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Latar belakang: Angka kejadian HIV/AIDS di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Walaupun angka kematian berhasil ditekan namun klinik Teratai Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin melaporkan angka loss to follow-up (LTFU) di tahun 2008 lebih tinggi daripada angka kematian. Kepatuhan berobat di awal terapi diketahui berpengaruh terhadap retensi berobat.Metode: Penelitian ini menganalisis kohort sebanyak 412 orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) yang berobat ARV di klinik Teratai Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin pada Januari 2008 hingga Desember 2012 berusia 15 tahun ke atas dan bertempat tinggal di kota Bandung sebagai subyek. Kepatuhan berobat dinilai dari apakah subyek selalu mengambil obat dalam 3 bulan pertama terapi. Subyek dinyatakan tidak patuh jika sekali saja tidak mengambil obat. Subyek yang meninggal dunia atau LTFU setelah menjalani minimal 3 bulan terapi dinyatakan sebagai atrisi. LTFU ialah tidak datang berturut-turut selama 3 bulan dan tidak ada kabar serta tidak berhasil dihubungi oleh staf klinik. Subyek yang tidak mengalami atrisi dinyatakan sebagai retensi. Data dianalisa menggunakan regresi Cox Proportional Hazards untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepatuhan berobat di 3 bulan awal terapi terhadap retensi berobat dalam 5 tahun.Hasil: Subyek yang mengalami atrisi adalah sebanyak 19,9% dimana 4,6% meninggal dan 15,3% LTFU. Proporsi subyek yang tidak patuh dalam 3 bulan pertama terapi adalah 28,9%. Subyek yang tidak patuh di 3 bulan awal terapi mempunyai adjHR sebesar 1,27 (95% CI 0,75-2,17) terhadap LTFU dan adjHR sebesar 1,73 (95% CI 1,11-2,70) terhadap atrisi.
Kesimpulan: Proporsi subyek di klinik Teratai yang tidak patuh berobat dan yang mengalami atrisi masih tinggi. Ketidakpatuhan berobat di 3 bulan pertama terapi berpengaruh buruk terhadap retensi berobat hingga 5 tahun.
Background: HIV/AIDS incidence rate in Indonesia is still increasing. Although case fatality rate (CFR) is decreasing, Teratai Clinic at Hasan Sadikin Hospital reported higher loss to follow-up (LTFU) than CFR in 2008. Early ARV therapy adherence is reported to be associated with therapy retention.
Methods: This study analyzed a cohort of 412 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) iniating ARV therapy in Teratai Clinic of Hasan Sadikin Hospital around January 2008 - December 2012, age 15 year old or older and living in Bandung city as subjects. Adherence is assessed by whether or not subject always pick up medication in initial 3 months therapy. Subject considered as nonadherent if missed at least one medication. Dead or LTFU subject after 3 months therapy will be classified as attrition. LTFU defined as missing medication for 3 months in a row without any report or which unable to be contacted by clinic staff. Subject who is not classified as attrition will be considered as retention. Data were analyzed by Cox Regression Proportional Hazards to find out the association between adherence in 3 months initial therapy and 5 years retention.
Results: Proportion of subjects which classified as attrition is 19.9%; 4.6% dead and 15.3% LTFU. Proportion of subjects which classified as nonadherent in 3 months intial therapy is 28.9%. Nonadherent subjects in 3 months initial therapy had adjHR 1.27 (95% CI 0.75-2.17) to LTFU and adjHR 1.73 (95% CI 1.11-2.70) to attrition.Conclusions: The proportion of nonadherent and attrition in subjects at Teratai clinic is still high. Nonadherent in 3 months initial therapy had bad association to 5 years retention.
ABSTRAK Retensi ARV Pada Pasien HIV Berdasarkan CD4 Awal Terapi ARV di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta Dari Tahun 2011 – 2014 Musa Rapang Perbedaan tingkatan imunodefesiensi memberikan kondisi klinis yang berbeda. Dampak perbedaan imunodefesiensi akan diperoleh retensi ARV yang berbeda pada tingkat imunodefesiensi berat dan sedang. Pasien dengan sistem imun yang baik (CD4 tinggi) kemungkinan akan memiliki retensi yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah perbedaan retensi ARV pada pasien HIV AIDS berdasarkan CD4 saat terapi ARV di RSPI Sulianti Saroso Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif menggunakan 223 sampel yang diambil dari data rekam medik rumah sakit dari tahun 2011 – 2014 dengan waktu pengamatan selama satu tahun. Pasien yang retensi ada 70.85% dengan insident rate lost to follow up 2.9 per 100 orang bulan. Retensi ARV pada pasien dengan CD4 200-350 sel/mm lebih baik dengan HRadj lost to follow up sebesar 0.27 (CI 95% : 0.1 – 0.8) kali lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien dengan CD4 <200 sel/mm 3 . Selain itu pasien memiliki CD4 200350 sel/mm 3 pada stadium awal memiliki risiko lost to follow up yang lebih tinggi dengan HRadj 1.10 (CI 95% : 0.5 – 2.4) kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien yang memiliki CD4 < 200 sel/mm 3 pada stadium awal. Perlu dilakukan monitoring klinis, eduksi dan dukungan kepada pasien tentang manfaat ARV khususnya pada pasien dengan CD4 <200 sel/mm 3 . Kata kunci : Retensi ARV, CD4 Awal, lost to follow up
ABSTRACT ARV Retention HIV Patients Based On Early CD4 Therapy In Hospital Infection Disease of Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta From Years 2011 - 2014 Musa Rapang The difference in the level of imunodefesiensi provide different clinical conditions. The impact will be acquired at different ARV retention rate of severe and moderate imunodefesiensi. HIV Patients with a good immune system (CD4 high) possibility have poor retention on antiretroviral drugs, so that the patient will tend to experience a lost to follow up. The purpose of this study was to see whether the difference in retention of antiretroviral drugs in HIV-AIDS patients by CD4 time ARV therapy in hospital Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta. This research using retrospective cohort design using 223 samples taken from hospital medical records from the years 20112014 with the observation time for one year. The number of patients there was 70.85% retention with number incidents of lost to follow-up rate of 2.9 per 100 person-months. Retention ARV based on baseline CD4 200-350 cells / mm better with HRadj of lost to follow-up at 0.27 (CI 95% :0.1 – 0.8) times slower compared to patients with CD4 <200 cells / mm 3 in the early stages having lost to follow-up speed faster with HRadj 1.10 (CI 95% :0.5 – 2.4) times faster compared with patients with CD4 <200 cells/mm 3 . In addition patients had CD4 200-350 cells / mm 3 early stage. Needed to monitoring, education and supporting to patient for benfit to use ARV especially to patient with CD4 <200 cells/mm 3 . Keywords: Retention ARV, CD4 Earlier, Lost to follow up
