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Many cities in the world beset by environmental problems, at least the worsening of air quality that are exposed by the current of air pollution is an integral part of the life of cities around the world. World Health Organization (WHO) includes 5 major cities in Indonesia in 1082 the results of monitoring of air pollution in 91 countries. Jakarta is ranked 238 with PM10 levels by 43 mikrogram/m3. The aim of this study is to analyze the big risk of PM10, SO2 and NO2 health exposure in weekdays, weekend, and free day car with 59 of motorcycle taxi drivers, cadgers, parkers, guards, and traffic polices in Bundaran HI Jl. MH Thamrin Jakarta area as the population. The design of study uses environmental health risk analysis method. The result of the study shows that in real time or life span calculation RQ value for risk agent PM10 is risky for the population health.
Bekasi is a growing city in West Java, the development of industrial sector amajor contribution to local revenue and local communities. It is directlyproportional to the increase in demand for motor vehicles is increasing andcontributing to the development of air pollution. Methodology This study uses thestudy of Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) by sampling ambient airalong the road until the intersection Bulak Anwar Bekasi Ships in 3 samplingpoints are at the intersection Anwar, Bekasi Terminal and Ship Bulak quarterBPLH Bekasi conducted during in 2012, while respondent data captured as manyas 64 respondents in the sampling location. The results of the study, the value ofrealtime intake TSP agent greatest risk to the average value at all points of the0.0110 mg / kg / day intake compared to 0.0018 mg / kg / day for SO2 and 0.0017mg / kg / day for NO2. RQ 4:14 realtime obtained for TSP, 0.0951 for SO2, and0.1196 for NO2. RQ values in SO2 and NO2 still has a value less than 1 (RQ <1),in contrast to the TSP RQ exceeds 1 (RQ> 1), so it needs to perform riskmanagement by reducing the concentration of TSP and subtraction contact time.Besides intake, dose-response values were determine RQ big or small. In thisstudy, researchers used the RFC 0.0026 which is the result of the conversion ofRFC PM10 at 0.0018.Keywords: Bekasi, Kendaraan Bermotor, ARKL, TSP, SO2, NO2, dose-response,Intake, Risk Quetient.
Air pollution standard index of Jakarta, the most critical parameters in KelapaGading. To estimate the health risk health risk analysis of PM10 and SO2 inKelapa Gading. Concentration risk agent obtained air monitoring station BPLHDfor 365 days. Weight, measured exposure time of 80 respondents. Health riskestimates are expressed in RQ, calculated from intake and risk agent referencedose. The health risks are considered at risk if RQ>1. The results showed RQPM10 and SO2 exposure risk is not realtime. Lifespan exposure to the maximumconcentration of PM10 risk for population health. Concentration of 118 μg/m3 ofPM10 is reduced to, a safe limit for all pupolasi.Keywords: Kelapa Gading, risk analysis, PM10, SO2
Abstrak Di Indonesia diperkirakan 70%. pencemaran udara bersumber pada emisi kendaraan bermotor. Dampak terbesar dari pencemaran udara adalah gangguan pernapasan. Sebagai upaya pengendalian emisi kendaraan dilakukan uji emisi kendaraan yang sejak 2005. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan korelasi hasil emisi kendaraan, kualitas udara dan faktor meteorologis terhadap kejadian ISPA, sepanjang 2010. Selain itu dilakukan pula survei pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku (PSP) terhadap 311 pemilik kendaraan mengenai kegiatan uji emisi kendaraan. Setelah dilakukan analisis diketahui angka kejadian ISPA di Jakarta sebesar 93 kasus/1000 penduduk, dengan kejadian terbesar di wilayah Jakarta Pusat, yaitu 215 kasus/1000 penduduk. Sedangkan analisis emisi kendaraan bermotor didapatkan presentase kendaraan bermotor dengan tahun pembuatan 2007 ke atas, yang tidak lulus uji emisi, paling besar adalah 23,6 % di wilayah Jakarta Selatan. Sedangkan, kualitas udara di wilayah Jakarta Pusat memiliki tingkat kosentrasi CO, SO2, O3 dan NO2 yang tinggi dibandingkan wilayah lain. Pada gambaran periode bulanan didapatkan angka kejadian ISPA tertinggi pada bulan Agustus 2010, sebesar 96,9 kasus/1000 penduduk. Begitu pula dengan presentase kendaraan bermotor dengan tahun pembuatan lebih dari 2007 yang tidak lulus uji emisi pada Agustus 2010 mencapai titik tertinggi sebesar 50%. Korelasi ini secara statistic dinyatakan signifikan dengan nilai p 0,0005. Kepada seluruh pemilik kendaraan bermotor diharapkan rutin melakukan perawatan kendaraan/uji emisi guna mengurangi polutan emisi kendaraan di DKI Jakarta.
