Secara global, populasi lansia terus bertambah seiring dengan kemajuan sektor kesehatan, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan harapan hidup dan angka kematian yang lebih rendah. Peningkatan jumlah lansia di Indonesia berlangsung dalam kurun waktu sekitar 50 tahun pada 1971-2021. Pada tahun 2021, proporsi lansia mencapai 10,82 persen, artinya Indonesia dapat dikatakan negara dengan struktur penduduk tua (ageing population). Diproyeksikan pada tahun 2045, persentase lansia Indonesia diperkirakan akan mencapai hampir seperlima dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia atau sekitar 19,9 persen. Sehingga diperlukan perhatian terhadap upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup lansia. Jumlah usia lanjut di Kecamatan Gandus sebanyak 4.979 jiwa dengan cakupan pelayanan usia lanjut sebesar 40,3% pada tahun 2021. Penurunan kondisi fisik dan mental penduduk lansia seiring dengan bertambahnya umur, mengakibatkan para lansia sangat rawan terhadap gangguan berbagai penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan mekanisme coping dengan kualitas hidup lansia setelah dikontrol variabel konfounding usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, status tinggal bersama, dan status pernikahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah Kecamatan Gandus Kota Palembang April-Juni 2022. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi cross sectional, pengambilan sampel yaitu simple random sampling, pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuisioner pada 110 responden lansia. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada responden yang memiliki kualitas hidup baik, 75% menggunakan coping adaptif. Hasil regresi logistik menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara mekanisme coping dengan kualitas hidup lansia setelah dikontrol variabel pendidikan dan pekerjaan (p value = 0,001, CI = 2,0 - 14,8). Penggunaan mekanisme coping adaptif merupakan faktor meningkatnya kualitas hidup, peningkatan kualitas hidup ini meningkat pada lansia yang berpendidikan tinggi dan memiliki pekerjaan. Kata Kunci: Kualitas hidup, Lansia, Kecamatan Gandus, Kota Palembang, Mekanisme Coping

Globally, the elderly population continues to grow along with the progress of the health sector, which is characterized by increased life expectancy and lower mortality rates. The increase in the elderly population in Indonesia lasted for 50 years in 1971-2021. In 2021, the proportion of elderly reached 10.82 percent, it means that Indonesia is described as a country with an aging population structure. It is projected that in 2045, the percentage of Indonesia's elderly is expected to reach almost one-fifth of the entire population of Indonesia or about 19.9 percent. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to efforts to improve the quality of life in elderly. The elderly population in Gandus District is 4,979 people with the elderly service coverage of 40.3% in 2021. The decline in the physical and mental condition of the elderly population along with increasing age, makes the elderly very vulnerable to various diseases. This study aims to determine the relationship between coping mechanisms and the quality of life in elderly after controlling for the confounding variables of age, gender, education, occupation, cohabitation status, and marital status. This research was conducted in the Gandus District, Palembang City in April-June 2022. The study used a cross-sectional study design, sampling was simple random sampling, data collection was carried out through interviews using questionnaires on 110 elderly respondents. The results of this study found that respondents who have a good quality of life, 75% have used adaptive coping. The results of logistic regression showed a significant relationship between coping mechanisms and quality of life in elderly after being controlled by education and work variables (p value = 0.001, CI = 2.0 - 14.8). The use of adaptive coping mechanisms is a factor to improve the quality of life, the improvement of the quality of life will increase in elderly with higher education and having a job. Keywords: Quality of life, Elderly, Gandus District, Palembang City, Coping Mechanisms

Perawat yang bertugas di rumah sakit merupakan profesi yang banyak terpapar oleh bahaya psikososial di lingkungan kerja, yang dapat menyebabkan distres. Dibutuhkan mekanisme koping perawat untuk dapat menghadapi bahaya psikososial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor psikososial dan strategi mekanisme koping dalam mengatasi distres kerja perawat di rumah sakit. Menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan pendekatan deskriptif semikuantitatif. Data primer didapat melalui survei dan wawancara mendalam, yang akan dianalisis menggunakan mixed methods. Sedangkan pengumpulan data sekunder berupa profil Rumah Sakit X, struktur organisasi dan sistem pelayanan, data jumlah perawat berdasarkan unit kerja, jumlah pasien 3 tahun terakhir. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi karakteristik individu (umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status perkawinan, masa kerja, unit kerja), karakteristik pekerjaan (tuntutan kuantitatif, tuntutan emosional, kecepatan kerja, kontrol atas waktu kerja, kesempatan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan, kualitas kepemimpinan, kejelasan peran, dukungan sosial dari supervisor, dukungan sosial dari rekan kerja, konflik peran, konflik kehidupan dan kerja, keadilan organisasi), serta mekanisme koping (problem focused coping, emotional focused coping, koping maladaptif). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stresor sebagian besar perawat berupa kecepatan kerja tinggi, kejelasan peran rendah, kualitas kepemimpinan rendah, dan dukungan dari atasan yang rendah. Namun demikian sebagian besar perawat menggunakan problem focused coping. Variabel jenis kelamin dan kesempatan mengembangkan keterampilan yang berhubungan signifikan dengan mekanisme koping, sedangkan karakteristik individu dan faktor psikososial lainnya tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa mekanisme koping perawat tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikososial yang diukur, tetapi oleh proses penilaian terhadap stresor, sumber daya berupa kemampuan adaptasi perawat serta dukungan dari rekan kerja dan keluarga. Secara keseluruhan, perawat di Rumah Sakit X mampu mempertahankan mekanisme koping yang adaptif, namun penguatan dukungan organisasi dan pengelolaan risiko psikososial tetap diperlukan untuk mencegah distres kerja berkepanjangan dan mendukung kesejahteraan perawat.

Nurses working in hospitals are a profession frequently exposed to psychosocial hazards in the workplace, which can cause distress. Nurses require coping mechanisms to cope with these risks. This study aims to identify psychosocial factors and coping strategies for managing nurses’ occupational distress in hospitals. A cross-sectional study design with a semi quantitative descriptive approach was used. Primary data were obtained through surveys and in-depth interviews, which were analyzed using mixed methods. Secondary data collection included Hospital X’s profile, organizational structure and service system, data on the number of nurses by work unit, and the number of patients over the past three years. The variables studied include individual characteristics (age, gender, education level, marital status, length of service, work unit), job characteristics (quantitative demands, emotional demands, work pace, control over work time, opportunities to develop skills, leadership quality, role clarity, social support from supervisors, social support from coworkers, role conflict, work-life conflict, organizational justice), and coping mechanisms (problem focused coping, emotional focused coping, maladaptive coping). Data analysis was carried out using univariate, bivariate, and qualitative data. The results of the study indicate that stressors for most nurses include high work pace, low role clarity, low leadership quality, and low support from superiors. However, most nurses use problem focused coping. Gender and the opportunity to develop skills were significantly related to coping mechanisms, while individual characteristics and other psychosocial factors dis not show a significant relationship. These findings indicate that nurses’ coping mechanisms are not only influenced by the psychosocial factors measured, but also by the process of assessing stressors, as well as resources in the form of nurses’ adaptability and support from colleagues and family. Overall, nurses at Hospital X were able to maintain adaptive coping mechanisms, but strengthening organizational support and managing psychosocial risks is still needed to prevent prolonged work distress and support nurses’ well-being.