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Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air Inhahalation
Lead is one of the toxic chemicals causing dangerous air pollution in the environment and its very dangerous for human health whose toxicity lasts for a lifetime because lead accumulates in the human body. Lead is one of the components of the battery that is needed as the basic material for making batteries. Used batteries can be recycled by melting the lead contained in the plates into black bars that can be reused as raw material for making new batteries. This research was aimed to assess the magnitude of emerging health risk of ambient air Pb exposure to residence at smelter batteries area. This study uses a design of public health risk analysis or also called Public Health Assessment. The subject of this study is the human population at risk of being exposed to Pb in this case the people living around the former battery smelter in Cinangka Village. The highest concentration of Pb measured in the former battery smelting area was 0,91 μg/Nm3 and the lowest concentration was 0,04 μg/Nm3. The biggest intake realtime received by individual was 12,64 × 10-5 mg/Kg/day. The results of the calculation of individual RQ were found that 10,9% (11 respondents) who had a non-carcinogen risk and needed risk management actions. Most of the respondents were experienced one of the symptoms of respiratory problems as much as 86,1%. Further research on particle toxicology evaluation is recommended.
Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air, Inhalation
Industri agrokimia menghadapi risiko keselamatan tinggi akibat penggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya dan proses produksi yang kompleks. Safety leadership menjadi krusial dalam menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang aman dan meminimalkan risiko kecelakaan serta dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil safety leadership di PT X dan menganalisis implementasinya berdasarkan LEAD Model. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed method, dengan data kuantitatif melalui kuesioner yang diadaptasi dari LEAD Scale dan data kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan tinjauan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa safety leadership di PT X memiliki karakteristik yang positif dengan dimensi Leverage, Energise, Adapt, dan Defend. Dimensi Leverage menunjukkan skor tertinggi (4,56), menandakan efektivitas pemimpin dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya. Namun, dimensi Defend memiliki skor terendah (4,12), menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan dalam strategi perlindungan dan mitigasi risiko. Subdimensi dengan skor tertinggi adalah Clarity (4,63), sedangkan yang terendah adalah Accountability (4,12). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa PT X telah berhasil menerapkan safety leadership dengan baik, namun masih ada ruang untuk peningkatan, terutama dalam aspek akuntabilitas. Saran yang diberikan meliputi pengembangan sistem pemantauan yang lebih efektif, mendorong keterlibatan aktif karyawan dalam program keselamatan, dan membangun budaya keselamatan yang proaktif.
The agrochemical industry faces high safety risks due to the use of hazardous chemicals and complex production processes. Safety leadership is crucial in creating a safe work environment and minimizing the risk of accidents and negative impacts on workers' health. This study aims to analyze the safety leadership profile at PT X and evaluate its implementation based on the LEAD Model. The research method employs a mixed- method approach, utilizing quantitative data collected through questionnaires adapted from the LEAD Scale and qualitative data through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document reviews. The study results indicate that safety leadership at PT X exhibits positive characteristics across the dimensions of Leverage, Energise, Adapt, and Defend. The Leverage dimension scored the highest (4.56), indicating the effectiveness of leaders in utilizing resources. However, the Defend dimension scored the lowest (4.12), highlighting the need for improvements in protection strategies and risk mitigation. The subdimension with the highest score is Clarity (4.63), while Accountability scored the lowest (4.12). The conclusion of this study is that PT X has successfully implemented safety leadership, but there is still room for improvement, particularly in accountability aspects. Recommendations include developing a more effective monitoring system, encouraging active employee participation in safety programs, and fostering a proactive safety culture.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh timbal dalam darah ibu hamil terhadap berat badan lahir bayi. Dilaksanakan di Desa Cinangka, Kec.Ciampea, Kab.Bogor pada Januari - Juni 2016 dengan desain kohort prospektif terhadap 31 ibu hamil. Proporsi ibu hamil yang terpajan timbal melebihi dari batas aman yang ditetapkan oleh WHO, yaitu 10 μg/dl adalah sebesar 51.6%.
Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat kuat antara kadar timbal dalam darah ibu dengan berat badan lahir bayi dan berpola negatif, artinya semakin tinggi kadar timbal dalam darah ibu, maka semakin rendah berat badan lahir bayi (r= -0,880) dengan nilai p < 0,001. Model akhir dari analisis multivariat diperoleh koefisien B untuk variabel kadar timbal sebesar -60.264. Artinya, Setiap kenaikan kadar timbal dalam darah ibu sebesar 1 μg/dl, maka berat badan lahir bayi akan turun sebesar 60,264 gram setelah dikontrol variabel umur, pendapatan, dan kadar hemoglobin. Diperlukan upaya mengurangi pajanan timbal dengan menghentikan kegiatan peleburan aki bekas yang masih beroperasi, memberi penyuluhan pada masyarakat tentang bahaya dan dampak pencemaran lingkungan khususnya timbal, dan melanjutkan program enkapsulisasi tanah tercemar timbal.
Lead contaminant may give negative impact for human health. Lead substance ina mother's blood feared would be bad for the health of fetus. In Bogor Regency in 2014, LBW was a number one out of twenty one disease patterns case of hospitalized patient aged 0 - < 1 years old with new case of 1.801 people (24.45%). Cinangka Village is a place for illegal smelting batteries since 1987, and it has been confirmed as lead-contamination source.
This research aims to analyze the impact of lead in pregnant woman's blood towards the baby's birthweight. The research was conducted in Cinangka Village, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency in January - June 2016 using the prospective cohort design with 31 pregnant women as respondents. The proportion of pregnant women exposed to lead that exceeds the safe limit stipulated by the WHO, which is 10 μg/dl, is 51.6%.
The bivariate analysis result indicates that there is indeed a strong relationship between blood lead level of the mothers' and the baby's birthweight, and it is inversely related: the higher the blood lead level of the mothers', the lower the baby's birthweight (r= -0,880) with value of p < 0,001. In the final model of multivariate analysis, it is discovered that the coefficient B for lead level variable is -60.264, which means that for each increase in the level of lead in the blood of mothers by 1 g / dl, the baby's birthweight will decrease by 60.264 grams after controlled by age, income, and hemoglobin concentration. Serious efforts need to be done to reduce the exposure to lead by stopping the smelting batteries activities, providing counseling for the people regarding the danger and impact of environmental pollution, particularly lead, and continuing the lead contaminated soil encapsulisation.
Background: The reduction of bone mass density is one of the negative impacts of lead. Lead can be found in decomposition of garbage piles at open dumping. TPA Namo Bintang had closed in 2013 but estimated that the decomposition process is still ongoing so that lead in leachate is a risk factor for people who lived around the landfill. Objective: To analyze the influence of lead against bone density. Method: This study used cross sectional design. Data collected in Desa Namo Bintang Kecamatan Pancur Batu Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara Indonesia amounted to 96 respondents who age> 18. Data collection was done by interviewed and measurement. Age, sex, body mass index, exercise, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, frequency of osteoporotic prevention food consumption, and coffee consumption was collected by interviewed while BMD was measured by QUS Densitometer (Quantitative Ultra Sound) and Lead Blood Level measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Results: 24% of respondents had high lead levels, and 49% had osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was affected by age (p = 0.008) and milk consumption as osteoporotic prevention food (p = 0.002). Factors affecting bone mass density were age and milk consumption, while lead was unrelated. Suggestions: Osteoporosis can be prevented by healthy lifestyle such as exercise and consumption of foods contains calcium. Keywords: bone mass density, lead, open dumping.