Kata Kunci: ASI eksklusif, Monitoring konseling laktasi, Ibu Hamil
Most child deaths in Indonesia occur in the first month of life. Possible children die at different ages, 19 per thousand during neonatal period, 15 per thousand from the age of 2 to 11 months and 10 per thousand from the age of one to five years (UNICEF, 2012). Only 39% of all babies in the world are exclusively breastfed (WHO 2002), whereas exclusive breastfeeding is known to prevent 13% of under-five mortality. Breastfeeding practices in developing countries have saved 1.5 million babies per year from mortality and morbidity. Based on InfoDatin 2015, it is known that K4 reaches 90%, while exclusive breastfeeding achieves only 65%. So also in Pringsewu district in 2015 K4 reached 85% but exclusive breastfeeding achievement is only 60%. There is a gap between pregnant women who receive health services and exclusive breastfeeding behaviors. The research method used in this research is quasi experiment. The sample size was 84 pregnant and lactating women, consisting of pre-test and posttest of intervention and control. The results showed that there was a significant influence between lactation counseling monitoring and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.017 OR = 8,636; 95% CI: 1,5-46,8), meaning that the mother who was given lactation counseling monitoring had an opportunity of 8.63 times For exclusive breastfeeding compared to unmonitored mothers. The need for monitoring and evaluation is not scheduled for BPS Bidan Delima always consistent and committed to apply SOP on every health service delivery and give reward and punismen so that BPS pomegranate midwife motivated to continuously improve health service quality
Kata kunci:Waria, faktor, HIV, IMS
HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) are public health problem that veryimportant to be considered. As key population of HIV transmissions, Transgender needto be given special intention so its transmission to the general population can beprevented. Based on the Integrated Biological and Behaviour Survey (IBSS) 2011 and2015, the prevalence of STI such as syphilis, clamidia, and gonorrhea on Transgender hasdecreased, while HIV prevalence has increased from 22% to 25%. This study discussesthe factors related to the incidence of HIV and STI among Transgender in 5 cities inIndonesia using data Integrated Biological Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in 2015. Thisstudy is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study design followed the design ofthe study on IBBS 2015. The result showed that factors related to HIV dan STI onTransgender in 5 cities are age, education, employment, comprehensive knowledge,consistency of use of condoms, consistency of the use of lubricant, number of anal sexpartners, use of injectable drugs, use of silicone injections, alcohol consumption beforesex, HIV tests, and visits to STI services. The results of the this study showed that the useof silicone injections was the most influential factor on the status of HIV on Transgenderin 5 cities in Indonesia (OR = 1.68).
Key words:Transgender, factors, HIV, STI.
Hasil analisis menunjukan prevalensi pneumonia pada anak di Indonesia adalah 5.4% sedangkan cakupan imunisasi campak 82.57%. Pemberian imunisai campak disertai dengan pemberian vitamin A dapat mencegah terjadinya kejadian pneumonia pada anak umur 12-59 bulan sebesar 26,5%. Intervensi pemberian imunisasi campak disertai pemberian vitamin A dilakukan sebagai upaya yang efektif dalam penurunan kejadian pneumonia sehingga dapat dijadiakan salah satu alternative yang dapat disarankan dalam upaya preventif.
Kata kunci : Pneumonia, Campak, Pengendalian, Ana
HIV has created major global health problem and so far it has claimed more than 32 million lives. One of the causes of HIV/AIDS was sexual risk factors including bisexual, homosexual, and heterosexual. The highest HIV-AIDS transmission through heterosexuals was 38.4% which tends to increase by 2-3% in a year, while homosexuals was 15.7% in Bandung. Based on this, the researcher wants to know the distribution HIV and AIDS cases by age, sex and died based on sexual orientation groups in Bandung. This research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design with secondary data on HIV and AIDS surveillance in 2019 conducted by the Public Health Office in Bandung. The inclusion criteria in this study were all populations of sexual risk factor groups consisting of bisexual, homosexual and heterosexual. Data analysis in this study used the chisquare test with a confidence level of 95%. Total sample in this study were 609 respondents consisting of bisexual groups (32 respondents), homosexuals (287 respondents) and heterosexuals (290 respondents). Respondents with AIDS were more common in the heterosexual group (30.3%) compared to homosexuals (22.3%) and bisexuals (18.8%). HIV was more common in the bisexual group (81.3%) compared to the homosexual group (77.7%) and heterosexual (69.7%). Age is significantly related to the homosexual group. Age and sex factors do not have a significant with HIV and AIDS in the heterosexual group. Further research especially on demographic variables is needed to explain the effect of socio- demographic factors with the incidence of HIV and AIDS based on sexual orientation groups.
