Kajian dan analisis desain ergonomi bagi penyandang cacat lumpuh ekstremitas bawah dilakukan dengan triangulasi untuk membanding hasil data observasi, wawancara mendalam dan ceklist serta pengukuran dengan mengacu standar Undang-Undang Kecacatan Amerika Serikat, yaitu Disability of Discimination with Act Tahun 1990 (ADA, 1990). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa variabel bentuk, dimensi, layout, aktivitas, postur dapat menyebabkan postur janggal dan ketidaknyaman karena adanya desain ruang pemeriksaan di Tiga Puskesmas yang dibawah standar Undang-Undang ADA Tahun 1990. Kata Kunci: Penyandang Cacat, Ergonomi, Antropometri, Ruang Pemeriksaan, Puskesmas
The focus of this study is the design ergonomics for lower extrimitas disabled people in the examination room Health Center X, Y and Z South Tangerang City in 2011. The aim is analyze the ergonomic design of the disabled. This study is descriptive research using qualitative methods. Assessment and analysis of ergonomic design done by triangulation to compare the results of observational data, in-depth interviews and checklist as well as measurements with standard reference Disability Act United States, namely of Discimination with Disability Act of 1990 (ADA, 1990). The results revealed that the variable shape, dimensions, layout, activity, posture and awkward postures could cause discomfort because of the design of the examination room in the three health centers under the standard ADA Act of 1990. Key words: Disabled Person, Triangulation, Ergonomic, Anthropometry, Health Care
Fire protection system, means of ecsape and inspection and maintenance program of that means is part of means of prevention and control of fire in building especially in health center building.
Kata kunci: UMKM, JSA, Metode Fine, kemungkinan, paparan, konsekuensi,risiko, AS/NZS 4360:2004
Research carried out because the increment number of informal workerswho work in the sector of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), butthere is lack of activity for health and safety risk assessment done in that sectorand workers rarely covered by health or accident insurance program.The research aims to determine the level of occupational safety and health risks inthe production process of making footwear in SMEs X, SMEs Y, SMEs Z anddetermine the highest risk and provide recommendations control measures againstthe identified risks.The method used in this research is semi-quantitative and descriptive basedon the standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 using the Job Safety Analysis method toidentify hazards and risks and Fine method for measuring the level of risk bymultiplying the probability, exposure and consequences of any risks. Descriptivestudy was conducted to elucidate the control measures already carried out by eachSME. Sample was conducted by purposive sampling method, ie all workers whoare in the process of production of the footwear in SMEs X, Y SMEs, SMEs Z.The results showed that at this stage of the production process in SMEs X, YSMEs, SME Z risks are included in all categories at Fine methods, namely: VeryHigh, Priority 1, Substantial, Priority 3, Acceptable. The highest risk (Very High)obtained from the use of chemicals and electric cables that do not meet standards.
Keywords: SMEs, JSA, Fine Method, probability, exposure, consequences, risk,AS/NZS 4360:2004.
ABSTRAK Batik Indonesia secara resmi diakui oleh United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) pada tahun 2009 dan masuk dalam daftar representatif sebagai Budaya Tak Benda Warisan Manusia. Faktanya, industri kerajinan batik di Indonesia telah tumbuh dan berkembang sejak berabad-abad yang lalu. Saat ini, pembinaan pada Pengrajin Batik merupakan salah satu program kerja Dinas Perindustrian, Perdagangan, Koperasi, dan Usaha Kecil Menengah Provinsi DIY Seksi UKM dan termasuk dalam kategori kegiatan informal. Namun ironisnya hingga saat ini belum semua usaha-usaha ekonomi informal terjangkau oleh program-program pembinaan dan perlindungan yang berkesinambungan. Pengrajin Batik Tulis X merupakan salah satu UKM yang berada dibawah binaan Dinas Perindustrian, Perdagangan, Koperasi, dan UKM Provinsi D.I Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan pengamatan awal yang dilakukan pada Pengrajin Batik Tulis X, di wilayah Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada bulan Oktober 2011, Peneliti mendapati kondisi pembatik tulis melakukan pekerjaan membatik dalam posisi duduk dalam durasi kerja yang panjang, ± 6-8 jam per hari. Namun ironisnya, ruang dan peralatan kerja (kursi, gawangan dan posisi kompor) yang dipergunakan belum ergonomis yaitu belum adanya kesesuaian dengan antropometri tubuh orang Indonesia yang akhirnya mengharuskan pembatik bekerja dalam postur janggal. Dalam kurun waktu yang panjang hal ini dapat berakibat munculnya penyakit akibat kerja seperti cedera otot. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perancangan ulang terhadap ruang dan peralatan kerja bagi pembatik tulis sehingga dapat meminimalisir kemungkinan risiko-risiko kesehatan yang mungkin muncul pada kemudian hari dengan berpedoman pada penerapan dimensi-dimensi tubuh antropometri orang Indonesia.
Abstract United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) officially recognized Batik Indonesia in 2009, and registered under culture themes of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Nevertheless, batik craft industry have grown and evolved since hundred years ago. Furthermore, one of work program of Cooperation Trade Industry and Small Medium Business Unit in Provincial Jogjakarta under Small Medium Business Section is to coach small and medium business of batik crafter, thus, it is categorized as informal activity. Unluckily, this informal activity which related to economic empowerment has not been covered by sustainable coaching and protecting program from local government. Hand-drawn Batik Craft Industry X is one of small medium business activiy under supervision of Cooperation Trade Industry and Small Medium Business Unit Provincial Jogjakarta. Based on preliminary observation Hand-drawn Batik Crafter Industry X in District of Bantul under Provincial Jogjakarta in October 2011, researcher captured the hand-drawn batik crafter while they worked, seating for long period 6-8 hours a day. In addition, work space and work tools used (work chair, gawangan and stove) are not in ergonomic condition, means that the work station and work tools are not suitable for body anthropometry of Indonesian people; consequently the hand-drawn batik crafter works in awkward posture. As a result of current working condition, it might significantly effect to hand-drawn batik crafter such as muscle injury. This research is aim to redesign of work station and tools by using ergonomic approach for hand-drawn batik crafter, so that the health effect could be minimized in the long term period; at once, work station and work tools should be adjusted with dimension of body anthropometry of Indonesian people.
