Ditemukan 3 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Sekar Astrika Fardani; Pembimbing: Suyud; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih, Kuratul Aini
S-7728
Depok : FKM UI, 2013
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sekar Astrika Fardani; Pembimbing: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono; Penguji: Renti Mahkota, Yovsyah, Eksi Wijayanti
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Penyakit infeksi merupakan ancaman yang signifikan dan menyebabkan kematian pada anak-anak dalam jumlah besar. Penyakit infeksi berkontribusi terhadap 47,6% penyebab kematian pada balita tahun 2019 di dunia dan lebih dari 22% penyebab kematian pada balita di Indonesia tahun 2021. Riwayat imunisasi dasar dan stunting memiliki peranan penting terhadap risiko terjadinya penyakit infeksi pada anak usia di bawah dua tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan riwayat imunisasi dasar dan stunting dengan risiko penyakit infeksi pada anak usia 12 – 23 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder SSGI-2022. Terdapat 53.585 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi-eksklusi penelitian dan dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji cox regression constant time dengan ukuran asosiasi prevalence ratio (PR) dan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi anak usia 12 – 23 bulan yang menderita penyakit infeksi sebesar 12,67%, proporsi riwayat imunisasi dasar lengkap sebesar 71,63% dan proporsi stunting sebesar 21,28%. Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan riwayat imunisasi dasar berhubungan signifikan dengan penyakit infeksi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel interaksi riwayat imunisasi dasar dan ASI eksklusif. Anak usia 12 – 23 bulan dengan riwayat imunisasi dasar tidak lengkap dan tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif memiliki risiko 1,34 kali lebih besar untuk menderita penyakit infeksi dibandingkan anak usia 12 – 23 bulan dengan riwayat imunisasi dasar lengkap dan mendapatkan ASI eksklusif (adjusted PR 1,34; 95% CI 1,24 – 1,43). Anak usia 12 – 23 bulan yang memiliki riwayat imunisasi dasar tidak lengkap tetapi mendapatkan ASI eksklusif berisiko 1,47 kali lebih tinggi untuk menderita penyakit infeksi dibandingkan anak yang memiliki riwayat imunisasi dasar lengkap dan mendapatkan ASI eksklusif (adjusted PR 1,47; 95% CI 1,37 – 1,58). Sedangkan untuk variabel stunting didapatkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara stunting dan penyakit infeksi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel wasting (adjusted PR 1,05; 95% CI 0,99 – 1,11). Diperlukan upaya untuk melengkapi riwayat imunisasi anak serta pemenuhan asupan gizi dan pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak secara optimal.
Infectious diseases are a significant threat and the leading cause of death in many children. Infectious diseases contributed for 47.6% of the causes of under-five deaths in 2019 globally and more than 22% of the causes of under-five deaths in Indonesia in 2021. History of basic immunization and stunting play an important role in the risk of infectious diseases in children. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between history of basic immunization and stunting with the risk of infectious diseases among toddlers aged 12 – 23 months in Indonesia. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional study design using SSGI-2022 data. There were 53,585 respondents who met the research inclusion-exclusion criteria used as samples. Data analysis was performed using cox regression constant time to obtain a prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence interval. The results of this study show that the proportion of infectious diseases among toddlers aged 12 - 23 months is 12.67%, the proportion of complete basic immunization history is 71.63% and the proportion of stunting is 21.28%. Multivariate analysis was found that history of basic immunization had significantly association with infectious diseases after being controlled by the interaction variable history of basic immunization and exclusive breastfeeding. Toddlers aged 12 – 23 months with incomplete basic immunization and were not receive exclusive breastfeding have 1.34 times higher risk of suffering from infectious diseases compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization and receive exclusive breasfeeding (adjusted PR 1.34; 95% CI 1.24 – 1.43). Toddlers aged 12 – 23 months with incomplete basic immunization but were exclusively breastfed have 1.47 times higher risk of suffering from infectious diseases compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization and receive exclusive breasfeeding (adjusted PR 1.47; 95% CI 1.37 – 1.58). Meanwhile, for stunting variable, it was found that there was no significant asscociation between stunting and infectious diseases after being controlled for the wasting variable (adjusted PR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99 – 1.11). Efforts are needed to complete the child's immunization history as well as fulfill the child's nutritional intake and monitor the child's growth and development optimally.
