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Diare pada anak di bawah lima tahun (balita) hingga saat ini masih menjadi masalah di negara-negara berkembang, demikian pula di Indonesia. Diare masih mempakan penyakit endemis yang terjadi secara tems-menenis di semua daerah, baik di perkotaan maupun di pedesaan. Survey Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2002 - 2003 prevalensi diare mencapai 11%. Propinsi yang menduduki prevalensi tertinggi diare pada anak balita adaiah Sulawesi Sclatan (16%) dan Jawa Barat (15%), Meskipun intervensi perubahan pengetahuan pada ibu balira cukup berhasil namun diare pada balita tctap menjadi salah satu dan tiga penyebab mama kemalian bayi. Peningkalan pengetahuan akan oralit dan penggunaannya sebcsar 92%, namun hanya 36% yang konsisten dengan pcngetahuan ilu dalam pengobatan diare (SDKI 2002 - 2003). Rendahnya persepsi akan keseriusan penyakit diare merupakan kendala dalam menckan angka kesakitan diare. Adanya toleransi yang tinggi terhadap diare disebabkan rcndahnya pcrsepsi kescriusan ibu akan diare balita_ Oleh sebab itu upaya pcrubahan persepsi ibu balita dalam meiihat penyakit diare pada anak balitanya merupakan salah satu kunci untuk mempcrbaiki intewensi. Perrnasalahannya adalah belum tereksplorasi socara intensif falctor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya persepsi ibu balita tentang kcscriusan penyakit diare pada balita tcrsebut. Dengan desain cross sectional, penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara faktor, pengetahuan, pengalaman kontak, dan kepercayaan tentang diare pada balita dcngan persepsi ibu balita tentang keseriusan diare. Dengan desain cross sectional, penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara faktor, pengetahuan, pengalaman kontak, dan kepercayaan tentang diare pada balita dcngan persepsi ibu balita tentang keseriusan diare. Populasi penclitian adalah ibu-ibu balita di Kecamatan Bekasi Utara dan diambil sampel secara random sebanyak 175 orang yang tersebar di 6 kelurahan. Penclitian berhasil membuktikan bahwa faktor pengetahuan, pengalaman kontak, dan kepercayaan berhubungan secara bermakna dengan persepsi kcseriusan akan penyakit diare pada balita. Dalam analisis multivariat (logistik ganda model faktor risiko) diketahui hubungan variabel pengetahuan dan kepercayaan dengan persepsi keseriusan tidak berinteraksi dengan variabel lain. Sedangkan pengalaman kontak berimeraksi dengan variabel pendidikan. Besaran hubungan variabel independen dengan dependen setelah dilakukan analisis regresi logistik model faktor risiko diperoleh hasil signifikan. Ibu balita berpengetahuan rendah memiliki peluang 2,5 kali untuk berpersepéi diare sebagai penyakit biasa dibandingkan ibu berpengetahuan tinggi (OR: 2,535; 95%CI: 1,321 - 4.866) setelah variabel pendidikan dikendalikan. Ibu balita. yang tidak pernah mcmiliki pengalaman kontak memiliki peluang hampir S kali untuk berpersepsi diare sebagai penyakit biasa dibandingkan ibu balita yang pernah kontak (OR: 4,76l; 95%CI: l,853 - l2,235). Ibu balita dengan kepercayaan rcndah memiiiki peluang hampir 0,5 kali umuk mempersepsikan diare sebagai pcnyakit biasa dibandingkan dengan ibu dengan kepercayaan tinggi setelah variabel jumlah balita dikendalikan (OR: 0392; 95%C1: 0,195 - O,76S). Upaya memperbaiki persepsi ibu balita tentang penyakit diare dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan program promosi kesehatan baik melalui peningkatan pengetahuan, menciptakan pengalaman dengan model simulasi, serta merasionalkan kepercayaan-kepercayaan tentang diare pada balita di masyarakat.
