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Di negara berkembang penyakit diare merupakan penyebab kematian dan kesakitan pada balita diperkirakan 1,8 juta setiap tahun. Prevalensi diare balita di Indonesia Tahun 2002-2003 terbanyak terdapat di Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan di Propinsi Jawa Barat. Sedangkan prevalensi diare pada batita Tahun 2005 terbanyak di Propinsi Sumatera Utara, Nangroe Aceh Darusalam dan Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan pola 10 penyakit terbanyak pasien rawat inap, diare merupakan penyakit terbanyak. l3eberapa hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa lingkungan merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian diare pada batita. Faktor sanitasi lingkungan terutama sarana air bersih, sarana pembuangan kotoran, sarana pembuangan sampah dan kepadatan human sangat berperan dalam kejadian diare. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data Survei Rumah Tangga Pelayanan Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2005. Besar sampel sebanyak 1893 bayi di bawah tiga tahun di Propinsi Jawa Barat. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis multivariabel dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi logistik ganda dilakukan dengan pembobotan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kejadian diare pada batita di Propinsi Jawa Barat sebesar 28,5%. Dari analisis multivariabel dengan regresi logistik ganda didapatkan batita dari keluarga dengan sarana pembuangan kotoran yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan berisiko 1,5 kali menderita diare. Sedangkan batita dari keluarga dengan sarana pembuangan sampah yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan berisiko 2 kali menderita diare. Kejadian diare pada batita dari keluarga dengan status ekonomi rendah berisiko 2 kali dibandingkan batita dari keluarga status ekonomi tinggi. Batita dari ibu dengan pengetahuan rendah berisiko 2 kali dibanding batita dari ibu yang berpengetahuan tinggi. Begitu pula dengan kejadian diare pada batita dari ibu yang bersikap kurang balk berisiko 2 kali. Batita Bari ibu yang jarang mencuci tangan dengan sabun sebelum menyuapi anak dan menyediakan makanan, berisiko 2 kali menderita diare. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan selain penyediaan sarana sanitasi lingkungan yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan, masyarakat juga dapat meningkatkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Terutama kebiasan mencuci tangan yang merupakan cara yang paling efektif untuk mencegah penyakit diare, karena sebagian besar kuman infeksius penyebab diare ditularkan melalui jalur fecal oral.
In developing countries diarrhea is mortality and morbidity cause on infant estimated 1,8 million people per year. Infant diarrhea prevalence in Indonesia year 2002-2003 mostly found in South Celebes Province and West Java Province. While diarrhea prevalence on infant in 2005 mostly found in North Sumatra Province, NAD and West Java. Based on 10 diseases pattern mostly inpatient, diarrhea is the most disease. Some of research result suggested that environment is risk factor toward diarrhea in infant. Environment sanitation factor especially pure water means, waste disposal means, garbage disposal means, and resident density have a very important role in diarrhea cases. This research was further analysis of Basic Human Services Baseline Household Survey in 2005. Samples are infants under three years in 1893 of West Java Province. Data analysis that used is multivariable analysis using multiple logistic regression. Research result shows diarrhea cases on infant in West Java Province is 28,5%. From multivariable analysis with multiple logistic regression found infant from family with waste disposal means that not qualifying health risk is 1,5 times suffering diarrhea. While infant from family with garbage disposal means, that not qualifying health risk is 2 times suffering diarrhea. Diarrhea cases on infant from family with the lower economic status have 2 times risk compared to infant from high economic status. Diarrhea cases on infant from family with low knowledge have 2 times risk compared to infant from high knowledge mother. So also, diarrhea on infant of mother that has bad attitude got 2 times risk. Infant of mother who is rarely wash their hand with soap before feeding their children and providing food has 2 times risk of suffering diarrhea. Based on research result, suggested besides providing environment sanitation means that qualified health requisite, public could also increasing hygiene life behavior and healthy. Especially washing hand behavior that is the most effective ways in preventing diarrhea, because most of infectious germ that cause diarrhea infecting through fecal oral line.
Breast cancer cases in worldwide has increased sharply in the last ten years, especiallyin women. In recent decades, changes in diet trend occurred in various countries. The purposeof this study was to determine the dietary relationship to breast cancer in women aged 15years and over in Indonesia. The study was conducted with a cross sectional design with thesource of data used is Riskesdas 2013. The results shows that women with unhealthy diets havehigher odds of having breast cancer (OR = 1.14), as well as other risk factors are consumptionof sweet foods ( OR = 1.53), fat (OR = 2.41), and caffeine (OR = 2.22) after controlled by age,marital status, education, occupation, residence, the use of hormonal contraception, andphysical activity. Thus, it is recommended for women aged 15 years and over in Indonesia toincrease fruit and vegetable consumption and limiting consumption of sugary foods, fattyfoods, and caffeine to prevent breast cancer.Keywords:diet, breast cancer, women.
