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ABSTRAK Gangguan pernapasan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada bayi/balita. Pembakaran batu kapur yang terletak di Desa Tamansari Kabupaten Karawang gangguan pernapasan masih menempati urutan teratas dari data 10 besar penyakit yang diderita oleh bayi/balita. Partikel debu dari proses pembakaran batu kapur merupakan salah satu pencemar terhadap udara lingkungan yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi PM10 dalam rumah yang berdampak buruk pada masalah gangguan pernapasan penghuni rumah termasuk bayi dan balita yang sangat rentan terhadap bahan pencemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan antara konsentrasi PM10 dalam rumah dengan gangguan pernapasan pada bayi dan balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi crosssectional dengan besar sampel 130 bayi/balita. Data PM10 dan variabel lainnya dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran, interview dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan gangguan pernapasan pada bayi/balita adalah PM10 dalam rumah (4,92; 2,25-10,74), ventilasi (2,62; 1,18-5,79), jenis dinding (2,33; 1,10-4,95), kelembaban (2,35; 1,10-5,04), suhu (2,44; 1,15-5,18), asap rokok (5,40; 1,74-16,75), dan pendidikan ibu (2,86; 1,16-7,07) dengan kejadian gangguan pernapasan. Disimpulkan bahwa Kelompok yang berisiko ( konsentrasi PM10 > 70 μg/m3) 13,42 kali berpeluang untuk mengalami gangguan pernapasan dibandingkan pada kelompok yang tidak berisiko (konsentrasi PM10 ≤ 70 μg/m3).
ABSTRACT Respiratory disease is a health problem that often occur on infants/young children. Limestone combustion located around the village of Tamansari, Karawang District and respiratory disease still tops the list of 10 diseases suffered by infants/young children. Dust particles from the process of limestone combustion is one of the environmental air pollutants that affect indoor PM10 concentration. This can adversely affect the respiratory disease inside the household, including infants/young children who are vulnerable to pollutants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the indoor PM10 concentration and respiratory diseases in infants/young children. Study design was cross-sectional, conducted on 130 infants/young children. PM10 and data of other variables collected through measurement, interviews and observation. The results showed that the variables significantly associated with respiratory diseases in infants/young children are indoor PM10 (4.92; 2.25-10.74), ventilation (2.62; 1.18-5.79), type of wall (2.33; 1.10-4.95), humidity (2.35; 1.10-5.04), temperature (2.44; 1.15-5.18), smoking family members (5.40 ; 1.74-16.75), maternal education (2.86; 1.16-7.07) with the occurrence of respiratory disease. Risk analysis shows that at-risk group (PM10 concentrations>70 μg/m3) are 13,42 times have the risk experiencing respiratory disorders than the non-risk group (PM10 concentrations ≤ 70 μg/m3).
Kata kunci: PM2,5; gangguan fungsi paru, ibu rumah tangga
Air pollution from the transportation, industrial and domestic activities are problems forpublic health in Indonesia. Cement processing releases many particulates in the air, evenwith transport activities for its distribution. According to data obtained from the annualreport of Klapanunggal Puskesmas from 2016-2018, most respiratory diseases are in thevillages around the cement industry. This study aims to analyze the correlation of PM2.5concentration in household with impaired lung function among housewife aroundcement industry area, Klapanunggal sub-district. This study used a cross-sectional studyconducted in April-May 2018. The sample size is 97 housewives aged 20-55 years.Measurement of PM2.5 concentration was done by using Haz-Dust EPAM 5000 andpulmonary function measurement was done by spirometry test using spirometer tool.The results showed that the average concentration of PM2.5 in the house air was 70.51μg/m3. All samples had impaired restrictive lung function and 8.2% of them hadimpaired obstructive lung function. The result of bivariate analysis showed that therewas no significant correlation between PM2.5 concentration with restrictive lungfunction disorder in housewife in Kecamatan Klapanunggal with p value = 0,199.Monitoring and counseling needs to be done to the public about how to maintain thequality of house air as well as working with local universities or environmental healthagencies and seek fo regular lung function checks for the community.
Key words: PM2.5, impaired lung function, housewive.
