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Dilandasi tingginya angka kecelakaan kebakaran yang diakibatkan oleh anak bermain dengan korek api gas, bertumbuhnya perokok di Indonesia menimbulkan implikasi negatif tidak saja terhadap kualitas kesehatan tetapi menyangkut kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi, berdampak pula pada peningkatan penggunaan korek api, salah satunya adalah korek api gas. Korek api gas dengan bentuk yang kecil merupakan produk konsumtif yang mengandung potensi bahaya tersendiri. Apalagi bila diletakkan di sembarang tempat yang bisa dijangkau oleh anak-anak. Akan menjadi sangat beresiko apabila disalahgunakan oleh anak-anak untuk bermain-main dan secara tidak sengaja menyebabkan kebakaran, cedera serius bahkan kematian. Korek api gas child resistant produksi PT. Tokai Dharma Indonesia, sejak Maret 2007 telah dipasarkan, sebagai produk yang dinyatakan aman bagi anak. Untuk menyakinkan kegunaan child resistant tersebut penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keselamatan korek api gas child resistant apakah betul aman tidak bisa dioperasikan oleh anak hingga usia lima tahun. Menggunakan metoda uji eksperimental meneliti kekuatan ibu jari anak berdasarkan usia hingga 9 tahun dengan menekan beban uji dan melakukan uji eksperimental beban yang diperlukan untuk menyalakan api di mesin load test terhadap korek api gas child resistant. Kemudian dengan membandingkan berapa gaya yang diperlukan untuk menyalakan api dan berapa gaya yang mampu dihasilkan oleh ibu jari anak. Tingkat keamanan akan dicapai bila gaya yang mampu dihasilkan anak lebih kecil daripada gaya yang dicapai oleh mesin load test untuk menyalakan api. Hasil dari 93 responden beban gaya terendah 10 Newton dapat dicapai hingga katagori usia 84 bulan, beban tertinggi hingga 40 Newton dicapai hingga usia 108 bulan, semakin tinggi usia semakin tinggi gaya yang sanggup dihasilkan. Dari 50 sample korek uji di mesin load test beban terendah untuk menyalakan api tercapai pada 15,5 Newton dan tertinggi pada 27 Newton. Hasil perhitungan dan distribusi gaya sesungguhnya untuk 15,5 Newton gaya yang diperlukan untuk menyalakan korek api adalah sebesar 52,245 Newton. Kemampuan ibu jari anak hingga usia 60 bulan (5 tahun) adalah 20 Newton dan lebih kecil dari gaya yang diperlukan untuk menyalakan sebesar 52,245 Newton. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini korek api gas child resistant mempunyai tingkat keamanan hingga 2,61 kali dari kemampuan beban kekuatan ibu jari anak hingga batasan usia 5 tahun. Sehingga betul aman untuk tidak bisa dioperasikan anak hingga usia 5 tahun dan dikatagorikan dalam tingkatan resiko yang rendah untuk fungsi child resistant.
Fire accident are a leading which is caused by children playing with gas lighter and the increasing of smoker in Indonesia not only cause negative effects to the quality of public health and public social and economic, but also cause the increase of using lighter, one of the example cigarette gas lighter. The small gas lighter is a consumptive product which can cause danger to the user itself. Moreover, if it is placed not in proper place so the child can use it. This can be a high risk if children use it not in proper way or for playing only, which are accidentally cause of gas lighter, serious injury, the worst is causing death. The child resistant cigarette lighter produce of PT. Tokai Dharma Indonesia, has launched since March 2007, as a child resistant product. To convince the using of this product, the aim of this research is to study the effectiveness of the child resistant cigarette lighter, and child resistant mechanism is it really safe to the children under live years. Methods: Test experimental by research force of child`s thumb under 9 years old to pushed the push gauge test and on load test machine experimental to spark the child resistant lighter. Comparing forced of the child`s respondent and force which can ignited spark of child resistant lighter. The safety factor was result if the child force less than force to ignited spark of child resistant lighter. Result the minimum force from 93 respondents, the minimum force 10 Newton can be achieved by child under 84 months, the maximum force is 40 Newton is achieved by child under 108 months, the more high the age is the more high the force can be produced. From 50 child resistant lighter samples in load test machine, the minimum force to spark is result on l5.5 Newton, and the maximum is 27 Newton. The calculating and distributing result of the real force for 15.5 Newton, needs 52.245 Newton to spark on. Whereas, the ability of child`s thumb under 60 months (5 years) is only 20 Newton, it is less than the needed, force which is 52.245 Newton. The conclusion: child resistant cigarette lighter has a effectiveness up to 2.61 times from child`s thumb force under 5 years old. Thus, it really safe for not being used by children under 5 years old and categorized in lowest risk to child resistant function.
The development of the industrial sector causes competition to increase productivity. Even though it has developed rapidly, there is always a need for human labor, one of which is in lifting and lowering activities. Lifting and lowering work are one of the jobs that have a risk of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders symptoms (WMSDs This study analyzes the risk factors of WMSDs in stacking workers at PT. X to appropriate control can be carried out, using the NIOSH Lifting Equation (NLE) method to determine occupational factors, individual questionnaires, and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to determine the complaint. The design of this observational study was cross-sectional, that involves 43 packing workers at PT.X. The results showed that 55.8% had WMSDs complaints in the last 12 months and 44.2% had no complaints. The statistical test showed that the factor of work/lifting index (p value=0.027) and years of service (p value=0.024) were associated with WMSDs complaints in the last 12 months. So, control is necessary by changing the work design or rearranging work instructions. Furthermore, it is also necessary to control smoking habits and exercise habits.
Coal mining industry is an industry with high risks of occupational healthand safety. Hence, it is considered important to conduct a risk assessment andevaluation on occupational health and safety in a coal mining industry. Theexpected result of the assessment and evaluation is an improvement of significantefforts in decreasing occupational accident and illness rate, and also fatality rate incoal mining activities.Focus of this study was OHS risk assessment and evaluation on miningactivity in PT. Adaro Indonesia Site Tanjung Tabalong South Kalimantan in 2013.This study was analytical descriptive using observational approach. This studyused Job Hazard Analysis for hazard and risk identification, and semi-quantitativerisk assessment method by multiplication of consequences, probability, andexposure score. The result of this study showed that mining activity in PT. AdaroIndonesia Site Tanjung Tabalong has 182 OHS risks.Key words: risk, coal, mining activities.
Kata kunci: AS/NZS 4360:2004, manajemen risiko, penilaian risiko, tingkat risiko.
This research discusses about the risk analysis of occupational health and safety in activity of ride process at PT. X in May-June 2018. This research used descriptive research design with AS / NZS 4360:2004 as the standard for the OHS risk assessment process. The method used in risk assessment is a semi-quantitative mathematical formula W. T Fine. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of OHS risk in the ride process activity of PT. X. The results showed that found the 6 biggest risks at the stage of work activity with the level of risk that has not acceptable, that is very high, and priority 1. Therefore, given the recommendation for the control of the six major risks of each process that is engineering control, and administrative control.
Keywords: AS/NZS 4360:2004, risk management, risk assessment, level of risk