Tahun 2003, kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif di tiga Kabupaten (Cirebon, Cianjur dan Ciamis) Propinsi Jawa Barat masih rendah, yaitu 0,06%. Rendahnya kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif ini diperkirakan karena belum dilakukan kajian ilmiah mengenai kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif secara komprehensif dengan metode yang memadai secara substansial. Oleh karena itu karena itu dilakukan penelitian dengan metode yang memadai dengan analisis survival untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif pada 1339 orang ibu menyusui yang terdapat di tiga kabupaten (Cirebon,Cianjur Dan Ciamis) Propinsi Jawa Barat pada tahun 2003. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis survival. Penelitan ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif di tiga Kabupaten (Cirebon,Cianjur dan Ciamis) Propinsi Jawa Barat adalah 0,75%. Penelitian ini menemukan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah faktor kontrasepsi yang digunakan ibu dan faktor kunjungan ke tenaga kesehatan pada saat neonatal. Faktor kontrasepsi yang digunakan ibu merupakan faktor pencetus ketahanan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan hazard ratio sebesar 11,5 sedangkan faktor kunjungan ke tenaga kesehatan pada Saat neonatal rnerupakan faktor yang bersifat protektif terhadap kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan hazard ratio sebesar 0,11. Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas perlu dilakukan peningkatan penggunaan kontrasepsi non pil bagi ibu yang menyusui, selain itu juga perlu ketegasan pelaksanaan Kepmen No. 237/MENKES/SK/IV/1997 tentang pemasaran susu pengganti serta pemantauan kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan menggunaan KMS. Perlu juga dilakukan penelitian lebih mendalam yang mencakup variabel Iain seperti sisial budaya dengan pendekatan yang lebih memadai untuk dapat menjelaskan kelangsungan pemberian ASI eksklusif.
In 2003, the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding in the three regions (Cirebon, Cianjur, and Ciamis) of West Java Province, which is 0.75%, is still low. This is possibly because scientific evaluation about the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding has never been conducted comprehensively using a method that is substantially adequate. Therefore a research is done using an adequate method of survival analysis to determine the factors which influence the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding. The study design is retrospective cohort based on 1339 lactating mothers living in the three regions (Cirebon, Cianjur, and Ciamis) of West Java Province in the year of 2003. The analysis used is survival analysis. Results from the study show that the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding in the three regions (Cirebon, Cianjur, and Ciamis) of West Java Province is 0.75%. This research found factors which influence the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding are contraception used by mothers and visits to health personals during neonatal period. The contraception used by mothers is a trigger factor for persistency in exclusive breastfeeding with a hazard ratio of 11.5 whereas, visits to health personals during neonatal period has a protective effect for persistency in exclusive breastfeeding with a hazard ratio of 0.11. Based on the findings stated above, there is a need to increase the use of non-pill contraception for lactating mothers. In addition, there is a need for firm implementation of Kepmen No. 237/MENKES/SK/IV/1997 regarding replacement marketing baby milk as well as monitoring the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding by using KMS. A more profound study, which includes other variables such as social culture, with an adequate approach needs to be conducted in order to provide an explanation for the continuity of exclusive breastfeeding.
Rabies or hydrophobia is a disease that is feared and can cause death. The disease is transmitted from animals that have been exposed to rabies virus to humans is called lyssa virus. Lyssa virus can quickly spread to other sufferers of Animals on through saliva. This study was made in order to determine the incidence of rabies in the province of Bali. This study uses data Rabies Case Reports 2008 to 2011 and District in the Province of data with univariate and bivariate analyzes. The results showed that the incidence of rabies in Bali province can occur in all areas both in densely populated areas, in the rice-fields, and in Land use such as besides rice, plantations, and forest.
Contraceptive prevalence rate of Indonesia showed a significant improve since 2002/2003 to 2007. However, unmet need of family planning still high on 9,1 % in IDHS (2007). IDHS describes that there are 61,4 of 100 women using contraceptive and there are 9 of 100 women are unmet need. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of education, knowledge of family planning, and women's autonomy for unmet need in Yogyakarta and NTT according to IDHS 2007. Regression analysis shows that several variables are significantly related to total unmet need in Yogyakarta dan NTT. The findings in Yogyakarta show that interaction between media and knowledge is a major statistically significant relationship. But in NTT, total number of children is a major statistically significant relationship. Although, education, knowledge, and autonomy have no significant association with unmet need, low of education, knowledge, and no having autonomy give higher total unmet need in Yogyakarta and NTT. Therefore recommended that inYogyakarta and NTT, health care services make full use of opportunities to provide family planning information and services.