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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)) is a systemic and chronic autoimmune disease which main manifestations involve the joints. AR management requires pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. One of the pharmacological RA treatments is methotrexate (MTX). There are many factors that influence the success of RA treatment but in Indonesia there has not been found a study that examines obesity on the success of MTX treatment in RA patients in Indonesia. Researchers wanted to know the effect of obesity on MTX monotherapy failure in patients with AR Methods. A retrospective cohort study using medical records from the Rheumatology Internal Medicine Polyclinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) from March 2017 to December 2021. A descriptive and estimation analysis was performed to see the sample characteristics based on each variable and a modified Cox regression analysis to see the relationship between obesity and MTX treatment failure. Results. Of the 72 subjects, the proportion of MTX treatment failure in obese patients was 57.1% (20/35), while in patients who were not obese it was 37.8% (14/37). The risk of MTX treatment failure in obese subjects was 1.45 times that of non-obese patients (RR 1.45; 95% CI 0.76-2.78). Number of joints involved, RF factor (RF), C-reactive protein factor (CRP), age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), gender, and early onset of disease were not become confounding factors in this study. Conclusion. In this study, RA patients with obesity have an increased risk of MTX treatment failure compared to RA patients without obesity, but further studies using larger samples are needed to increase statistical power.
Pendahuluan. Artritis reumatoid (AR) adalah peradangan kronik autoimun yang terutama melibatkan persendian secara bilateral dan simetris. Walaupun memiliki prevalensi yang rendah namun jika tidak diterapi secara adekuat maka akan menimbulkan masalah persendian yang bersifat permanen, kecacatan dan gangguan fungsi sendi sehingga menimbulkan dampak secara ekonomi dan sosial pada individu yang mengalaminya. Penyakit AR ini tidak dapat disembuhkan namun penyakit ini harus tetap ditatalaksana untuk mencegah progresifitas dari penyakit itu sendiri dan saat ini prediksi kegagalan atau keberhasilan terapi MTX belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia terutama pengembangan terhadap suatu sistem skoring yang aplikatif, hal ini menjadi landasan untuk melakukan analisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kegagalan pengobatan metotreksat pada pasien AR dalam hal ini dalam skala rumah sakit yang menyesuaikan dengan kondisi di Indonesia dan melakukan pengembangan sistem skoring prediktor terhadap kegagalan monoterapi metotreksat. Metode. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi kohort retrospektif yang menggunakan data rekam medis elektronik (RME) pasien poli reumatologi penyakit dalam RSCM pada kurun waktu Oktober 2020 - September 2023. Dilakukan analisis deskriptif dan bivariat dengan menggunakan analisis chi-square yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat dengan analisis model Generalized Linear Model (GLM) dengan family Poisson untuk mendapatkan nilai koefisien, RR dengan interval kepercayaan 95% dari variabel independen terhadap kegagalan terapi monoterapi metotreksat yang dilanjutkan proses eliminasi variabel melalui metode backward. Hasil. Penelitian ini mendapatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 215 subyek setelah melalui seleksi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dan didapatkan hasil bahwa jumlah sendi nyeri ≥ 6 memiliki RR 1,52 (CI 95% 1,09-2,16), obesitas memiliki RR 1,41 (CI 95% 1,04-1,24), faktor peradangan LED memiliki RR 2,21 (CI 95%1,07-4,10) dan derajat aktifitas penyakit yang tinggi dengan RR 1,36 (CI 95% 1,03-1,79) adalah variabel yang memengaruhi kegagalan monoterapi metotreksat. Pada pembentukan skoring didapatkan skoring TOLD memiliki nilai kalibrasi dari Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit sebesar 0,29 dan nilai diskriminasi area under curve (AUC) pada kurva receiver operating characteristics (ROC) sebesar 0,71 (CI 95% 0,65-0,78; p-value 0,03). Kesimpulan. Jumlah sendi nyeri ≥ 6, obesitas, faktor peradangan LED dan derajat aktifitas penyakit yang tinggi adalah variabel yang memengaruhi kegagalan monoterapi metotreksat dan pembentukan skoring prediksi TOLD memiliki nilai diskriminasi dan kalibrasi yang cukup baik
Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammation that mainly involves the joints bilaterally and symmetrically. Even though it has a low prevalence, if it is not treated adequately, it will cause permanent joint problems, disability and impaired joint function, causing economic and social impacts on the individuals who experience it. RA disease cannot be cured but this disease must still be managed to prevent progression of the disease itself and currently predictions of failure or success of MTX therapy have never been carried out in Indonesia, especially the development of an applicable scoring system, this is the basis for conducting analysis of factors that influence methotrexate treatment failure in RA patients, in this case on a hospital scale that adapts to conditions in Indonesia and develops a predictor scoring system for failure of methotrexate monotherapy. Methods. The study used a retrospective cohort study design using electronic medical record (RME) data from patients in the RSCM internal medicine rheumatology clinic in the period October 2020 - September 2023. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was carried out using chi-square analysis followed by multivariate analysis using Generalized model analysis. Linear Model (GLM) with the Poisson family to obtain coefficient values, RR with a 95% confidence interval of the independent variable for failure of methotrexate monotherapy therapy, followed by a variable elimination process using the backward method. Results. This study obtained a sample size of 215 subjects after going through selection criteria for inclusion and exclusion, and the results showed that the number of painful joints ≥ 6 had an RR of 1.52 (CI 95% 1.09-2.16), obesity had an RR of 1.41 (CI 95% 1.04-1.24), inflammatory factor ESR had RR 2.21 (CI 95% 1.07-4.10) and high degree of disease activity with RR 1.36 (CI 95% 1.03 -1.79) are variables that influences the failure of methotrexate monotherapy. In forming the scoring, it was found that TOLD scoring had a calibration value from the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit of 0.29 and an area under curve (AUC) discrimination value on the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of 0.71 (CI 95% 0.65-0 .78; p-value 0.03). Conclusion. The number of painful joints ≥ 6, obesity, ESR inflammatory factors and a high degree of disease activity are variables that influence the failure of methotrexate monotherapy and the formation of TOLD prediction scoring has quite good discrimination and calibration values.