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ABSTRAK Retensi ARV Pada Pasien HIV Berdasarkan CD4 Awal Terapi ARV di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta Dari Tahun 2011 – 2014 Musa Rapang Perbedaan tingkatan imunodefesiensi memberikan kondisi klinis yang berbeda. Dampak perbedaan imunodefesiensi akan diperoleh retensi ARV yang berbeda pada tingkat imunodefesiensi berat dan sedang. Pasien dengan sistem imun yang baik (CD4 tinggi) kemungkinan akan memiliki retensi yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah perbedaan retensi ARV pada pasien HIV AIDS berdasarkan CD4 saat terapi ARV di RSPI Sulianti Saroso Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif menggunakan 223 sampel yang diambil dari data rekam medik rumah sakit dari tahun 2011 – 2014 dengan waktu pengamatan selama satu tahun. Pasien yang retensi ada 70.85% dengan insident rate lost to follow up 2.9 per 100 orang bulan. Retensi ARV pada pasien dengan CD4 200-350 sel/mm lebih baik dengan HRadj lost to follow up sebesar 0.27 (CI 95% : 0.1 – 0.8) kali lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien dengan CD4 <200 sel/mm 3 . Selain itu pasien memiliki CD4 200350 sel/mm 3 pada stadium awal memiliki risiko lost to follow up yang lebih tinggi dengan HRadj 1.10 (CI 95% : 0.5 – 2.4) kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien yang memiliki CD4 < 200 sel/mm 3 pada stadium awal. Perlu dilakukan monitoring klinis, eduksi dan dukungan kepada pasien tentang manfaat ARV khususnya pada pasien dengan CD4 <200 sel/mm 3 . Kata kunci : Retensi ARV, CD4 Awal, lost to follow up
ABSTRACT ARV Retention HIV Patients Based On Early CD4 Therapy In Hospital Infection Disease of Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta From Years 2011 - 2014 Musa Rapang The difference in the level of imunodefesiensi provide different clinical conditions. The impact will be acquired at different ARV retention rate of severe and moderate imunodefesiensi. HIV Patients with a good immune system (CD4 high) possibility have poor retention on antiretroviral drugs, so that the patient will tend to experience a lost to follow up. The purpose of this study was to see whether the difference in retention of antiretroviral drugs in HIV-AIDS patients by CD4 time ARV therapy in hospital Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta. This research using retrospective cohort design using 223 samples taken from hospital medical records from the years 20112014 with the observation time for one year. The number of patients there was 70.85% retention with number incidents of lost to follow-up rate of 2.9 per 100 person-months. Retention ARV based on baseline CD4 200-350 cells / mm better with HRadj of lost to follow-up at 0.27 (CI 95% :0.1 – 0.8) times slower compared to patients with CD4 <200 cells / mm 3 in the early stages having lost to follow-up speed faster with HRadj 1.10 (CI 95% :0.5 – 2.4) times faster compared with patients with CD4 <200 cells/mm 3 . In addition patients had CD4 200-350 cells / mm 3 early stage. Needed to monitoring, education and supporting to patient for benfit to use ARV especially to patient with CD4 <200 cells/mm 3 . Keywords: Retention ARV, CD4 Earlier, Lost to follow up
Infeksi HIV pada tubuh bertindak sebagai stresor yang akan menimbulkan permasalahan bagi individu yang terinfeksi di ataranya masalah fisik, psikologis dan psikososialnya. Permasalahan fisik terkait dengan perjalanan penyakit dan komplikasi sistem saraf pusat, mulai dari munculnya gejala penyakit, turunnya sistem kekebalan tubuh. Masalah psikosial dan psikologis yang dialami oleh penderita HIV diantaranya adalah munculnya stigma dan diskriminasi baik didalam keluarga maupun di masyarakat.
HIV infection in the body act as stressors that will cause problems for individuals infected among physical, psychological and psychosocial. Physical problems related to the course of the disease and complications of the central nervous system, starting from the symptoms appearance of the disease, the decline of the immune system. Psychosocial and psychological problems experienced by HIV sufferers include the emergence of stigma and discrimination within the family and in society.
