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Keselamatan pasien (patient safety) rumah sakit adalah suatu sistem dimana rumah sakit membuat asuhan pasien lebih aman. Sistem tersebut meliputi: assesmen resiko, identifikasi dan pengelolaan hal yang berhubungan dengan risiko pasien, dan seterusnya. Sejak dideklarasikannya pelaksanaan Patient Safety di Rumah Sakit X pada tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2011, tercatat Insiden Keselamatan Pasien (IKP) sebanyak 171 kasus, dimana IKP paling banyak yaitu sekitar 60% terjadi di pelayanan rawat inap. Melalui penelitian ini, dianalisis penyebab terjadinya IKP di ruang perawatan Rumah Sakit X. Studi dilakukan terhadap 100 perawat pelaksana dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional untuk melihat bentuk hubungan antara variabel individu, kompleksitas pengobatan, kerjama, gangguan/ interupsi, komunikasi, Standar Prosedur Operasional, dan kenyamanan tempat kerja terhadap kejadian IKP.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel karakteristik individu, yang terdiri dari usia, masa kerja, dan kompetensi; dan variabel kerja sama yang memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian IKP dengan nilai P value masing-masing sebesar 0.028, 0.010, 0.028, dan 0.012. Dengan kata lain variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian IKP adalah variabel karakteristik individu sehingga hasil studi ini bisa menjadi pertimbangan bagi Bagian SDM, Komite Keperawatan dan Bagian Keperawatan Rumah Sakit X dalam melakukan seleksi dan pengembangan SDM Keperawatan dalam upaya meningkatkan keselamatan pasien.
Patient safety is a system to make patient care become safer. The systems include risk assessment, identifying and managing the risks associated with patient, and so on. Since the patient safety program has been declared in "X" Hospital in 2009 until 2011, there are 171 cases recorded as a number of the patient safety incident (PSI), most cases about 60% occur in inpatient unit. Through this study, determinants of PSI in inpatient unit X Hospital are analyzed. Study is applied to 100 nursing staffs by cross sectional study design in order to observe the correlation between variable of individual characteristic, medication complexity, teamwork, interruption, communication, standard of procedure operational, and work place comfortable to PSI.
Result shows that there is a significant correlation between variable of individual characteristic (include age, working time, and levels of competence) and teamwork to PSI, with the P value: 0.028, 0.010, 0.028, and 0.012. In other word, the most significant variable to PSI is individual characteristic variable so it could be a consideration to recruit and do improvement based on patient safety by Human Resources, Nursing Committee and Nursing Unit of X Hospital.
Latar belakang: Pelaporan Insiden Keselamatan Pasien (IKP) penting untuk memahami penyebab insiden dan meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Tingkat pelaporan IKP oleh perawat di RSJPDHK tahun 2023 hanya 15,9%, menunjukkan masih banyak insiden yang tidak dilaporkan dan akan melemahkan kapasitas sistem pelaporan untuk mendorong pembelajaran. Penelitian terdahulu (2014-2023) mengidentifikasi bahwa faktor individu, psikologis, dan organisasi sebagai determinan penerapan pelaporan IKP.
Tujuan: Mengetahui determinan individu, psikologis, dan organisasi yang berkaitan dengan penerapan pelaporan IKP oleh perawat di RSJPDHK tahun 2024.
Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus dilakukan pada bulan Juli – Oktober 2024. Penelitian ini melibatkan lima orang kepala unit kerja dan dua orang dari Komite Mutu melalui wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen.
Hasil: Penerapan pelaporan IKP meningkat pada tahun 2022-2024, namun belum merata di seluruh unit kerja. Perawat yang rutin melaporkan IKP menunjukkan pengetahuan yang lebih baik dan motivasi yang lebih tinggi. Hambatan psikologis lebih sedikit dirasakan pada perawat yang aktif melapor. Determinan organisasi yang paling banyak mendapat respon negatif meliputi supervisi kepala unit, pelatihan, dan dukungan manajemen berupa champion keselamatan pasien.
Kesimpulan: Akar permasalahan belum meratanya penerapan pelaporan IKP di RSJPDHK yaitu pelatihan yang belum efektif dan ketiadaan instrumen yang merinci pelaksanaan supervisi kepala unit dan uraian aktivitas champion keselamatan pasien.
