Abstrak:
Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian pada jemaah haji. Karakteristik jemaah haji Indonesia yang didominasi kelompok usia lanjut serta tingginya prevalensi penyakit tidak menular berpotensi meningkatkan risiko terjadinya PJK. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner pada jemaah haji Provinsi Sumatera Barat tahun 2025 serta menggambarkan risiko gangguan kesehatan jemaah haji berdasarkan pendekatan risiko bencana. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan sumber data sekunder pemeriksaan kesehatan jemaah haji yang berasal dari Sistem Komputerisasi Haji Terpadu Bidang Kesehatan (Siskohatkes) terhadap 4.688 jemaah haji. Analisis faktor risiko dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Analisis risiko gangguan kesehatan dilakukan menggunakan kerangka risiko bencana yang mengintegrasikan komponen bahaya (hazard), kerentanan (vulnerability), dan kapasitas adaptif (adaptive capacity), kemudian divisualisasikan dalam bentuk pemetaan wilayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi PJK sebesar 6,53%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian PJK adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki (aPOR=1,29; 95%CI:1,02–1,63), usia lanjut (lansia muda aPOR=2,12; 95%CI:1,63–2,76; lansia madya aPOR=2,40; 95%CI:1,69–3,40; lansia tua aPOR=2,05; 95%CI:1,09–3,86), dan anemia (aPOR=4,37; 95%CI:1,13–16,86). Anemia memiliki besaran risiko tertinggi namun dengan interval kepercayaan yang relatif lebar sehingga perlu diinterpretasikan secara hati-hati. Hasil analisis risiko gangguan kesehatan berdasarkan pendekatan risiko bencana menunjukkan adanya variasi tingkat risiko antar kabupaten/kota, dengan Kota Padang termasuk dalam kategori risiko sangat tinggi, dan Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Kabupaten Solok, dan Kota Solok memiliki risiko yang tinggi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan Diperlukan integrasi data kesehatan antara Siskohatkes dan BPJS Kesehatan untuk mendukung pemantauan kesehatan jemaah secara longitudinal, penguatan pembinaan kesehatan berbasis faktor risiko melalui Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) sejak memperoleh nomor porsi hingga keberangkatan, penilaian kembali istitaah kesehatan pada masa praembarkasi, serta peningkatan kapasitas adaptif di wilayah prioritas guna menurunkan risiko gangguan kesehatan jemaah haji.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among Hajj pilgrims. The characteristics of Indonesian Hajj pilgrims, who are predominantly older adults and have a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, may increase the risk of CHD. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for coronary heart disease among Hajj pilgrims from West Sumatra Province in 2025 and to describe the risk of health problems among Hajj pilgrims using a disaster risk approach. A cross-sectional study design was employed using secondary data from the Integrated Hajj Health Information System (Sistem Komputerisasi Haji Terpadu Bidang Kesehatan (SISKOHATKES) involving 4,688 Hajj pilgrims. Risk factor analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. The analysis of health problem risk was conducted using a disaster risk framework integrating the components of hazard, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity, and the results were visualized through spatial mapping. The results showed that the prevalence of CHD was 6.53%. Factors associated with CHD were male sex (aPOR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.63), older age (young-old: aPOR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.63–2.76; middle-old: aPOR=2.40; 95% CI: 1.69–3.40; oldest-old: aPOR=2.05; 95% CI: 1.09–3.86), and anemia (aPOR=4.37; 95% CI: 1.13–16.86). Anemia had the strongest association with CHD; however, its relatively wide confidence interval indicates that the finding should be interpreted with caution. The disaster risk analysis demonstrated variations in the level of health risk across districts and municipalities, with Padang City classified as a very high-risk area, while Mentawai Islands Regency, Pesisir Selatan Regency, Solok Regency, and Solok City were classified as high-risk areas. This study recommends integrating health data between SISKOHATKES and BPJS Kesehatan to support longitudinal health monitoring of Hajj pilgrims, strengthening risk-based health coaching through the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) from the time pilgrims obtain their Hajj registration number until departure, conducting a reassessment of health istita'ah during the pre-embarkation period, and enhancing adaptive capacity in priority areas to reduce the risk of health problems among Hajj pilgrims.