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Indonesia is in the category of high-burden countries for the highest burden ofPulmonary Tuberculosis of the world, the third rank after India and China. Theeffort to overcome this disease is to do modeling the prevalence of PulmonaryTuberculosis using linear regression model globally. However, it is notnecessarily suitable to be applied in all areas because every area has differentgeographical condition, so it can lead to differences of TB cases between oneregion with another region. Therefore, the effect of geographic elements need tobe incorporated with linear regression modeling spatial or GeographicallyWeighted Regression (GWR). This study applied GWR model to assess theassociation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis prevalence by the physical condition of thehome environment, residential environment, demographic characteristics, andhealth care utilizing factors on the prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Thisstudy used a cross-sectional study design using Riskesdas Data - 2010. Samples inthis study were Riskesdas 2010 respondents aged 15 years and over in West Java.The results showed that utilize of health care is the dominant factor associatedwith the prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in each district/city of West Javaexcept Majalengka, also related employement status only in Bogor Regency.Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Linear Regression, Spatial, GWR
Kata kunci: Faktor risiko; kasus kontrol; TB paru
Pulmonary Tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, including Indonesia. Case Detection Rate (CDR) of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sukabumi is the 3rd highest among the cities in West Java Province, as the value reaches 75.83%. The aim of this study is to analyze the risk factor that affected pulmonary tuberculosis incident in Sukabumi in 2014. This study used a case control design, as the criteria of the case used were new pulmonary TB patients with at least 15 years old age, are sputum smear positive confirmed by the health care laboratory, has been treated with Anti- Tuberculosis Medications for about 4 weeks, and live in Sukabumi City, whereas the control criteria were nearest neighbors of the cases that neither did suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis nor have clinical symptoms similar to pulmonary tuberculosis based on the confirmation of the clinic staff, with at least 15 years old age, and live in Sukabumi City. The number of case samples and control samples were 58 respondents, respectively. The results of this study showed that the risk factors affecting the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sukabumi were gender (OR 7.28; 95% CI 3.161-16.782), housing density (OR 3.24; 95% CI 1.401-7.477), lighting (OR 4.06; 95% CI 1.850-8.916), sunlight existence inside the house (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.206-7.687), and smoking habit (OR 7.53; 95% CI 3.227-17.564). Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression model indicated that the male gender and the house lighting less than 60 lux were associated with the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The most dominant risk factor affecting the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sukabumi was male gender (OR 5.85; 95% CI 2.384- 13.821).
Keywords : Case control; pulmonary tuberculosis; risk factor
TB paru masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di dunia termasuk di Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara dengan prevalensi TB paru yang tinggi. Menurut hasil Riskesdas 2007 prevalensi TB paru di Indonesia sebesar 400/100.000 penduduk sedangkan hasil Riskesdas 2010 sebesar 725/100.000 penduduk begitupun di Sumatera. Selain adanya sumber penular, kejadian TB paru juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan rumah (ventilasi, pencahayaan, lantai serta kepadatan hunian rumah). Rendahnya persentase rumah sehat diduga ikut memperbesar penularan TB paru di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah hubungan kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah dengan kejadian TB paru di Sumatera berbeda berdasarkan faktor umur, jenis kelamin dan daerah tempat tinggal. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi potong lintang dengan sampel penelitian penduduk yang berumur diatas 15 tahun di Sumatera yang berjumlah 38.419 responden. Penderita TB paru didapatkan berdasarkan diagnosis tenaga kesehatan melalui pemeriksaan dahak atau rongten paru. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa faktor lingkungan fisik rumah yang berisiko terhadap kejadian TB paru di Sumatera adalah ventilasi rumah PR 1,314 (90% CI:1,034-1,670), pencahayaan PR 1,564 (90% CI:1,223-2,000) dan kepadatan hunian PR 1,029 (90% CI:0,798-1,327). Dari model akhir didapatkan bahwa hubungan lingkungan fisik rumah dengan kejadian TB paru di Sumatera berbeda signifikan berdasarkan faktor umur dan jenis kelamin.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is still a major health problem in the world, including in Indonesia as a country with a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. According to the basic medical research in 2007 obtained prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia for 400/100.000 population while the results in 2010 for 725/100.000 population as did the population in Sumatera. In addition to the transmitting source, the occurence of pulmonary tuberculosis is also influenced by house environmental factors (ventilation, lighting, flooring and density of residential houses). The low percentage of healthy homes contribute to the transmission of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the association of physical environmental conditions of the house with the occurence of pulmonary tuberculosis different by factors age, sex and area of residence in Sumatera. This study uses a cross-sectional study design with a sample of the study population over the age of 15 years in Sumatera, which amounted to 38,419 respondents. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis obtained by health professionals through the examination of sputum or lung rongten. From the research found that the factor of the physical environment the home is at risk on the occurence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sumatera is ventilated house PR 1.314 (90% CI :1.034,1.670), lighting PR 1.564 (90% CI :1.223,2.000) and the density of residential PR 1.029 (90% CI :0.798,1.327). From the final model was found that the relationship of the physical environment house with pulmonary tuberculosis occurence in Sumatera different significantly by age and gender.
