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Inovasi dibidang radiologi diagnostik yang pesat, meningkatkan inflasi dibidang kesehatan dan merupakan pengeluaran kesehatan yang tercepat, meningkat dua kali dibandingkan pengeluaran untuk obat-obatan maupun biaya kesehatan secara keseluruhan, sehingga perlu pengendalian biaya. Hal tersebut telah membuka pikiran pihak managemen rumah sakit, bahwa pelayanan radiologi merupakan profit centers yang sering terlupakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan kualitatif Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan cost awareness dan cost monitoring di sub departemen radiologi Rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo, sehingga terciptanya suatu efisiensi biaya pelayanan thoraks AP/PA foto., dengan membandingkan unit cost normatif dan unit cost aktualnya. Hasil penelitian cost awareness di sub departemen radiologi, pada umumnya para radiografer memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup akan biaya-biaya di sub departemen radiologi. Tetapi kesadaran akan biaya dari para petugas radiographer saat ini belum direfleksikan dalam tingkah laku sehari-hari untuk penghematan. Pelaksanaan pemantauan biaya (cost monitoring) di sub departemen radiologi Rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo masih jauh dari yang diharapkan. Efisiensi di sub departemen radiologi Rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo belum terlaksana. Dari penelitian ini, managemen rumah sakit perlu mengadakan program edukasi kepada seluruh stafnya tentang cost/biaya material-material di rumah sakit. dimulai dengan memperbaiki system administrasi dan pelaporan di sub departemen radiologi yang sesuai dengan SOP. Kemudian, perhitungan biaya satuan untuk layanan radiologi lainnya untuk mengurangi kerugian rumah sakit.
Innovations in diagnostic radiology have led to advances in the field of medicine, while at the same time contributing to a high rate of medical inflation and increasing at twice the rate of prescription drugs and overall health care spending, so cost containment is needed. These has opened the eyes of the hospital management, that radiology services are a profit centers that are often forgotten, even when the use of medical material (x-ray film) in the sub-department radiology of rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo is more than the number of patients. This is an observational study with a qualitative approach, using primary data from in-depth interviews with stakeholders and secondary data, and then analyzed to see the cost of efficiency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of cost awareness and cost monitoring in the sub department of radiology Dr. Mintohardjo Navy Hospital, thus creating cost efficiency on thoracic AP / PA photos service, by comparing the normative unit cost and actual unit cost. In general, knowledge of costs among the radiographer in the sub department radiology, is sufficient. They are aware of the importance of knowledge of cost, but the cost awareness of radiographer are not reflected in everyday behavior for saving. While the cost monitoring in the sub department radiology of Rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo still far from expected. The conclusion of the research, that efficiency in the sub department radiology of rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo has not achieved. Based on the the result of this study, researcher suggest the management of hospital to conduct an educational programs for all staff about the cost / charge of materials in hospital. By starting with improving the administration and reporting system in the sub department radiology in accordance with the SOP. Then, make a cost analisys to determine the unit costs for other radiology services, to reduce hospitals losses.
Angka kematian bayi (AKB) sebagai salah satu indikator mortalitas derajat kesehatan di Indonesia telah menurun cukup berarti, namun masih jauh lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan beberapa negara ASEAN serta negara-negara maju. Angka kematian neonatal merupakan sekilar 40% dari AKB, dengan penyebab utama adalah bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) sebesar 29% (SKRT, 2001). Berbagai studi menyebutkan banyak faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya BBLR, faktor kualitas pelayanan antenatal merupakan salah satu faktor risiko yang sangat penting, disamping faktor-faktor lain seperti paritas, jarak kelahiran, riwayat kehamilan terdahulu, pertambahan berat badan selama hamil, tingkat aktifitas fisik ibu, komplikasi selama hamil, perilaku merokok, umur ibu, tinggi badan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, etnis atau ras, tingkat sosial ekonomi dan jenis kelamin bayi yang dilahirkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor kualitas pelayanan antenatal (berdasarkan frekuensi pelayanan, jadwal pelayanan, dan konseling) terhadap kejadian BBLR di Indonesia. Penelitian dirancang secara kasus kontrol dengan menggunakan data terdokumentasi basil SDKI 2002-2003. Kasus adalah subjek dengan atribut efek positif (BBLR) dicarikan kontrolnya yaitu subjek dengan atribut efek negatif (Tidak BBLR). Populasi studi adalah seluruh sampel SDKI 2002-2003 yaitu semua wanita berusia 15-49 tahun yang sudah pernah kawin dan melahirkan dengan lahir hidup dalam lima tahun terakhir sebelum survei, dengan kriteria inklusi kasus dan kontrol adalah kelahiran tunggal, ditimbang saat lahir, dan bapak juga diwawancarai, sedangkan kriteria eksklusinya adalah data terdokumentasi tidak tersedia lengkap. Dengan menggunakan rumus Batas minimal sampel untuk kasus kontrol tidak berpadanan didapatkan kasus sebanyak 82 dan kontrol 328. Dengan analisis regresi logistik ganda, model akhir pengaruh kualitas pelayanan antenatal terhadap kejadian BBLR didapatkan nilai OR = 2,71 (95% CI: 1,60-4,58), artinya bahwa responden yang mendapatkan kualitas pelayanan antenatal (berdasarkan frekuensi pelayanan, jadwal pelayanan, dan konseling) dengan kualitas buruk kemungkinan berisiko 2,71 kali lebih besar untuk melahirkan BBLR dibandingkan dengan ibu yang mcndapatkan kualitas pelayanan antenatal balk setelah dikontrol dengan komplikasi selama hamil, umur ibu, dan jenis kelamin bayi. Variabel yang terbukti signifikan secara statistik dengan kejadian BBLR adalah komplikasi selama hamil (OR = 3,98 atau 95% CI: 2,06-7,67), umur ibu (OR = 1,98 atau 95% CI: 1,02-3,85), dan jenis kelamin bayi (OR = 1,93 atau 95% CI: 1,14-3,28), sedangkan variabel yang tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan secara statistik adalah paritas, riwayat kehamilan, dan pendidikan ibu. