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Menurut Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) 1995, Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia adalah 373 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) sebesar 46 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah belum optimal cakupan kunjungan antenatal (K4 = 75,66%). Kurang optimalnya kunjungan antenatal mengakibatkan risiko dan komplikasi kehamilan tidak terdeteksi secara dini. Intervensi kesehatan spesifik melalui kunjungan antenatal minimal 4 kali, merupakan salah satu daya ungkit yang besar untuk menurunkan insiden dan beratnya komplikasi yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas pada ibu dan bayi baru lahir. Di Kota Medan kunjungan antenatal K4 sebesar 78,75%, belum mencapai target nasional sebesar 90%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh hubungan antara falctor predisposisi, faktor pemungkin dan faktor penguat dengan kunjungan antenatal K4. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional (potong lintang), pemilihan sampel didasarkan rumus cluster 2 tahap, tahap pertama dengan probability proportional to size menggunakan C Survey, jumlah sampel sebanyak 210 orang, ibu yang mempunyai bayi umur 6 (enam bulan) dimana selama hamil pernah memeriksakan kehamilannya ke petugas kesehatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan perangkat lunak C Sample pada Epi Info 6.0 dan program komputerisasi lainnya.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa proporsi kunjungan antenatal sesuai standar sebesar 51% dan 84,8% responden pernah melakukan kunjungan antenatal di klinik bidan swasta. Hasil analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa variabel yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kunjungan K4 adalah pendidikan tinggi, pengetahuan baik, sikap positif, jarak, penghasilan tinggi, akses informasi yang baik terhadap pelayanan antenatal dan dukungan suami. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan K4 adalah pengetahuan, sikap, jarak, penghasilan, akses informasi dan yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kunjungan antenatal K4 adalah pengetahuan ibu (OR 2,78).Memperhatikan hasil penelitian ini, menyarankan kepada lembaga terkait khususnya mereka yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan kesehatan ibu hamil dan bersalin bahwa kegiatan Komunikasi Informasi Edukasi (KIE) pada Standar Operating Procedur (SOP) perlu ditegaskan kembali, yaitu adanya langkah-langkah KIE yang harus dioperasionalkan diseluruh fasilitas pelayanan dari Posyandu sampai Rumah Sakit, baik pada pelayanan pemerintah maupun swasta. Kegiatan konseling merupakan pilihan yang efektif dan efisien meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu untuk memahami peristiwa kehamilan, persalinan, nifas dan risiko yang mungkin dihadapi ibu sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya prefentif.
The Factors that Related to Antenatal Visit Four Times (K4) in Medan City, North Sumatera Province, 2002Based on Household Health Survey in 1995, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia was 373 per 100.000 live births, while the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 46 per 1000 live births. One of the factors was caused by the in optimal the coverage of antenatal visit four times (K4 = 75,66%). The lack of their optimal to antenatal visit four times, it caused risk and pregnancy complication can not be detected in the early. The specific health intervention through minimum antenatal visit at least four times, as one of the big power raising to reduce the incident and heavy complication that related to pregnancy, delivery and post-partum on mother and infant new birth. In Medan City the antenatal visit four times was 78,75%, it was not reach with the national target that is 90%.The objective of this study was to obtain the relationships between the predisposition, possibly, and the dominant factors with antenatal visit four times. The study design was cross-sectional. The sample selected was based on the pattern of cluster second phase, first phase with probability proportional to size used C Survey. The number of sample was 210 pregnant mothers who having infant age 5 6 months, where during pregnant ever checked their pregnancy to health worker. The data was collected by indepth interview method. The data was analysis by software C Sample on Epi Info 6.0 and others computer programs.The result of study showed that the proportion of antenatal visit meet with the standard was a 51% and 84,8% respondent ever conducted antenatal visit at the private maternity clinics. The result of bivariate analysis known that the variable which having significant relationship to antenatal visit four times is high education, good knowledge, positive attitude, distance, high income, good information access to antenatal service and husband support. The result of logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that the variable that having relationships to antenatal visit four times is knowledge, attitude, distance, income, information access and the most dominant that influence to K4 is mother's knowledge (OR 2,78).Considering to this study, it is recommended that the institutional related especially to whom that giving health services on pregnant mother and delivery. The activities of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) on Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) it is need to be cleared again, i.e. the availability of IEC steps that should be applied in entire of health facilities, starting from Village Integrated Service Post to Hospital, both private and state owned. Counseling activities is selection that effective and efficient to increase the mother's knowledge, and in order to understand the pregnant event, delivery, post-partum and the risk that possible faced, so it can be done preventive action.
Tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) menjadi salah satu isu prioritas kesehatan di Indonesia. Penggunaan kontrasepsi modern pascasalin merupakan strategi efektif untuk menekan AKI dengan mengatur jarak kehamilan. Namun, cakupannya belum merata, dengan disparitas signifikan antarprovinsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi modern pascasalin di Provinsi Jawa Timur dan Sumatera Utara.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan analisis data sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Sampel terdiri dari wanita usia subur (15-49 tahun) yang telah melahirkan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik multivariabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penggunaan kontrasepsi modern pascasalin di Jawa Timur (79,2%) lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan Sumatera Utara (50,5%). Faktor determinan di Sumatera Utara adalah umur, status pekerjaan, dan konseling KB. Di Jawa Timur, faktor yang berhubungan adalah daerah tempat tinggal, status ekonomi, paritas, dan konseling KB. Konseling KB pascasalin menjadi satu-satunya faktor yang berhubungan signifikan di kedua provinsi. Kesimpulannya, terdapat perbedaan determinan dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi modern pascasalin antara kedua provinsi, yang menyoroti pentingnya intervensi spesifik sesuai konteks wilayah. Penguatan layanan konseling menjadi kunci strategis untuk meningkatkan cakupan secara nasional.
The high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is a priority health issue in Indonesia. The use of modern postpartum contraception is an effective strategy to reduce MMR by managing pregnancy spacing. However, its coverage is uneven, with significant disparities between provinces. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the use of modern postpartum contraception in East Java and North Sumatra provinces. This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data analysis from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The sample consisted of women of childbearing age (15-49 years) who had previously given birth. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that the proportion of modern postpartum contraceptive use in East Java (79.2%) was significantly higher than in North Sumatra (50.5%). The determining factors in North Sumatra were age, employment status, and family planning counseling. In East Java, the associated factors were area of residence, economic status, parity, and family planning counseling. Counseling was the only factor significantly associated in both provinces. In conclusion, there are different determinants for the use of modern postpartum contraception between the two provinces, highlighting the importance of region-specific interventions. Strengthening counseling services is a strategic key to increasing coverage nationally.
Diarrhea is an infectious disease that causes death in infants and children under five. The cause of diarrhea is strongly influenced by various risk factors, including child factors and maternal, environment, and family economic factors. This study used a cross sectional study design with univariate, bivariate, and stratified analysis. The data used is secondary data from the 2017 IDHS. The sample used is 906 children under five. The result of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the age factor of child under five (nilai p: 0,000; OR=2,54; 95%CI 1,67-3,85) and family sanitation facilities (niai p= 0,004; OR= 1,71; 95%CI 1,19-2,47) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. The stratification analysis showed that there was a relation between the age of the child under five and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five according to the mother?s education, history of exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, are of the residence and family economic.
In the Performance Based Capitation (KBK) payment system, the performance achievement of First Level Health Facilities (FKTP) will be calculated based on the indicators of Contact Rate, Non-Specialist Referral Ratio, and Controlled Prolanis Participant Ratio as the basis for capitation payments. This research is a non-experimental research using a quantitative approach, which aims to determine the relationship between the status of implementation of KBK consequences, the ratio of doctors to participants, fulfillment of infrastructure, scope of services and financial management patterns of Community Health Centers with the value of KBK achievements at Puskesmas in the North Sumatra Province region in 2023. From the results of this research, the KBK achievement value for Puskesmas in North Sumatra Province in December 2023 is 2.8 or has not yet reached the target maximum. The ratio of doctors to participants and fulfillment of infrastructure have a significant relationship to the KBK achievement score. Fulfillment of doctors based on the number of registered participants, fulfillment of infrastructure and arrangements for the distribution of registered participants need to be paid attention to in order to improve performance in accordance with the provisions of Performance Based Capitation.
