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Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2018 terjadi peningkatan tren dari obesitas sentral yaitu 31,0% dibandingkan tahun 2013 sebesar 26,6%. Seiring dengan meningkatnya prevalensi obesitas sentral dapat meningkatkan penyakit degeneratif antara lain diabetes mellitus. Sebelum terjadinya diabetes pada seseorang maka didahului oleh suatu keadaan yang disebut prediabetes. Prevalensi prediabetes lebih besar dibandingkan prevalensi diabetes mellitus. Menurut Data IDF 2021 orang dewasa yang dapat mengalami TGT sebesar 10,6% pada tahun 2021, dan diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi 11,4% pada tahun 2045. Adapun yang dapat mengalami GDPT sebesar 6,2% pada tahun 2021 dan diperkirakan meningkat menjadi 6,9% pada tahun 2045. Hasil Riskesdas 2018, penduduk usia 15 tahun ke atas yang dapat mengalami TGT sebesar 30,8% sedangkan yang dapat mengalami GDPT sebesar 26,3%. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007 menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi prediabetes hampir dua kali lipat dari prevalensi Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 yaitu sebesar 10,2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas sentral dengan kejadian prediabetes di Puskesmas Jati Ranggon Kota Bekasi tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan data sekunder Puskesmas Jati Ranggon . Jumlah sampel 1241 orang yang memenuhi kriterian inklusi dan eksklusi dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data menggunakan cox regression. Prevalensi prediabtes sebesar 18,8%. Pada model akhir penelitian ini diketahui bahwa obesitas sentral mempunyai hubungan terhadap kejadian prediabetes setelah dikontrol dengan obesitas umum dengan nilai p=<0,001 dan PR=1,87 (95% CI; 1,40- 2,50). Kata kunci: Obesitas Sentral, Prediabetes.
Based on Riskesdas 2018, there was an increasing trend in central obesity, namely 31.0% compared to 2013, which was 26.6%. Along with the increasing prevalence of central obesity, degenerative diseases, including diabetes mellitus, can increase. Before diabetes occurs in a person, it is preceded by a condition called prediabetes. The prevalence of prediabetes is greater than the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. According to IDF 2021 data, adults who can experience TGT are 10.6% in 2021, and it is estimated that this will increase to 11.4% in 2045. Meanwhile, those who can experience GDPT are 6.2% in 2021 and are estimated to increase to 6 .9% in 2045. The 2018 Riskesdas results showed that 30.8% of the population aged 15 years and over could experience TGT, while 26.3% could experience GDPT. The results of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2007 showed that the prevalence of prediabetes was almost double the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely 10.2%. This study aims to determine the relationship between central obesity and the incidence of prediabetes at the Jati Ranggon Community Health Center, Bekasi City in 2023. This research uses a cross-sectional study design with secondary data from the Jati Ranggon Public Health Center. The total sample was 1241 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study. Data analysis uses cox regression. The prevalence of prediabetes was 18.8%. In the final model of this study, it is known that central obesity has a relationship with the incidence of prediabetes after controlling for general obesity with a value of p=<0.001 and PR=1.87 (95% CI; 1.40-2.50). Key words: Central Obesity, Prediabetes.
Relationship of Central Obesity to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Ages Group ≥45 years (Analysis of Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance Data of Jakarta Capital City Special Region 2015). Diabetes mellitus type 2 is the leading cause of 1.6 million deaths worldwide, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing significantly throughout the world and in Indonesia. Central obesity has an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, central obesity and the relationship between central obesity to type 2 diabetes mellitus in the age group ≥ 45 years. The study design used was cross section with logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The data sources analyzed are non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance data in 2015. There are 2127 respondents who meet the criteria that can be analyzed. The results showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 12.5% and the prevalence of central obesity was 39.6%. The relationship of central obesity to type 2 diabetes mellitus with POR 2.14 (95% CI 1.62-2.81) that means respondents with central obesity are 2.14 times more likely to develop type 2 DM than non-obese central respondents. Efforts to prevent the increase in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus is continuous education to the public against risk factor central obesity by counseling individuals at risk and in the central obesity group. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, central obesity, surveillance .
Kata Kunci: Penyakit Jantung Koroner, Obesitas Sentral.
Coronary heart disease is a degenerative disease that remains a health problem in the world. One of the factors of coronary heart disease are central obesity. The percentage of central obesity status is increased from 2007 to 2013. This study was conducted to examine the relationship of central obesity to coronary heart disease. The study design used is cross sectional and use data Riskesdas 2013. Samples were all residents aged 45 years and over who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of coronary heart disease was 1.2 and there is corelation between central obesity status of coronary heart disease at the age of 45 years and over in Indonesia in 2013 after being controlled by confounding variables. Confounding factors that are diabetes, hypertension, and smoking behavior. In addition, there is an interaction by confounding variables to central obesity, namely diabetes and smoking. Therefore, required health promotion ranging from coronary heart disease health promotion both primary prevention and secondary prevention.
Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease, Central Obesit
Obesitas sentral yang merupakan kondisi kelebihan lemak yang terpusat pada daerah perut (visceral/intra-abdominal fat), menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yang penting karena merupakan faktor risiko utama sindrom metabolik seperti peradangan sistemik, hiperlipidemia, resistensi insulin, dan penyakit kardiovaskular yang termasuk di dalamnya penyakit jantung iskemik dan stroke. Prevalensi obesitas sentral sangat tinggi di Indonesia dan meningkat terus termasuk di DKI Jakarta. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan diet nabati atau vegetarian memiliki risiko lebih rendah mengalami obesitas sentral dibandingkan dengan diet non-vegetarian. Penelitian mengenai obesitas sentral pada kelompok vegetarian masih terbatas di Indonesia.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian dan faktor risiko obesitas sentral pada vegetarian dan non-vegetarian usia dewasa 18-59 tahun di DKI Jakarta tahun 2025. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross-Sectional dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Total sampel adalah 161 orang yang terdiri dari vegetarian dan non-vegetarian berusia 18 – 59 tahun yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan di DKI Jakarta pada bulan Maret 2025.
Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah obesitas sentral dan variabel independennya adalah jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan status pernikahan, jenis diet, asupan energi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, asupan serat, aktivitas fisik, durasi tidur, tingkat stres. Data antropometri yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah lingkar pinggang atau waist circumference (WC).
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi kejadian obesitas sentral pada responden sebesar 59,6%, dengan prevalensi obesitas sentral pada responden non-vegetarian sebesar 71,7%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden vegetarian 52,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara obesitas sentral dengan jenis kelamin (p-value = 0,033), jenis diet vegetarian dan non-vegetarian (p-value = 0,026), aktivitas fisik (p-value = 0,000) dan durasi tidur (p-value = 0,000). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor yang paling paling dominan berhubungan dengan obesitas sentral adalah aktivitas fisik dengan nilai OR = 4,680 (95% CI: 2,001 – 10,948) setelah dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin, usia, jenis diet, asupan energi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, asupan serat dan durasi tidur.
Prevalensi obesitas sentral pada responden vegetarian menunjukkan angka cukup tinggi. Walaupun diet vegetarian kaya akan serat, antioksidan, fitokimia dan mikronutrien, dan cenderung lebih rendah kalori dan lemak jenuh dibandingkan dengan diet non-vegetarian, namun diet vegetarian belum menjamin pasti sehat bila pemilihan makanan dan juga gaya hidup yang dijalankan tidak sehat.
Central obesity, also known as abdominal obesity, is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation around the abdominal area (visceral/intra-abdominal fat). It has become a significant public health issue as it is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome including systemic inflammation, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease and stroke. Its prevalence in Indonesia is increasing, particularly in DKI Jakarta. Various studies indicate that plant-based or vegetarian diets are associated with a lower risk of central obesity compared to non-vegetarian diets. However, research on central obesity among vegetarians in Indonesia remains limited. This study aims to describe the incidence and risk factors of central obesity among vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults aged 18–59 in DKI Jakarta in 2025. This research uses a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The total sample consists of 161 vegetarians and non-vegetarians selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted in DKI Jakarta in March 2025. The dependent variable is central obesity, while the independent variables include sex, age, education level, marital status, type of diet, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, fiber intake, physical activity, sleep duration, and stress level. The anthropometric data measured were waist circumference (WC). The results showed that the prevalence of central obesity among respondents was 59.6%, with a higher prevalence in non-vegetarians (71.7%) compared to vegetarians (52.5%). Bivariate analysis indicated significant associations between central obesity and sex (p = 0.033), dietary type (vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian) (p = 0.026), physical activity (p = 0.000), and sleep duration (p = 0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that physical activity was the most dominant factor associated with central obesity, with an OR = 4.680 (95% CI: 2.001–10.948) after controlling for sex, age, dietary type, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, fiber intake, and sleep duration. The relatively high prevalence of central obesity among vegetarian respondents suggests that although vegetarian diets are typically rich in fiber, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and micronutrients and tend to be lower in calories and saturated fat than non-vegetarian diets, they do not automatically guarantee health benefits if poor food choices and unhealthy lifestyle habits persist.