IntroductionDramatically, Anti-Retroviral drug Therapy (ART) has reduced morbidity andmortality of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, adherence toantiretroviral therapy has become a challenge because this therapy must beendured for a lifetime. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is one of the factorsthat determine the success of treatment. Poor adherence to ARV therapy inIndonesia is arround 23-55%. The objective of this study was to determine theinfluence of medication non-adherence to the 3-years survival of patients withHIV/AIDS.MethodsThis study used a retrospective cohort design at RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso in2010-2012.ResultsThe cumulative survival probability of patients with HIV/AIDS at RSPI Prof. dr.Sulianti Saroso in the second year (24th month) was 95.6% and the third year (inthe 36th) was 91%. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression showed the factorsthat affected the 3-years survival of patients with HIV/AIDS are non-adherence toART, after controlled by initial CD4 count (aHR = 7.608; 95% CI: 1.664 to34.790), and non-compliance appointments, after controlled by opportunisticinfection, age and initial CD4 count (aHR = 2.456; 95% CI: 0.802 to 7.518).Among patient non-adherence to ART, non-compliance appointments affected the3-years survival of patients with HIV/AIDS, after controlled by initial CD4 count,sex, CPT, modes of HIV transmission, WHO clinical stage, opportunisticinfection, and age (aHR = 4.517 ; 95%CI : 0.729-27.987).DiscussionsNonadherence to ART may caused a failure of the suppression on HIV viral, thusincrease the possibility of HIV virus mutations that can lead to drug-resistant andultimately increase the risk of death. Poor adherence to appointments of takingdrugs in the first year also assumed the poor adherence of the next assignment totake drugs in the further, and show disobedience to ART, so it will increase therisk of death.RecomendationMonitoring coverage of medication adherence of patients with HIV/AIDS in aregular basis as the early warning on the risk of death among patients withHIV/AIDS.Keyword : non-adherence to ART, appointment keeping, retrospective cohort
Laporan Kemenkes RI mengenai angka kejadian HIV & AIDS di Indonesia sampai September menyatakan 92.251 kasus HIV dan 39.434 kasus AIDS. ODHA memerlukan ARV untuk menekan replikasi virus. Paduan pengobatan dimulai dari lini pertama yang terdiri atas 2 Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) dan 1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI). Nevirapin adalah ARV golongan NNRTI yang paling sering digunakan karena efektif dan efisien. Evaluasi pengobatan ARV dan data mengenai substitusi ARV masih kurang. Substitusi dapat menggambarkan isu penting berkaitan dengan keberhasilan program pengobatan HIV dan efek samping obat. Desain penelitian ini kasus kontrol dengan data berasal dari rekam medis. Kasus adalah mereka yang mengalami sustitusi nevirapin. Analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat logistik regresi dilakukan. Didapatkan faktor-faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan substitusi nevirapin adalah tingkat pendidikan OR=3,31(CI95%=1,27-8,63) dan kondisi awal terapi yaitu stadium klinis OR=0,37 (CI95%=0,13-1,11), kadar SGOT OR=2,15 (CI95%=0,83-5,57), kadar SGPT dengan OR=1,41 (CI95%=0,61-3,26), dan CD4 dengan OR ==1,80 (CI95%=0,56-5,83). Edukasi kepada pasien dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah mengenai manfaat dan cara minum obat perlu lebih ditekankan dan monitoring keluhan efek samping secara teratur melalui pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan laborarium secara berkala kepada seluruh penderita HIV/AIDS yang mendapat ARV disertai CD4 dan enzim hati diawal terapi yang tinggi.
Indonesian Ministry of Health reported that there are 92.251 cases HIV and 39.434 cases AIDS until September 2012. Those people need ARV to suppress viral load dan enhaced their immunity. Based on guideline therapy, starting ARV should from first line which consisted of 2 NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) dan 1 NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor). Nevirapin is a NNRTI and more prescribe because its effectiveness and efficiency. In Indonesia, there are less data about antiretroviral evaluation, especially substitution. These data are important to identify some issues such as effectiveness antiretroviral therapy and toxicity. Toxicity that induced by antiretroviral effect nonadherence. This study is using case control design which source of data is medical records. Cases are those who experienced nevirapine substitution. Univariat, bivariat and multivariate logistic regression are using to analyze these data. Result shows that significant factors associated with nevirapine substitution are education level OR=3,31(CI95%=1,27-8,63), clinical staging OR=0,37 (CI95%=0,13-1,11), SGOT level at baseline OR=2,15 (CI95%=0,83-5,57), SGPT level at baseline OR=1,41 (CI95%=0,61-3,26), and CD4 at baseline OR ==1,80 (CI95%=0,56-5,83). This result recommend to educate those who are low education with comprehensive information about antiretroviral and monitoring regularly patients who have elevated level of liver enzime on baseline therapy.
