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Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of kidney function, a common complication found in CKD is iron deficiency anemia. To treat it, one of the available treatments is epoetin alfa, a recombinant human erythropoietin agent. This study specifically looked at the effect of epoetin alfa dose in anemic patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Retrospective cohort study design involving 240 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Primary data collection was taken in June 2022 from medical records. The analysis of the different proportions test will be carried out using the Chi-Square Fisher alternative test with a significance of p3000IU of epoetin alfa. Nutritional Status and Gender were the most influential confounding with RR >10%. Conclusion: Patients with dose of epoetin alfa >3000 IU had the possibility of increasing the Hb value 3,458 times higher than the dose of 3000 IU (95% CI 1,745 - 6,855
Penyakit Ginjal Kronik merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang prevalensinya terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Penurunan fungsi ginjal menjadi penyakit ginjal kronik tahap akhir mengakibatkan pasien harus menjalani terapi penganti ginjal semur hidup. Terapi yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini adalah hemodialisis. Meskipun alat hemodialisis telah banyak dan canggih, namun ketahanan hidup pasien PGK masih rendah. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya ketahanan hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis adalah komorbiditas atau penyakit penyerta. Komorbiditas yang saat ini paling umum pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis adalah diabetes mellitus. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort restrospektif. Probabilitas ketahanan hidup 3 bulan, 6 bulan, 9 bulan dan 1 tahun pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien dengan komorbiditas bukan diabetes mellitus. Probabilitas ketahanan hidup 3 bulan, 6 bulan, 9 bulan, 1 tahun dan pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus adalah dalah 69%, 55% 34%, dan 34% sedangkan komorbiditas bukan diabetes mellitus adalah 76%, 61%, 53% dan 51%. Secara bivariat, pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus memiliki risiko untuk meninggal 1.75 kali lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pasien komorbiditas bukan diabetes mellitus. Sementara itu dari analisis multivariat didapatkan variabel konfonder yang mempengaruhi rendahnya ketahanan hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis pada pasien dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus adalah akses vaskular.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the no-communicable diseases which increase every years. The decline of kidney function will progress to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The ESRD patients has to undurgo dialysis therapy during their lives. the most dialysis therapy is hemodialysis. Although the machine of hemodialysis are quiet a a lot and sophisticate, the survival of CKD patients is still low. One of the causes of low survival PGK patient on maintenance hemodialysis is the comorbid or present disease. Nowadays the most common comorbid for CKD patient with hemodialysis is diabetes mellitus. Research design is using Kohort Retrospective. The probability of survival of 3 months,6 months, 9 months and 1 year CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis with comorbid diabetes mellitus is lower than patients without comorbidities of diabetes mellitus. The probability ofsurvival of 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 1 year and CKD patients on maintenance with comorbid diabetes mellitus are 69%, 55% 34%, and 34% while one not comorbid diabetes mellitus are 76%, 61%, 53 % and 51%. In bivariate analysis,CKD patients on maintenance hemodialis with comorbid diabetes mellitus have a risk of dying 1.75 times faster than patients without comorbiddiabetes mellitus. Meanwhile obtained from multivariate analysis confonder variables that affect the low survival of CKD patients on maintenance in patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus is a vascular access.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, due to the increasing prevalence and incidence of CKD, poor prognosis, and high treatment costs. The epidemic of tobacco use with its main use being through smoking is one of the biggest public health threats facing the world, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between smoking behavior and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in the population aged 15 years in Indonesia. Methods: The research was conducted using quantitative methods and a a cross-sectional analytical design. The source of data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 with a total sample of 324,801 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on the results of the analysis, the prevalence of CKD incidence was 0.5% and the proportion of smoking behavior was 15.8% smoked and 1.8% had ever smoked with 14.1% the average cigarette smoked 20 cigarette/days, 14.5% smoked > 10 years, 8.0% were moderate smokers, and 11.0% smoked kretek. There is a significant relationship between smoking status, smoking duration, smoking degree, and type of cigarette with POR = 1.15 (95% CI = 1.02 ? 1.30), POR = 1.30 (95% CI = 1.15 ? 1.48), POR = 1.89 (95% CI = 1.48 ? 2.40), and POR = 1.91 (95% CI = 1.30 ? 2.80), respectively. In addition, several other risk factor variables had a significant relationship, namely age (POR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.40 ? 2.96), gender (POR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1, 30 ? 1.60), education level (POR = 1.33 95% CI = 1.20 ? 1.48), hypertension (2.43, 95% CI = 2.20 ? 2.69), diabetes mellitus ( POR = 4.2, 95% CI = 3.63 ? 4.93), heart disease (5.28, 95% CI = 4.51 ? 6.17), consumption of energy drinks (POR = 1.51, 95 % CI = 1.07 ? 2.13), and physical activity (POR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.42 ? 1.77). In addition, the modification effect variables (interaction) were identified, namely employment status, diabetes mellitus, and consumption of energy drinks, and confounding variables, namely age and gender. Conclusion: Smoking behavior, especially smoking status, duration of smoking, degree of smoking, and types of cigarettes smoked are important risk factors that need to be considered in preventing and controlling the incidence of CKD.
