Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) merupakan salah satu penyakit katastropik yang prevalensinya semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun di Indonesia. Penurunan fungsi ginjal dapat terjadi secara fisiologis seiring dengan bertambahnya usia seseorang, namun terdapat beberapa faktor risiko lain yang berhubungan dengan kejadian PGK. Penelitian terkait faktor risiko penyakit ginjal kronik masih terbatas khususnya pada populasi masyarakat di Jakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 3-5 di poli penyakit dalam RSUD Tarakan Jakarta tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus-kontrol dengan sampel 129 kasus dan 129 kontrol yang diambil dari catatan rekam medis pasien poli penyakit dalam. Variabel yang diteliti antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, batu ginjal, obesitas, hiperkolesterolemia, LDL ≥ 130 mg/dl, HDL < 40 mg/dl dan hipertrigliseridemia. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor risiko jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR 2,04; 95% CI: 1,18-3,55), hipertensi (OR 3,98; 95% CI: 2,05-7,72), riwayat batu ginjal (OR 4,98; 95% CI: 1,70-14,57) dan kadar HDL < 40 mg/dl (OR 4,45; 95% CI: 1,57-12,62) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 3-5 di poli penyakit dalam RSUD Tarakan Jakarta tahun 2022. Perlunya penyuluhan dan skrining terhadap penyakit tidak menular, konsumsi air putih yang cukup, aktifitas fisik rutin serta konsumsi makanan sehat yang seimbang diharapkan dapat mencegah terjadinya penyakit ginjal kronik.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the catastrophic diseases with an increasing prevalence in Indonesia from year to year. The decline in kidney function can occur physiologically with advancing age, but there are several other risk factors associated with the occurrence of CKD. Research on the risk factors for chronic kidney disease is still limited, particularly in the population of Jakarta. The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease stage 3-5 in the Internal Medicine Department of Tarakan Hospital Jakarta in 2022. This study employed a case-control design with a sample of 129 cases and 129 controls taken from the medical records of patients in the Internal Medicine Department. The variables examined included age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney stones, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, LDL ≥ 130 mg/dl, HDL < 40 mg/dl, and hypertriglyceridemia. The results of the study based on multivariate analysis showed that male gender (OR 2.04; 95% CI: 1.18-3.55), hypertension (OR 3.98; 95% CI: 2.05-7.72), history of kidney stones (OR 4.98; 95% CI: 1.70-14.57), and HDL < 40 mg/dl (OR 4.45; 95% CI: 1.57-12.62) were significantly associated with the occurrence of chronic kidney disease stage 3-5 in the Internal Medicine Department of Tarakan Hospital Jakarta in 2022. The importance of health education and screening for non-communicable diseases, adequate water consumption, regular physical activity, and balanced diet are expected to prevent the occurrence of chronic kidney disease.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarakan evaluasi pelaksanaan program pencegahan dan penangan wasting pada balita di Jakarta Selatan tahun 2024. Beberapa upaya dan program telah dilaksanakan di Jakarta Selatan, evaluasi program tersebut dilakukan melalui analisis input, proses, output, dan outcome. Informan penelitian terdiri dari penanggungjawab program gizi Dinas DKI Jakarta, Suku Dinas Kesehatan Jakarta Selatan, Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa, Tebet, Setiabudi, Mampang Prapatan, dan Pesanggrahan, serta ibu balita wasting yang menjadi peserta program. Pengambilan data melaui wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok, serta telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa evaluasi program seperti sistem e-ppgbm yang sering error, dana APBD yang perlu pencairan tepat waktu, jumlah tenaga gizi yang terbatas, masih perlunya pelatihan terkait dengan komunikasi persuasif kepada tenaga gizi, penjagaan mutu PMT dari penyedia/catering, serta penguatan kolaborasi lintas sektor. Setelah menerima intervensi, balita mengalami kenaikan berat badan, sebagian balita juga mengalami perubahan status gizi, namun dapat mengalami penurunan berat badan kembali. Oleh karena itu, output dari program belum signifikan. Perlu perbaikan dari program wasting yang telah dilaksanakan di Jakarta Selatan untuk meningkatkan kualitas. 

This study is a qualitative study that aims to describe the evaluation of the implementation of the wasting prevention and treatment program for toddlers in South Jakarta in 2024. Several efforts and programs have been implemented in South Jakarta, the program evaluation was conducted through input, process, output, and outcome analysis. The research informants consisted of the person in charge of the nutrition program of the DKI Jakarta Agency, the South Jakarta Health Sub-Department, the Community Health Centers of Jagakarsa, Tebet, Setiabudi, Mampang Prapatan, and Pesanggrahan Districts, as well as mothers of wasting toddlers who were program participants. Data collection was through in-depth interviews, group discussions, and document reviews. The results of the study showed several program evaluations such as the e-PPGBM system that often had errors, APBD funds that needed to be disbursed on time, the limited number of nutrition workers, the need for training related to persuasive communication to nutrition workers, maintaining the quality of PMT from providers/catering, and strengthening cross-sector collaboration. After receiving the intervention, toddlers experienced weight gain, some toddlers also experienced changes in nutritional status, but could experience weight loss again. Therefore, the output of the program was not yet significant. Improvements are needed to the wasting program that has been implemented in South Jakarta to improve quality.