Background: Patient Safety Incident (PSI) reporting is crucial for understanding the causes of incidents, which serve as a basis for improving patient safety. The PSI reporting rate by nurses at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita (NCCHK) in 2023 was 15,9%, indicating that many incidents remain unreported, which weakens the reporting system’s capacity to drive learning. Previous research (2014-2023) identified individual, psychological, and organizational factors as determinants of PSI reporting implementation. Objective: To identify individual, psychological, and organizational determinants related to the implementation of PSI reporting by nurses at NCCHK in 2024. Method: A qualitative study with a case study design was conducted from July-October 2024. The study involved five units head and two members from the Quality Committee through in-depth interviews and document reviews. Results: The implementation of PSI reporting increased from 2022-2024 but remains inconsistent across all units. Nurses who regularly report PSI demonstrated better knowledge and higher motivation. Psychological barriers were less prominent among nurses who actively reported incidents. Organizational determinants receiving the most negative responses included unit head supervision, training, and patient safety champions. Conclusion: The root causes are ineffective training, the absence of detailed instruments outlining unit head supervision and specific activities for patient safety champions.
The JKN program was launched in 2014 to provide wider access to health services for Indonesian citizens and even foreigners. The growth rate of JKN participants is increasing, from the lower classes of society as well as the rich people who. In the higher-class community, there is a tendency to demand extra services with upgrading class. There are factors that influence the patient's decision. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the characteristics of JKN patients and the decision to upgrading class. This study uses a retrospective study design and a cross-sectional method, using secondary data from the medical records of patients and data on claims for JKN patients from January 1 to December 31, 2019. 171 samples studied, the patients who decide to upgrade to the VIP class mostly are female, JKN Workers participant segment, most of them make the decision based on the patient's wishes even though the inpatient room is available, and for non-surgical treatment. There is a significant relationship between gender, education and the availability of the rooms on the decision of JKN patients to upgrade the class. JKN participant segmentation and treatment measures did not have a significant relationship
Patient safety culture (PSC) is the application of patient care systems in theorganization which are reflected in the attitudes, behaviors, skills,communication, leadership, knowledge, responsibility, and values that exist inhealth care workers. This study aims to determine the organizational behaviorbased on the characteristics of individuals, groups and organizations on patientsafety culture by nurses on inpatient units in Hermina Hospital Daan Mogot(HHDM). The design of this study using cross-sectional method with respondentsfrom all (111) nurses on inpatient units in HHDM. Questionnaire data wereanalyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyzes. The resultsshowed the characteristics of an individual, group characteristics andorganizational characteristics of the PSC in HHDM is good. Results PSCinpatient nurses HHDM shows good value. Responsibility to be the only variablethat did not match while the leadership were most associated with PSC.Keywords: patient safety culture, patient safety, organizational behavior,individual characteristics, group characteristics, organizationalcharacteristics, nurse.
Pelaporan kesalahan pelayanan merupakan usaha untuk memperbaiki sistem pelayanan dalam mencapai pelayanan yang aman. RSUD Kab Bekasi dalam mengembangkan program keselamatan pasien sejak tahun 2009, yang terlihat dari laporan tahunan program keselamatan pasien, terdapat indikasi perlunya peningkatan kesadaran setiap personil dalam melaporkan kesalahan pelayanan, termasuk perawat pelaksana di unit rawat inap rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur persepsi perawat pelaksana dalam melaporkan kesalahan pelayanan serta mencari hubungannya dengan budaya keselamatan pasien, gaya kepemimpinan, dan kerja tim. Penelitian dirancang dengan disain cross sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat ukur. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan November 2011.Responden merupakan keseluruhan perawat pelaksana di unit rawat inap RSUD Kab. Bekasi dan didapatkan 77 kuesioner yang dapat dianalisa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara univariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan metode component based structural equation modeling dengan aplikasi komputer SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan budaya keselamatan pasien, gaya kepemimpinan, kerja tim dan persepsi pelaporan kesalahan pelayanan oleh perawat dalam penilaian sedang. Didapatkan pula adanya pengaruh baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung budaya keselamatan pasien, gaya kepemimpinan, dan kerja tim terhadap persepsi pelaporan kesalahan pelayanan oleh perawat. Total pengaruh sebesar 89%. Persamaan linier yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah persepsi pelaporan kesalahan = 0,12.budaya keselamatan pasien + 0,30.kepemimpinan transaksional ? 0,22.kepemimpinan transformasional + 0,37.kerja tim + 0,26. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan perlunya peningkatan faktor-faktor yang terbukti memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan pelaporan dapat menjadi dasar usaha perbaikan. Terdapat pula faktor-faktor lain yang tidak masuk dalam model penelitian ini yang mempengaruhi perawat dalam melaporkan kesalahan pelayanan yang masih perlu digali agar pelaporan kesalahan pelayanan di masa depan dapat meningkat.
