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Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi obesitas pada pelajar SMP dan SMA sebesar 14,67%. Sedangkan proporsi obesitas pada remaja dengan pola makan fast food sering dan aktivitas fisik rendah adalah 20,54%, proporsi ini lebih tinggi dari pada proporsi obesitas pada remaja dengan pola makan fast food jarang dan aktivitas fisik cukup yaitu 9%. Analisis multivariat dengan uji cox regression menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara pola makan fast food dan aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas.
Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi fast food sering dan pola aktivitas fisik rendah secara bersama meningkatkan risiko obesitas dibandingkan dengan remaja yang jarang mengkonsumsi fast food dan memiliki aktivitas fisik cukup pada remaja SMP dan SMA di Indonesia tahun 2015 (PR 2,165 CI 95% 1,657-2,826), artinya remaja yang sering mengkonsumsi fast food dan memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah memiliki risiko untuk kejadian obesitas sebesar 2 kali dibandingkan remaja yang jarang mengkonsumsi fast food dan memiliki aktivitas fisik yang cukup setelah dikontrol variabel wilayah tempat tinggal, variabel konsumsi buah, konsumsi sayur dan variabel konsumsi soft drinks.
Peningkatan pencegahan obesitas berbasis program sekolah dapat dilakukan pada remaja SMP dan SMA di Indonesia dengan kegiatan mendukung perubahan perilaku (seperti penyuluhan pola makan dan aktivitas fisik yang baik), dan perbaikan lingkungan sekolah yang menunjang gaya hidup sehat (seperti penyediaan kantin yang bergizi, penyediaan fasilitas untuk olah raga yang memadai, serta meningkatkan fasilitas ekstrakurikuler di sekolah)
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death globally with a mortality rate of nearly 17.5 million annually. Smoking accounts for 33% and hypertension accounts for 31% of all deaths from cardiovascular disease. Smoking and hypertension are major risk factors for CHD, which are a serious problem that needs to be addressed in Indonesia and the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the greater risk of smoking and hypertension with the incidence of coronary heart disease in Indonesia. The study used a retrospective cohort design. The data used are secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-4 and IFLS-5 data for 2007-2014) with a total sample of 19,486 population respondents aged ≥18 years. Data analysis with cox regression and the amount of risk is expressed in risk ratio (RR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Data analysis using data processing software. The results of multivariate analysis after being controlled by sex and DM history showed that smoking individually was not related to CHD in Indonesia in 2007-2014 with a value (RR 1.08; 95% CI = 0.70- 1.67). Hypertension individually increases CHD risk (RR 1.19; 95% CI = 0.92-1.53). Smoking and hypertension together increase the risk of CHD compared to people who don't smoke and don't have hypertension in Indonesia in 2007-2014 (RR 1.66; 95% CI = 1.11-2.48) meaning that respondents who smoke and hypertension are at risk of experiencing CHD 1.66 times (95% CI; 1.11-2.48) compared to nonsmokers and those without hypertension.
Background: Coronary heart disease is a non-communicable disease. Risk faktors for coronary heart disease include hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. According to Riskesdas data in 2013, the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 0.5%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 1.5%. Then there is an increase in respondents who suffer from coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart and other parts of the body. The plaque consists of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the arteries. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which can partially or completely block blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease Methods: This analysis uses univariate analysis to determine the proportion of research variables, bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between variables, stratification analysis to determine the presence of confounding and modification effects. Multivariate analysis to determine the final model. This study used a cross sectional design. Results: found coronary heart disease variables 1.44%, hypertension and obesity 9.77%, hypertension and not obesity 9.64%, not hypertension and obesity 22.04%, not hypertension and not obesity 58.55%. And the relationship of hypertension and obesity to coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables. Conclusion: The relationship of the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables
Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan tantangan kesehatan global yang sering dikaitkan dengan rendahnya kepatuhan pasien dalam terapi, dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial dan budaya. Budaya Minangkabau dengan sistem kekerabatan matrilineal berpotensi mendukung pengelolaan hipertensi melalui peran Bundo Kanduang, mamak, dan sistem Saiyo Sakato. Namun, belum ada model intervensi berbasis budaya yang terstruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan dan menguji efek model dukungan sosial "Saiyo Sakato" dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku pengendalian hipertensi dengan melibatkan keluarga dan kader kesehatan.
Tujuan penelitian untuk mengembangkan dan menguji efek model dukungan sosial "Saiyo Sakato" dari kekerabatan matrilineal dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku pengendalian hipertensi, dengan melibatkan peran aktif keluarga dan kader kesehatan di komunitas Minangkabau.
Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode Mixed Method Exploratory Sekuensial dalam tiga tahap: kualitatif, pengembangan model, dan uji model. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan FGD pasien hipertensi, keluarga, tokoh adat, dan tenaga kesehatan untuk mengeksplorasi nilai budaya Minangkabau dalam pengelolaan hipertensi. Hasilnya digunakan untuk mengembangkan model dukungan sosial "Saiyo Sakato" dalam bentuk modul intervensi. Model ini diuji dengan kuasi-eksperimen menggunakan desain pre-test dan post-test pada kelompok intervensi (n=53) dan kontrol (n=106). Analisis data dilakukan dengan General Linear Model Repeated Measures dan Difference in Difference (DiD) Analysis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model dukungan sosial "Saiyo Sakato" secara signifikan meningkatkan pengetahuan (p=0,000<0,05), sikap (p=0,005<0,05), dan perilaku pengendalian hipertensi (p=0,000<0,05) pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Model dukungan sosial “Saiyo Sakato” terbukti memliki efek dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dengan peningkatan skor pengetahuan 8.15, peningkatan skor sikap 3.66 dan peningkatan skor perilaku pengendalian hipertensi 11.09 poin lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol.
Kesimpulan Model "Saiyo Sakato" efektif dalam meningkatkan pengelolaan hipertensi berbasis komunitas. Implementasinya direkomendasikan untuk program kesehatan di wilayah dengan budaya serupa.
Background: Hypertension is a global health challenge often associated with poor patient adherence to therapy, influenced by social and cultural factors. The Minangkabau culture, with its matrilineal kinship system, has the potential to support hypertension management through the roles of Bundo Kanduang, mamak, and the Saiyo Sakato system. However, no structured culturally based intervention model currently exists. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the Saiyo Sakato social support model in improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to hypertension management by involving families and community health cadres.
Methods: This study employed a Mixed Method Exploratory approach in three stages: qualitative research, model development, and model testing. The qualitative phase involved interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with patients, families, cultural figures, and healthcare workers to explore Minangkabau cultural values in hypertension management. The findings were used to develop the Saiyo Sakato social support model in the form of an intervention module. The model was tested using a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test assessments in an intervention group (n=53) and a control group (n=106). Data analysis was conducted using the General Linear Model Repeated Measures and Difference in Difference (DiD) Analysis.
Results: The Saiyo Sakato model significantly improved knowledge (p=0.000<0.05), attitudes (p=0.005<0.05), and hypertension management behaviors (p=0.000<0.05) in the intervention group compared to the control group. The active roles of Bundo Kanduang and health cadres in supporting hypertension patients contributed significantly to the intervention's success. Additionally, family social support encouraged adherence to therapy and lifestyle modifications. The integration of Minangkabau cultural values into health education enhanced patient and family engagement in hypertension management programs.
Conclusion: The culturally based Saiyo Sakato model is effective in improving community-based hypertension management. Its implementation is recommended for integration into community health programs, particularly in regions with similar social and cultural structures.
