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COVID-19 have been declared as global pandemic by WHO at March 11 th , 2020. Infection of COVID-19 is caused by SARS-Cov-2 that human to human transmission. The aim of this study is to capture the relation between climate factor and concentration of PM2,5 with confirmation cases of COVID-19 in Surabaya City, 2020. Data provider for this study are Board of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) Perak I Surabaya, Surabaya Environmental Office, and Surabaya Health Office. Research design of this study is ecological study-time series analysis from March to November 2020. This study found that negative correlation between climate factor, like air temperature, humidity, precipitation, concentration of PM2,5 with confirmation cases of COVID-19. The strenght of correlation were 0,305, 0,249, 0,329, and 0,114 respectively. Surabaya Health Office need to cooperate with BMKG as climate data provider, like weather prediction information for helping regulation maker and purpose preparation to prevent the transmission of COVID-19
Abstrak
Jentik Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) mengacu pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang merupakan vektor utama penyebab penyakit DBD telah menjadi masalah besar bagi kesehatan di banyak negara tropis. Gerakan 1 Rumah 1 Jumantik (G1R1J), melibatkan setiap rumah tangga sebagai pemantau jentik, pada penelitian ini melibatkan anak (sismantik) dan ibu (jumantik rumah) untuk melakukan pemantaun jentik di rumah tangga. Studi ini menggunakan quasi experiment yang menekankan bahwa ada perbedaan Container Indeks (CI) pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yang dan melihat pengaruh pelatihan terhadap pengetahuan,sikap dan tindakan responden dalam penurunan CI di dua wilayah endemis DBD di Kota Pariaman,
Pada kelompok intervensi (G1R1J Plus Sismantik), rata-rata pengetahuan responden sebelum yaitu 55,4%, mengalami peningkatan menjadi 91,7%. Hasil uji T dependen didapatkan nilai p < 0,001. Sikap 78,8%, mengalami peningkatan sesudah intervensi menjadi 85,8%. Hasil uji T dependen didapatkan nilai p < 0,001. Tindakan 48,9%, mengalami peningkatan menjadi 83,7%. Hasil uji T dependen didapatkan nilai p < 0,001. Efektifitas intervensi terhadap pengetahuan, yaitu sebesar 13%, terhadap sikap sebesar 13%, terhadap tindakan 48,5%. Variabel berpengaruh terhadap penurunan angka CI adalah variabel intervensi (p = 0,010) dan pendidikan perguruan tinggi (p = 0,024).Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa program G1R1J plus sismantik, secara signifikan menurunkan indeks kepadatan nyamuk (CI). Penggabungan program G1R1J dengan Sismantik dapat menurunkan jumlah vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini menawarkan panduan strategis untuk membangun kebijakan pemantau jentik yang lebih berkelanjutan dan efisien di daerah endemis lainnya.
Abstract
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, remains a major public health challenge in many tropical regions. The "One House, One Larvae Observer Movement" (Gerakan 1 Rumah 1 Jumantik, G1R1J) empowers households to actively participate in larvae surveillance efforts. This study enhances the program by incorporating the roles of children (Sismantik) and mothers (Jumantik Rumah) to strengthen larvae monitoring practices at the household level.This study employs a quasi-experimental design, focusing on the difference in the reduction of the Container Index (CI) between the intervention group, and the control group. The study also examines the impact of training on respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the reduction of CI in two dengue-endemic areas in Pariaman City.In the intervention group (G1R1J plus child participation), the mean knowledge score increased significantly from 55.4% to 91.7% post-intervention (paired t-test, p<0.001). the mean attitude score improved from 78.8% to 85.8% (paired t-test, p<0.001), and the mean performance score increased from 48.9% to 83.7% (paired t-test, p<0.001). The intervention was effective in increasing knowledge by 13%, attitude by 13%, and performance by 48.5%. Variables influencing the reduction in CI include the intervension variable (p = 0.010) and higher education level (p = 0.024) This study demonstrates that the G1R1J plus Sismantik program can significantly reduce the Container Index (CI). The integration of the G1R1J program with Sismantik has proven effective in decreasing the population of Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors.The findings of this study provide strategic guidance for developing more sustainable and efficient larvae monitoring policies in other endemic areas.
Batam City is the largest contributor to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases in the Riau Islands. One of the biggest challenges in the transmission of dengue fever in Batam City is the existence of shophouses and slum areas that are not intended for use (squatters). The aim of this research was to develop a model for controlling dengue fever in shophouses and squatter environments in Batam City. This research was quantitative analytical research with an ecological study approach. The research period started from August 2022 - May 2023. The population and samples for spatial analysis were 44 sub-districts and for statistical tests were 767 dengue fever with 88 samples. The results of the analysis showed that variables which were risk factors include vector density (shophouses: OR=6,2, squatters: OR=11,2), population mobility (shophouses: OR=6,2, squatters: OR=6,5), temperature (shophouses: OR=6,0, squatters: OR=7,3), rainfall (shophouses: OR=6,5, squatters: OR=8,4), humidity (shophouses: OR=7,1, squatters: OR=5,7), and house construction (shophouses: OR=5,0). The output of this research was the GWR model which showed that the variables Squatters Proportion, Temperature, Vector Density and Population Density had a significant effect on the number of dengue fever cases in Batam City (R2=77.13%). The model for controlling dengue fever that can be implemented are dengue management based on niche, including regional regulations requiring arranging used goods around squatters and empowering school children in eradicating larvae.