Estimated air pollution originates from motor vehicle emissions, In Indonesia is 70%.. Meanwhile, the greatest impact of the air is pencemaraan respiratory distress. This research will be conducted on the correlation results of vehicle emissions, air quality and meteorological factors on the incidence of respiratory infections, during 2010. In addition it also conducted a survey of knowledge, attitudes and behavior (KAB) against 311 vehicle owners regarding vehicle emissions testing activities. After analyzing known incidence of ARI in Jakarta is 93 cases/1000 population, with the largest events in the area of Central Jakarta (215 cases/1000 population). While the analysis found in South Jakarta, 23.6% of motor vehicle with year of manufacture 2007 and up, did not pass the emissions test. Meanwhile, the air quality in Central Jakarta has a level of concentration of CO, SO2, O3 and NO2 Keywords: are higher than in other regions. The highest incidence rate of ARI in August 2010 (96.9 cases/1000 population). Similarly, the percentage of vehicles with year of manufacture 2007 and up, which did not pass the emissions test in August 2010 reached its highest point at 50%. This correlation is statistically significant (P=0,0005). It is suggest for vehicles owner to check their vechicle routinely/ doing emissions test, so that its can reduce pollution in Jakarta.
Abstrak
Potensi pencemar luar rumah (mis. industri meubel/kayu dan jalan raya) mempengaruhi kualitas udara dalam rumah, serta meningkatkan risiko ISPA pada anak balita. Di Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur ditemukan kasus ISPA sebesar 1.446 atau 17,55% dari total jumlah kasus. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran ISPA anak balita menurut kualitas udara dalam rumahnya di Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur tahun 2013. Besar sampel ditentukan menggunakan rumus Lemeshow (1997), dan didapat 120 sampel menggunakan teknik multistage sampling. Proporsi ISPA adalah sebesar 60%. Anak balita ISPA pada rumah dengan kualitas udara (PM10 dan NO2) tidak memenuhi syarat adalah sebesar 30 (83,3%) dan 71 (60,7%). Pada analisis multivariat, variabel ventilasi, penghuni rumah merokok, dan pemberian vitamin A, memiliki hubungan paling kuat dengan ISPA anak balita. Disimpulkan pajanan PM10 dengan konsentrasi tidak memenuhi syarat berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA, disamping variabel ventilasi, penghuni rumah merokok, dan pemberian vitamin A yang berfungsi meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap kejadian infeksi pada anak balita. Perlu dilakukan upaya penyehatan perumahan/pemukiman, promosi kesehatan (kampanye anti rokok), serta pemberian suplemen vitamin A pada anak balita
Potential outdoor pollutant sources (eg. furniture/timber industry and roadway) can affect indoor air quality in house, and increase acute respiratory infection (ARI) risk in children under five. In Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur, found 1.446 ARI cases or 17,55% to its total cases. This research use a cross sectional design, which aim to picture children under five’s ARI by its indoor air quality in house in Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur, in 2013. Sample size was determined by Lemeshow (1997) equation, then 120 samples had choosen using multistage sampling. 60% ARI’s proportion was reported in this research. There was 30 (83,3%) and 71 (60,7%) of unmeet standart indoor air quality in house (PMjo and NO2), children under five with ARI was reported. House ventilation, smoker in house, and vitamin A suplementation, had more significant relationship with childrenunder five’s ARI incident according to multivariate analysis result. It conclude that unmeet standard PM10, have significant relationship with children under five ARI incident, beside house ventilation, smoker in house, andvitamin A suplementation which can increase children under five immunity to any infection. Due to the research results, it advisable to measure a housing health programme, anti smoking campaign (health promotion programme), and vitamin A suplementation fo children under five programme
