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Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang berpotensi menimbulkan wabah di Indonesia. Di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan menempati peringkat kedua dalam total kasus DBD selama tahun 2007-2009 setelah Jakarta Timur. Kepadatan jumlah penduduk, jumlah tempat umum, jumlah daerah rawan banjir/genangan, dan Angka Bebas Jentik merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi penularan kasus DBD di masyarakat.Penelitian dengan desain studi ekologis ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jakarta Selatan untuk melihat pemetaan tingkat kerentaan wilayah terhadap kasus DBD selama tahun 2007-2011.
Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara kepadatan penduduk, jumlah daerah rawan banjir, dan Angka Bebas Jentik dengan kasus DBD (r=-0,036; r=-0,134: r=0,065; p>0,05) dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jumlah tempat umum dengan kasus DBD (r=-0,508; p<0,0001) di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan selama tahun 2007-2011. Pemetaan yang dilakukan dengan yang memperhitungkan kelima variabel memperlihatkan gambaran tingkat kerentanan wilayah Kota Jakarta Selatan terhadap kasus DBD selama tahun 2007-2011.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is one of the infectious diseases which potentially cause an outbreak in Indonesia. In DKI Jakarta Province, South Jakarta city is placed as a second tops after East Jakarta in relation to DHF incidence during 2007-2009 periods. Population density, public places, flood prone areas, and larvae free index are the factors which can influence the transmission of DHF in community. This study used an ecology design based on secondary data from South Jakarta Health Office to find about the correlation between variables and developed an area mapping based on vulnerability level to DHF incidence at the districts level in South Jakarta, 2007-2011.
The result shows that statistically there?s no significantly correlation between population density, flood prone area, and larvae free index with the occurrence of DHF incidence (r=-0,036; r=-0,134: r=0,065; p>0,05), and there?s significantly correlation between public places and DHF incidence, with medium strength level and negative direction (r=-0,508; p<0,0001). The mapping which considers all five variables mentioned above shows the vulnerability level of district areas to DHF incidence in South Jakarta from 2007 to 2011.
Kata kunci: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), Kepadatan Penduduk, Iklim, ABJ, Analisis Spasial.
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes who infected with dengue virus. DHF have been affecting more than 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries in the world. Around 1.8 billion (more than 70%) of the population at risk of dengue fever worldwide live in countries of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific Region, including Indonesia. In 2016, DKI Jakarta was assigned the status of outbreak of DHF, with a total of 22,697 cases and an incidence rate (IR) of 220.8 per 100,000 population. West Jakarta is one of the regions with the highest DHF incidence rate compared to other cities in DKI Jakarta. This study aims to determine the spatial analysis of the incidence of dengue in West Jakarta in 2015-2019 by considering several factors such as demographics, climate, and larval free index. This study uses an ecological study with a spatial analysis approach and correlation analysis to see the strength of the relationship between the incidence of DHF with factors of population density, climate, and larvae free index. Spatially the incidence of DHF tends to occur in areas with high density and low larvae free index. Statistically, correlation analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between population density, air humidity, and rainfall with the incidence of DHF. Meanwhile, there is no significant correlation between the air temperature and larvae free index with the incidence of DHF in West Jakarta. Result shows that from 56 urban villages in West Jakarta, there are 53 urban villages that are categorized as high vulnerability, and 3 urban villages categorized as medium vulnerability. The high problem of dengue cases in West Jakarta makes the authorities should increase efforts or planning and optimize community empowerment in eradicating dengue cases.
Keywords: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Population Density, Climate, Larvae Free Index, Spatial Analysis.