Kata Kunci: Analisis spasial, PM2,5 dalam rumah, penurunan fungsi paru
Kata kunci : Gangguan fungsi paru, Industri pemotongan batu, PM2,5
PM2,5 concentration on the air can affect health when inhaled by human. It will bedeposited in the alveoli that could inflict an inflammatory reaction that causereduce lung volume and decreasing the lung function in human. Workers whowork in stone carving craft industry had a high risk of PM2,5 exposure that resultedfrom the process of cutting, forming and refining by using grinder. This crosssectional study purposed to assess the relationship between exposure of PM2,5 dustand impaired lung function among 100 workers who had fulfilled the inclusionand exclusion criteria in the Allakuang village, Maritengngae subdistrict, SidrapDistrict, South Sulawesi Province. Lung function was assessed by spirometry.PM2,5 concentration in the workspace was assessed by Haz dust EPAM 5000.Logistic regression analysis was carried out and showed a significant correlationbetween the PM2,5 concentration with impaired lung function (4,2; 1,68- 10.38).Another determinant factor was the work duration (2.4; 1,05-5,52) and wind speed(4,8; 1.93-11.77). Multivariate analysis showed that worker who work on thework space with high concentration of PM2,5 tend to have 6.86 times higher risk ofsuffering from impaired lung function after adjusted by wind speed, humidity,temperature, work duration and using PPE (Personal protective equipment). Therewas significant association between the level of dust exposure with impaired lungfunction. Hence, it is necessary to control the dust exposure.The finding of thisstudy could be used as a consideration of health and safety programsimplementation among workers and monitoring the implementation of work spaceand also the surveillance of occupational health.
Key words: impaired lung function, Stone cutting industry, PM2,5
Environmental problems that can not be avoided in various countries is air pollution. There are many causes of air pollution, one of which is caused by dust particles, especially in PM2,5. PM2,5 is defined as ambient air particles that are up to 2.5 microns in size. Air pollution occurs not only in the ambient air, but also in the indoor air. This study aim to determine the relationship of indoor PM2,5 concentration exposure against lung function impairment of adults living around Industrial Area Tegalratu Village, Ciwandan District, Cilegon. This research uses a cross-sectional study design. Data collection was conducted on April to May 2022. The participants were identified using random sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been set. The number of samples in this study were 200 adults. The analytical results obtained of 124 adults (87.3%) had PM2,5 concentrations in their homes were not qualified to suffer from lung function impairment, while there were 34 adults (58.6%) whose PM2,5 concentrations in their homes were qualified to suffer from lung function impairment. The results of this study found a significant associated between exposure to PM2,5 concentrations of lung function impairment in adults living in industrial areas. Confounding variables that affect exposure to PM2,5 concentrations include the use of mosquito coils, nutritional status, age, disease history, cooking fuels, type of house floor and smoking status. The conclusion of this study found a significant relationship between PM2,5 concentration, age, nutritional status, and type of house floor with the incidence of lung function impairment.
Kata kunci:Polusi udara dalam ruang, PM2,5, Asma
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease (inflammation). Asthma is adisease with low fatalities yet the case is quite common in the society. WHO estimates 100-150 million people of the world suffer from asthma and will continue to grow by 180,000 people every year. Asthma in adulthood can be caused by air pollution. Housewives who live in settlements around the cement industry and spend most of their time in the home with various household activities is at risk of exposure to particulate pollutants (PM2.5). This study aims to identify the relationship between PM2.5 concentrations in the home with asthma on housewives at settlement around cement industry Klapanunggal sub-District. The study used a cross-sectional study conducted in April-May 2018. The sample size is 110 housewives with simple random sampling method. The average concentration of PM2.5 in the house is 50.5 μg / m3. Found as many as 30% of housewives suffered from asthma. The result showed no significant correlation between PM2.5 concentration in house with asthma on housewife at settlement around cement industry Klapanunggal sub district, but there is still one confounding variable, that is kitchen smoke hole where p = 0.013; OR = 3.52 (1.38-8.93). This study confirms that there is a relationship between PM2.5 concentrations in the home and asthma on housewives who are affected by the physical environment of the home, the source of home pollutants, as well as certain individual factors. Risk control is required with ventilation arrangements for air exchange, non-smoking within the home, no use of risky fuels, no use of mosquito coils, and controlling the obesity status.
Keywords: Indoor air pollution, PM2.5, Asthma
PM2.5 dust exposure in the workplace will generally cause obstruction of the respiratory tract which is indicated by decreased lung function. Limestone industry workers are at great risk for the accumulation of inhaled dust in the respiratory tract. The absorption of dust exposed particles occurs through the respiratory mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between PM2.5 dust exposure and impaired lung function in limestone processing industry workers in Nagari Tanjung Gadang, Lareh Sago Halaban District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. This research is an observational study with a cross sectional design with a total sample of 60 people. Data analysis to determine the relationship of PM2.5 dust exposure with workers' lung function in the form of risk factors that influence, namely gender, age, years of service, smoking habits, exercise habits, nutritional status, use of PPE and length of exposure, using the chi square test and stratification. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression test backward stepwise method. The results of the study found that PM2.5 dust exposure had a strong relationship with the occurrence of pulmonary function disorders (p value = 0.02 and OR = 5.833 and the probability of pulmonary function disorders for workers working in workplaces with dust concentrations above was 68, 6%. In the future, this research is expected to be a material consideration for the government or related agencies in general and the health office as a reference for implementing programs related to the detrimental effects of work on workers' health and monitoring the work environment and surveillance of occupational health. So that the program runs optimally. it is necessary to promote occupational health behavior in the workplace.