Diarrhea on toddlers under 5 years old currently is still a major problem in developing countries such as Indonesia. Diarrhea is still endemic in all areas, including both municipal and rural regions. Indonesian Health Demographic Survey at 2002-2003 showed that prevalence of diarrhea reached up to 11%. Provinces with the highest prevalence were South Sulawesi (I 6%) and West Java (15%). Although intervention to improve the awareness of mothers with toddler under 5 years old was quite successful, diarrhea was still one of the three major causes of infant death. Even though the improvement ofthe awareness of oralit and its usage was 92%, only 36% was consistent with that knowledge in diarrhea recovery (SDK1 2002-2003). The low perception to the seriousness of diarrhea, which leads to high tolerance of mothers towards diarrhea, is one ofthe obstacles in decreasing the diarrhea frequency. Hence, the effort to change the perception of mothers with toddlers under S years old towards diarrhea is one of the key to improve the intervention. However, factors that influence the perception of mothers towards the seriousness of diarrhea have never been exploited intensively. Using cross sectional design, this research aims to ind the relation between knowledge, contact experience, and belief about diarrhea on toddler under 5 years old with the perception of mothers towards the seriousness of diarrhea. The research population is mothers with toddlers under 5 years old in the district of Bekasi Utara, and |75 subjects are selected randomly across 6 regions (kelurahan). The research population is mothers with toddlers under 5 years old in the district of Bekasi Utara, and 175 subjects are selected randomly across 6 regions (kelurahan). This research showed that knowledge, contact experience and belief have signiticant relation with the perception towards the seriousness of diarrhea on toddler under 5 years old. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression multivariate with risk factor model) showed that relation between knowledge and belief variables to the perception do not interact with other variables, while contact experience interacts with education variable. After conducted risk factor model logistic regression analysis, the relation between independent variable and dependent variable showed significant result. Mothers with toddler under 5 years old who had limited knowledge had chance 2,5 times to percept that diarrhea was not serious more than mothers who had wide knowledge (OR: 2,535; 95%CI: 1,32I) after education variable was controlled. Mothers with toddler under 5 years old who had experience with diarrhea had chance almost 5 times to percept that diarrhea was not serious more than mothers who had experience (OR: 4_76l; 95%CI: 1.853 - l2.235)- Mothers with toddler under 5 years old who had low belief had chance 0.5 times to percept that diarrhea was not serious more than mothers who had high belief (OR: 0392; 95%Cl: 0.195 - 0_765) after the number of toddler under 5 years old was controlled. The effort to improve the perception of mothers with toddlers under 5 years old towards diarrhea can be conducted by improving the program to promote the health, such as enhancing the knowledge/awareness, creating contact experience by simulation model, and by rationalize belief about diarrhea within the people.
This research talks about how the level of nutrition an attitude, diet andlevels of stress pregnant women to increase the weight in poly obstretict mitrakeluarga hospital bekasi. The research done by the research cross sectional, whereis the result of the test were univariat 46,8 % of the respondents was 19-29 years,97,4 % of well-educated, 52,1 % have a knowledge is not good 52,1 % have anattitude that support to increase the weight, 68,9 % not subjected to stress, 77.4 %have this whole eating well, and 53,7 % increased by excess of weight, Of therelationship between the level of knowledge and a diet to increase the weight ofthe p- value ≤ 0,05.Key word :Nutrition knowledge, attitude, diet, the level of stress, increase weight.
Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh informasi mendalam tentang perilaku ibu dan faktor yang menunjang dan menghambat dalam pemberian imunisasi Hepatitis 13 pada bayi 0-7 hari di Puskesmas Lubuk Alung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap informan kunci (seorang Kasie P2M, seorang Wasor Imunisasi, seorang Kepala Puskesmas, seorang Juru Imunisasi, tiga bidan, tiga kader posyandu dan dua dukun bersalin) dan informan (enam ibu yang bayinya diimunisasi Hepatitis B pada umur 0-7 hari, enam ibu yang bayinya diimunisasi Hepatitis B di atas tujuh hari dan tujuh ibu yang bayinya belum diimunisasi Hepatitis B).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik (umur dan paritas), pengalaman masa lalu, tempat persalinan, penolong persalinan, media infomasi dan dukungan keluargalmasyarakat sangat mempengaruhi perilaku ibu terhadap pemberian imunisasi Hepatitis B pada bayi 0-7 hari. Selain itu pengetahuan semua informan ibu masih kurang tentang imunisasi Hepatitis B pada bayi 0-7 hari. llmumnya intorman hersikap positif terhadap pemberian imunisasi. Adanya kepercayaan masyarakat setempat kalau bayi yang berumur dibawah umur 40 hari tidak botch dibawa keluar rumah karena dipercaya bayi bisa terkena Palasik. Pengalaman imunisasi ibu, persepsi terhadap jarak tempat pelayanan imunisasi dan biaya imunisasi tidak mempengaruhi perilaku ibu dalam pemberian imunisasi Hepatitis B pada bayi 0-7 hari.
Dari hasil penelitian disarankan perlunya pembinaan terhadap bidan balk yang ada di puskesmas maupun di desa serta koordinasi dengan 113I, 1DAI dan POGI yang berperan sebagai orang yang kontak pertama terhadap bayi barn lahir, meningkatkan sosialisasi pentingnya melaksanakan KNI, meningkatkan advokasi dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dan Pemda untuk memperoleh dukungan politis, bantuan teknis dalam pencarian dana yang mendukung kelangsungan program imunisasi Hepatitis B pada bayi 0-7 hari, melaksanakan pelatihan imunisasi Hepatitis B kepada petugas kesehatan dan penyebarluasan informasi tentang imunisasi Hepatitis B pada bayi 0-7 hari dengan meningkatkan wawasan dan pengetahuan semua pihak terutama masyarakat melalui televisi dan poster.
Hepatitis B is a liver inflammatory disease that caused by Hepatitis B virus, which sat in world second rank as agent that cause cancer on human after tobacco, while Indonesia sat as world third rank with prevalence 2,50% - 36,17%. Range number of Hepatitis B immunization 0-7 days in West Sumatra Province year 2005 is 42,2%, in Padang Pariaman Regency 23,86% and in Lubuk Alung Puskesmas working area reach 1,07% from 80% National target.
Research objective is getting circumstantial information toward mother behavior and factor that supporting and pursuing in giving Hepatitis B immunization to 0-7 days baby in Lubuk Aiung Puskesmas. This research is Qualitative research using circumstantial interview toward key informants (a P2M Kasie, a Immunization Wasor, a Puskesmas Chief, a Immunization Worker, three midwife, three posyandu cadre and two give birth shaman) and informants (six mother with baby that Hepatitis B immunized in 0-7 day's, six mother with 0-7 day's baby that not yet Hepatitis B immunized).
Research result shows characteristic (age and parity), past experience, give birth place, give birth helper, information media and public/family support that was very influencing mother behavior toward giving Hepatitis B immunization to 0-7 day's baby.
Commonly, informant act positively toward giving immunization. The existence of local public believe that baby under 40 days age should not brought out from home because believed that the baby could got Palasik. Mother immunization experience, perception toward immunization service distance, and immunization cost not affecting mother behavior in giving Hepatitis B immunization to 0-7 day's baby.
From research result, suggest improvement toward midwife whether in Puskesmas and in village and coordination with IBI, IDAI, and POGI that role as first person do contact with newborn baby, to improve the importance of socialization KN1 conducted, improving advocate from Health Agency of Padang Pariaman Regency and Pemda to get political support, technical support in searching fund that support Hepatitis B immunization to 0-7 day's baby occurrence, do Hepatitis B immunization training to health officer and spreading information toward Hepatitis B immunization to 0-7 day's baby by improving perception and knowledge of all people thorough television and poster.