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Kata Kunci: Gangguan Pernapasan, PHBS, Balita
Hygiene issues are one of the most difficult issues to solve in Desa Sedari, especially sanitation on households. Poor home sanitation is a reflection of how Healthy and Clean Living on Household (PHBS) implementation on their life. If the quality of sanitation is poor, then it will affect and increase the risk of disease transmission, one of which is respiratory distress especially in toddlers. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design with proportionate stratified random sampling with 90 samples to take on 6 hamlets. The results of this study conclude that 5 indicators of Healthy and Clean Lifestyle (parental smoking behavior, nutritional status and basic immunization, exclusive breastfeeding, hand washing behavior, healthy eating), resulting with only basic immunization had significant association with respiratory distress in toddler in Deas Sedari (p = 0,013), while from the environmental factors (density of occupancy, lighting and house ventilation), the only one that has a significant relationship is the density of occupancy (p = 0,002). From the result of the logistic regression test was found that the density of occupancy (OR = 7,858) and basic immunization (OR = 2,685) is the most dominant risk factors for respiratory distress in toddlers in Desa Sedari. Intervention must be held due to promoting the importance of basic immunization and to socialize the vaccine administration among mothers and pregnant woman, as well as expansion of house ventilation and reduce the accumulation of people in one room.
Key Words: Respiratory distress, Healthy and Clean Lifestyle, Toddlers
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intake pajanan H2S terhadap munculnya gejala gangguan pernapasan pada masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar TPA Cipayung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 90 orang yang tinggal dengan jarak ≤ 500 meter dari TPA. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan pengambilan sampel H2S ambien di 9 titik yang terletak di sekitar pemukiman masyarakat.
Hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya pengaruh antara intake pajanan H2S terhadap gejala gangguan pernapasan (p value=0,012; OR=10,5; CI 95%=1,25-88,02). Hasil analisis multivariat ditemukan adanya pengaruh intake pajanan H2S terhadap gejala gangguan pernapasan setelah dikontrol variabel lama bermukim (p value=0,026; OR=6,78; CI 95%= 1,612-64,572). Diperlukan langkah cepat dan upaya pengelolaan yang tepat dari Pemerintah Kota Depok dan TPA Cipayung beserta stakeholder terkait agar dapat mencegah atau mengurangi risiko gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar TPA Cipayung.
Air pollution is a health problem that can cause death. NO 2 is a gas that contributes to increase air pollution resulting from industrial activities. One industry that produces NO 2 gas emissions is the steel industry, especially from boiler and furnace equipment. In West Cikarang there is a steel industry that has the potential to emit NO 2 emissions and cause health risks to the surrounding community. This study aims to look at the large environmental risks due to NO 2 exposure and analyze the effect of individual characteristics on respiratory disorders in the community around the steel industry. The design of this research is Cross Sectional with ARKL approach. The results show that there are 3 respondents living in a radius of <500 meters around the steel industry with a real time RQ> 1. And in the estimated 30 years (life span) there are 6 respondents who have an RQ> 1. The variable that is significantly related is the disease history variable with OR 3.86 95% CI (1,593 -9,351) after being controlled with nutritional status variables. In this study, it is necessary to control the risk of respondents who have a distance of <500 meters from the steel industry.
ABSTRAK Gangguan pernapasan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada bayi/balita. Pembakaran batu kapur yang terletak di Desa Tamansari Kabupaten Karawang gangguan pernapasan masih menempati urutan teratas dari data 10 besar penyakit yang diderita oleh bayi/balita. Partikel debu dari proses pembakaran batu kapur merupakan salah satu pencemar terhadap udara lingkungan yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi PM10 dalam rumah yang berdampak buruk pada masalah gangguan pernapasan penghuni rumah termasuk bayi dan balita yang sangat rentan terhadap bahan pencemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan antara konsentrasi PM10 dalam rumah dengan gangguan pernapasan pada bayi dan balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi crosssectional dengan besar sampel 130 bayi/balita. Data PM10 dan variabel lainnya dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran, interview dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan gangguan pernapasan pada bayi/balita adalah PM10 dalam rumah (4,92; 2,25-10,74), ventilasi (2,62; 1,18-5,79), jenis dinding (2,33; 1,10-4,95), kelembaban (2,35; 1,10-5,04), suhu (2,44; 1,15-5,18), asap rokok (5,40; 1,74-16,75), dan pendidikan ibu (2,86; 1,16-7,07) dengan kejadian gangguan pernapasan. Disimpulkan bahwa Kelompok yang berisiko ( konsentrasi PM10 > 70 μg/m3) 13,42 kali berpeluang untuk mengalami gangguan pernapasan dibandingkan pada kelompok yang tidak berisiko (konsentrasi PM10 ≤ 70 μg/m3).
ABSTRACT Respiratory disease is a health problem that often occur on infants/young children. Limestone combustion located around the village of Tamansari, Karawang District and respiratory disease still tops the list of 10 diseases suffered by infants/young children. Dust particles from the process of limestone combustion is one of the environmental air pollutants that affect indoor PM10 concentration. This can adversely affect the respiratory disease inside the household, including infants/young children who are vulnerable to pollutants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the indoor PM10 concentration and respiratory diseases in infants/young children. Study design was cross-sectional, conducted on 130 infants/young children. PM10 and data of other variables collected through measurement, interviews and observation. The results showed that the variables significantly associated with respiratory diseases in infants/young children are indoor PM10 (4.92; 2.25-10.74), ventilation (2.62; 1.18-5.79), type of wall (2.33; 1.10-4.95), humidity (2.35; 1.10-5.04), temperature (2.44; 1.15-5.18), smoking family members (5.40 ; 1.74-16.75), maternal education (2.86; 1.16-7.07) with the occurrence of respiratory disease. Risk analysis shows that at-risk group (PM10 concentrations>70 μg/m3) are 13,42 times have the risk experiencing respiratory disorders than the non-risk group (PM10 concentrations ≤ 70 μg/m3).
Kata Kunci: TSP, Gangguan Pernapasan, Analisis Risiko Pajanan TSP
Total dust or TSP is the total amount of dust suspended in the air with aparticle size below 100μm. TSP Exposure suspended in the air, especially in theambient air can have a negative impact on the surrounding environment and cancause health problems in humans, especially respiratory disorders. One of thelargest TSP source in Indonesia itself is a construction project that is being carriedout by the Government of Indonesia, especially in Jakarta. Therefore, this studywas conducted to calculate the risks accepted by the population, especiallyconstruction workers against exposure to TSP in ambient air to the emergence ofrespiratory disorder in Becakayu Toll Road Construction Project. Risk iscalculated with the method of Environmental Health Risk Assessment basedmethod that returns a value Louvar Intake received individual exposure per daybased on the exposure concentration, activity patterns of individuals, and thevalue of anthropometry. TSP concentration used for the calculation of the level ofrisk is the concentration of TSP in the three highest point of concentration and thehighest activity level of construction activity, while activity patterns andanthropometric values measured using a questionnaire at 56 respondents workingin the Becakayu Toll Road Construction Project Area. The result of thecalculation of risk acceptable lifetime show all risky research points to the valueof RQ> 1. Required a risk management to minimize the negative impacts receivedby workers and the public about the project.
Key word: TSP, Respiratory Disoders, Risk Assessment of TSP Exposure
