Drug users in Indonesia are threatened by many health and social challenges of which HIV, HBV and HCV are dominant and hence the utilization of health services is vital for them. This study was aimed to determine the individual factors that influence the health service utilization among drug users in west Java (Bandung), Indonesia. We used secondary data from the National Drug Survey Indonesia 2008, with a sample size of 130 drug users. The individual determinant of health service utilization were studied in three categories, predisposing, enabling and need factors we found that living with parents, drug overdose, respiratory and miscellaneous symptoms were significantly associated with health service utilization. Those living with parents were more likely to use health services than those living with others. Those who had Digestive and Miscellaneous symptoms and did not experience drug overdose were also more likely to use health service utilization. We did not find any association among the predisposing factors and health service utilization among drug users.

Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) memegang peranan penting dalam penanganan awal trauma berat untuk mencegah kematian maupun kecacatan. IGD Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) telah menerapkan sistem “Cipto Code Trauma” sejak 2019 untuk menjamin waktu tanggap trauma berat < 5 menit, meski capaiannya belum memenuhi target. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang menjadi determinan waktu tanggap trauma berat di IGD RSCM, yang diharapkan dapat bermanfaat untuk perbaikan sistem. Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif terhadap pasien trauma berat yang berkunjung ke IGD RSCM tahun 2023-2024. Analisis dilakukan terhadap faktor pasien, struktur, dan proses layanan. Dari 124 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, karakteristik pasien terbanyak yaitu usia dewasa, laki-laki, dengan mekanisme kecelakaan lalu lintas, dan memiliki lebih dari 1 jenis cedera. Pasien umumnya datang tanpa Ambulans dan tanpa komunikasi pra-RS. Tanda vital saat datang sebagian besar normal. Pasien terbanyak datang pada malam hari, saat kondisi IGD padat, dengan jumlah tenaga di IGD mencukupi. Hanya 51,6 % pasien menggunakan jaminan. Rerata waktu tanggap trauma berat yaitu 12 menit 42 detik. Didapatkan bahwa faktor usia pasien, transportasi menggunakan Ambulans, frekuensi nadi saat pasien datang, waktu shift pelayanan di IGD, dan jumlah tim yang bertugas berhubungan dengan waktu tanggap pasien trauma berat di IGD RSCM. Waktu tanggap trauma berat tidak berhubungan dengan luaran pasien yaitu kebutuhan perawatan intensif maupun kematian.

Emergency Room (ER) plays a significant role in the initial management of severe trauma to prevent morbidity or mortality. Since 2019, ER of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) have established “Cipto Code Trauma” system to ensure the response time of < 5 minutes, although the target has not yet been achieved. This study is performed to determine factors associated with response time for severe trauma in ER CMH, which could be beneficial for system improvement. This is a retrospective study on severe trauma patients admitted to ER CMH from 2023-2024. Analysis performed towards patient, structure, and process factors. Among the 124 samples fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, most patients are adults, men, due to traffic injury, and had more than 1 injury. Patients generally came without Ambulance nor prehospital communication. Vital signs were mostly normal. Patients mostly came on the night shift, during a crowded ER, and received by an adequate number of ER staff. Only 51,6 % of patients were covered with insurance. Mean response time was 12 minutes and 42 seconds. Patients’ age, Ambulance transportation, initial heart rate, time of service by shift, and number of personnel are associated with response time for severe trauma in ER CMH. Response time for severe trauma is not associated with the outcome of critical care requirement or mortality.