Reporting errors is an attempt to improve the system in achieving a safe service. From a report in 2010 in RSUD Kab. Bekasi seen that the number of cases or incidents reported has increased, but still needs to improve awareness of any personnel, including nurse in inpatient units. The aim of this study is to measure the nurse?s perception in the reporting of sevice delivery errors and to find a relationship between the behavior to other factors: patient safety culture, leadership style, and team work. This study was using cross-sectional design by questionnaire as a measuring tool. Data was collected in November 2011 from the entire nurse at the inpatient unit of the hospital as respondens. There are 77 questionnaires that can be analyzed. The data obtained were analyzed using multivariate methods by component-based structural equation modeling with computer applications SmartPLS. The results of this study suggest patient safety culture, leadership style, teamwork and the perception of service delivery error reporting by nurses are in intermediate conditions. It was found that there are relationship obtained either directly or indirectly from patient safety culture, leadership style, and teamwork to service delivery error reporting by nurses. This research model can explain the real state of 89%. Linier equation from this model is reporting perception = 0,12.patient safety culture + 0,30.transactional leader ? 0,22.transformational leader + 0,37.team work+ 0,26. From this study it can be concluded that factors that are proven to provide positive influence of this research can be the basis of improvement efforts. In addition, there are other factors that are not included in this study that should be considered that better reporting of medical errors.
This research was motivated by the occurrence of pending claims of BPJS Kesehatan inpatients at Hasanah Graha Afiah General Hospital (RSU HGA) in the service month of January to December 2022 as many as 493 files from a total of 5,603 files (8.8%). The total bills that experienced delays in claim payment amounted to Rp3,924,719,300 from the total submitted Rp27,912,112,900 (14.06%). The occurrence of pending claims at HGA Hospital should not occur or can be minimized if claims management can be managed properly. Therefore, this study aims to identify the causes of pending claims of BPJS Kesehatan inpatients at HGA General Hospital, as well as provide alternative solutions for managing BPJS Kesehatan inpatient claims at HGA General Hospital. This research is a case study research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out at the Casemix Unit, Inpatient Installation, and Medical Record Installation of HGA Hospital, from April to May 2023. Data sources include primary data and secondary data. Primary data are taken by means of in-depth interviews and observations, while secondary data through document review and literature review. The results showed a picture of pending claims for BPJS Kesehatan inpatients at HGA Hospital in 2022, including those related to filling out medical resumes (33.1%), BPJS Kesehatan confirmation requests related to medical problems and coding (33.1%), incomplete claim support files (17.6%), inaccuracy in providing medical action codes (3.6%), primary (2.8%) and secondary (2.1%) diagnoses, claims administration discrepancies (3.5%), and outbreak cases claimed to BPJS Kesehatan (4.2%). There was a delay in submitting BPJS Kesehatan claims by HGA Hospital to BPJS Kesehatan with an average delay of 5.7 days. Pending claims and delays in submitting HGA hospital claims are caused by input and process factors. Input factors include man factors, namely related to the number and competence of human resources, money, namely the availability of staff training funds, methods, namely the availability of internal hospital regulations, and machines, namely hospital information systems. Meanwhile, process factors include the completeness and timeliness of filling out medical resumes, the lack of attaching supporting evidence for claim files, the accuracy of providing disease codes and procedures, requests for confirmation by BPJS Kesehatan verifiers related to medical problems and coding, and claim administration. The researcher suggested to the management of HGA Hospital to conduct a review of the Workload Analysis (ABK) of the Casemix Unit and the placement of coder staff positions, improve the competence of officers through training both internal and external, develop information systems owned by the hospital for socialization, monitoring and evaluation purposes related to BPJS Kesehatan claim management, develop reward and punishment policies to specialists, as well as implementing SIMRS risk management. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the development of BPJS Kesehatan claim management policies at HGA General Hospital.