Background: Indonesia still face the problem of height of prevalence disease, especially related to environmental condition which still not yet good. One of them is intestine worm infestation which isn't it through by soil or was often referred as “Soil Transmitted Helminths”. Wormy Infestation at child of elementary schoolchild will affect growth, degrading ability of physical, productivity learn and degrade his intelectuality, at the same time this situation will have an effect on to status of gizi energy and accept Iesson. Result of Inspection and Wormy Eradication ( October 2004) at some elementary school conducted by Public Health Services Langkat District in Sub- District of Stabat and Hinai show number at gyration 30-60%. Objective: Objective of this research is to obtain information about prevalence of infestation wormy at child of Elementary School G. Ambat, Sp. Kuta Buluh and N.Ukur Selatan and also know factors any kind of having an effect on to height of prevalence wormy at elementary schoolchild. Method: Method of research is "Observasional Study" that is case control desing, will be compared to case group and control group by the eksposure. Comparison of case group and control is 1: 1 with sampel to the each group counted 100 children of elementary schoolchild. Result: Wormy infestation prevalence of elementary schoolchild in Sub District of Sei Bingai still high (77,64%). Infestation prevalence of each worm type is Ascaris lumbricoides infection 68,46%, Tricuris trichiura 49,3% and hookworm 8.8%. Result of analyse from multivarite logistics regression model that wormy infestation of elementary shoolchild proven closely related to social economics variable, water sanitation, knowledge of mother and behavior of child. Existence of interaction between economics social with knowledge of mother, indicating that situation of economic social as prakondition to the happening of influence of knowledge to wormy infestation. In the situation low economic social, the risk of child who having mother with lower knowledge to wormy infestation equal to 44,6 times;rill compared to child having high knowledge of mother. While in the situation high economic social, the risk of child who having mother with lower knowledge to wormy infestation equal to 0,45 times;rill compared to child having high knowledge of mother. Conclution: Thereby require to be conducted counselling effort for child and mother to improve knowledge and change behavior of mother, and also repair of condition of sanitasi environmental. Key Word: Wormy Infestation, Elementary Schoolchild, Sei Bingai, Langkat, Logistic Regrretion.
ABSTRAK Kesembuhan penderita tuberkuosis paru merupakan salah satu keberhasilan program penanggulangan TB paru. Persentase kesembuhan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pakkat tahun 2009 sebesar 86,7%, sedangkan target keberhasilan Nasional sebesar 85%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pasien yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan program penanggulangan tuberkulosis paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pakkat tahun 2007-2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah penderita TB paru yang tercatat pada TB 01 dan telah menjalani pengobatan selama 6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pakkat terhitung dari Januari 2007 sampai Desember 2010. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa penderita TB yang menjalani pengobatan selama enam bulan sebagian besar adalah laki-laki, penghasilan rendah, umur produktif, jumlah anggota keluarga besar, tradisi berobat ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, tingkat pendidikan rendah, pengetahuan baik, tindakan yang baik, dan persepsi yang baik, serta kategori I. Pada analisis bivarait, tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara variabel independen dengan keberhasilan program penanggulangan TB paru di Puskesmas Pakkat. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor-faktor pasien dengan keberhasilan program penanggulangan tuberkulosis paru di Puskesmas Pakkat. Kata Kunci : Tuberkulosis paru, keberhasilan program penanggulangan, faktorfaktor pasien
ABSTRACT The healing patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the success of pulmonary TB control program. The persentage of healing in the work area for Public Health Center Pakkat in 2009 for 86.7%, whereas the national target success of 85%. This research aimed to know these factors related with successful patient of pulmonary control programs in the region of Public Health Center Pakkat year 2007-2010. This research used cross-sectional approach to see the relationship of independent variables with the dependent variable in a moment. The research sample was patients with pulmonary tuberculosis recorded on the TB 01 and had undergone treatment for 6 months in the region of the Public Health Center Pakkat as of in January 2007 until Desember 2010. The results of univariate analysis showed that TB patiens who had treatment for six months largely male, low income, productive age, a large number of household, traditional of treatment to the health care facility, low education levels, good knowlwgde, good action, good perceptions, and patients with category I. The results of bivariate analysis there were no significant relationship between independent variables with the success of pulmonary TB control programs in the Public Health Center Pakkat. The conclusion of this research, that factors patients unrelated with success of pulmonary tuberculosis control programs in the Public Health Center Pakkat tahun 2007-2010. Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis, the success of control programs, patient factors.