T-6930
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Afifah Isra Rinda Siregar; Pembimbing: Putri Bungsu; Penguji: Rizka Maulida, Sekar Astrika Fardani
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Latar Belakang: Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) merupakan penyakit utama dan masih menjadi beban kesehatan besar di Indonesia, terutama akibat tingginya perilaku merokok dan paparan asap rokok yang melebihi rata-rata global. Implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) telah diterapkan secara nasional, tetapi pelaksanaannya belum merata sehingga efektivitas pengendalian rokok antarwilayah bervariasi. Pulau Jawa memiliki tingkat konsumsi rokok tinggi, perbedaan kekuatan implementasi KTR, serta variasi karakteristik penduduk yang berpotensi memengaruhi risiko PPOK. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan dan mengetahui korelasi antara tingkat konsumsi rokok (pack-years), skor implementasi KTR, rasio jenis kelamin, dan tingkat melek huruf dengan proporsi penduduk berisiko PPOK di tujuh wilayah Pulau Jawa. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan unit analisis kabupaten/kota dengan total sampling (n = 7) berdasarkan data Uji Coba Deteksi Dini PPOK 2022, dashboard Implementasi KTR, dan publikasi BPS. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif sederhana dan uji korelasi Spearman untuk menilai hubungan antara variabel independen dan proporsi penduduk berisiko PPOK usia ≥40 tahun. Hasil: Proporsi penduduk berisiko PPOK berkisar 0,6–6,3 per 100.000 penduduk, dengan rata-rata 2,8 (95% CI = 1,28–4,40). Rata-rata pack-years adalah 30,8 (95% CI = 21,01–40,39), skor implementasi KTR 33,1 (95% CI = 14,36–51,08), rasio jenis kelamin 96,3 (95% CI = 94,50–97,77), dan tingkat melek huruf 96,7 (95% CI = 94,67–98,57). Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan tidak ada variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan risiko PPOK: pack-years (r = 0,036; p = 0,939), skor KTR (r = –0,179; p = 0,702), rasio jenis kelamin (r = –0,607; p = 0,148), dan tingkat melek huruf (r = 0,214; p = 0,645). Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara pack-years, skor KTR, rasio jenis kelamin, maupun tingkat melek huruf dengan proporsi penduduk berisiko PPOK di Pulau Jawa. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi risiko PPOK kemungkinan dipengaruhi faktor lain di luar variabel yang diteliti.
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a major disease and a substantial public health burden in Indonesia, primarily due to high smoking prevalence and exposure to tobacco smoke exceeding the global average. Smoke-Free Area (SFA) policies have been implemented nationally, however, their enforcement has been uneven, resulting in regional variation in the effectiveness of tobacco control. Java Island exhibits high levels of cigarette consumption, differences in the strength of SFA implementation, and diverse population characteristics that may influence the risk of COPD. This study aimed to describe and examine the correlation between smoking consumption level (pack-years), SFA implementation score, sex ratio, and literacy rate with the proportion of the population at risk of COPD across seven regions of Java Island. Methods: This study employed an ecological study design with districts/cities as the units of analysis, using total sampling (n = 7). Data were obtained from the 2022 COPD Early Detection Pilot Program, the SFA Implementation Dashboard, and publications from Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Analyses included simple descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation test to assess the associations between independent variables and the proportion of the population aged ≥40 years at risk of COPD. Results: The proportion of the population at risk of COPD ranged from 0.6 to 6.3 per 100,000 population, with a mean of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.28–4.40). The mean pack-years was 30.8 (95% CI: 21.01–40.39), the mean SFA implementation score was 33.1 (95% CI: 14.36–51.08), the mean sex ratio was 96.3 (95% CI: 94.50–97.77), and the mean literacy rate was 96.7 (95% CI: 94.67–98.57). Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated no statistically significant associations between any variables and the risk of COPD: pack-years (r = 0.036; p = 0.939), SFA implementation score (r = −0.179; p = 0.702), sex ratio (r = −0.607; p = 0.148), and literacy rate (r = 0.214; p = 0.645). Conclusion: No significant associations were found between pack-years, SFA implementation score, sex ratio, or literacy rate and the proportion of the population at risk of COPD on Java Island. These findings suggest that variations in COPD risk are likely influenced by other factors beyond those examined in this study.
S-12155
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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