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan antenatal (berdasarkan frekuensi pelayanan, jadwal pelayanan, dan konseling) terbukti mempunyai pengaruh bermakna secara statistik terhadap kejadian BBLR setelah dikontrol dengan variabel komplikasi selama hamil, umur ibu, dan jenis kelamin bayi, sehingga perlu menjadi bahan pertimbangan oleh para pengambil kebijakan dalam upaya menurunkan kejadian BBLR di Indonesia.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) as one of mortality indicators of health level degraded in Indonesia significantly, but it is higher than many countries in ASEAN and also development countries. Neonatal mortality is almost 40% of infant mortality rate with main reason of low birth weight is 29% (SKRT, 2001). Various study mentioned many factors which caused a low birth weight occurrence, antenatal service quality factor is one of the important risk factors compared with other factors such as parity, birth interval, past pregnancy history, weight increased during pregnancy, activity level of mother's physic. Complication during pregnancy, smoking behavior, mother's age, mother's tall, education level of mother, ethnic or race, social and economic level, and baby gender which is born. This Research purpose is to know effect of antenatal service quality factor (according to service frequency, service schedule, and counseling) to low birth weight occurrence. Research designed with a control case by using result of documentation data SDKI 2002-2003. Case is subject with positive effect attribute (low birth weight) by looking for its control that is subject with negative effect attribute (no low birth weight). Study population are all samples of SDKI 2002-2003 that are all women 15-49 years old who have married and born with life birth in last five years before survey, with inclusion criterion of case and control are single birth, weighted when she born, and father is also held an interview, while its inclusion criterion of available documentation data is not complete. By using a minimum limit formula of samples for non match control case, it founded 82 cases and 328 controls. By analysis of multiple logistic regression, final model effect of antenatal service quality to low birth weight occurrence got a value of OR = 2,71 (95% CI: 1,60-4,58), this means responders who got antenatal service quality (according to service frequency, service schedule, and counseling) with a bad quality of risk possibility are 2,71 times bigger to bear with low birth weight compared with mother who got good quality of antenatal service after controlled with a complication during pregnancy, mother's age, and baby gender. Significant variable with a low birth weight occurrence statistically is complication during pregnancy (OR = 3,98 atau 95% CI: 2,06-7,67), mother's age (OR = 1,98 or 95% Cl: 1,02-3,85), and baby gender (OR = 1,93 or 95% CI: 1,14-3,28), while variables who does not significant effect statistically are parity, pregnancy history, and mother?s education. It is concluded that antenatal service quality (according to service frequency, service schedule, and counseling) have significant effects statistically to low birth weight occurrence after controlled with complication variable during pregnancy, mother?s age, and baby gender, so it is important to become consideration for all policies makers decreasing effort of low birth weight occurrence in Indonesia.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ( SLE ) is an autoimmune disease that results in inflammation in many organs. The prevalenceof SLE is increasing and the mortality rate was high. Etiology of SLE has not known. However , several risk factors could be expected to affect the incidence of SLE . One of them is a history of drug allergies, especially antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the relationship between antibiotic allergy history and SLE after controlled by family history,other autoimmune disease, age of menarche, and smoking behavior in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. This study was conducted from April to July 2014 using case-control design. Cases were women SLE patients who went to Rheumatology Department Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Control were a female patient who went to Internist Department with individually matched at the age ( 3 years range ), and region. Data were analyzed with univariate, bivariate , and multivariate conditional logistic regression. The results showed that a history of antibiotic allergy tends to increase the incidence of SLE for 2.34 times ( OR = 2.34 , 95 % CI 0.66 to 8.22 ) after controlled by SLE family history, history of autoimmune, and smoking behavior. For the class of penicillin/cephalosporin, the risk increased to 2.75 times ( OR = 2.75 , 95 % CI 0.65 to 11.59) . Keywords : SLE , antibiotic allergy , matched case-control
Transition of epidemiology has made a non-communicable diseases becoming the new health problems in the world. Cervical cancer is one of the problems. Globocan study in 2008 have shown that cervical cancer is the second most common cancer that leading causes more than 80% of deaths in women living in developing countries. In Indonesia there are 15.000 new cases of cervical cancer reported each year.