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TB is a more difficult problem than TB, because MDR TB had longer treatment, more expensive treatment and less successful treatment. In Sukabumi, the first case of MDR TB found in 2012, in the last 5 years found cases of MDR as many as 45 cases. This research aims to find the risk factors of MDR TB in Sukabumi City at 2012 -2017. This research used case control study design with cases is TB MDR and control is TB BTA (+) . Number of samples 45 respondents for each group from register TB book. The results its PMO (p = 0.04), a history of relapse treatment (p = 0.013), a history of failed treatment (p <0.005) and DOTS (p = 0,04) association with TB MDR.. To preventif TB MDR the Dinas Kesehatan always to conduct prevention efforts both with counseling for community, provision of training for health worker, monitoring and evaluation of sustainable TB program for health service. Dinas Kesehatan has supprort Puskesmas to observed risk factors of MDR TB.
ABSTRAK Nama : Noerfitri Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Analisis Survival Pengaruh Rujuk Balik dan Tipe Pasien Terhadap Kejadian Lost to Follow-up pada Pasien Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis di Indonesia Tahun 2014-2015 Pembimbing : R. Sutiawan, S.Kom, M.Si Tingginya angka insidens TB MDR di Indonesia, dibarengi dengan tingginya tingkat Lost to Follow-up (LTFU) pada pengobatan pasien TB MDR. Pasien TB resisten obat memiliki kemungkinan LTFU lebih besar dibandingkan pasien TB sensitif obat dikarenakan durasi pengobatan yang lebih lama. Selain itu, pasien TB MDR yang tidak melanjutkan pengobatannya sampai tuntas memiliki peningkatan risiko kematian akibat TB. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rujuk balik dan tipe pasien terhadap kejadian LTFU pada pasien Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB MDR) di Indonesia. Studi dilakukan pada Mei-Juni 2018 di Subdit TB – Direktorat P2PML, Ditjen P2P Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah desain studi kohort retrospektif. Jumlah sampel pada studi ini adalah 961 pasien. Sampel diambil secara total sampling. Berdasarkan status rujuk baliknya, 86,3% pasien dilakukan rujuk balik dan 13,97% pasien tidak dirujuk balik. Berdasarkan kategori tipe pasien, 35,17% kasus kambuh, 5,52% pasien baru, 13,94% pasien pernah LTFU, 23,10% kasus gagal pengobatan kategori 1, 20,29% kasus gagal pengobatan kategori 2, 1,9% lain-lain (pasien tidak diketahui riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya). Dari studi ini, diketahui bahwa proporsi kejadian LTFU sebesar 28,40% dengan kumulatif hazard LTFU sebesar sebesar 1,12 selama 39 bulan pengamatan, sehingga didapatkan hazard rate sebesar 2,88/100 orang-bulan. Hasil analisis multivariabel dengan regresi cox time-dependent menunjukkan bahwa rujuk balik menurunkan peluang terjadinya LTFU sebesar 46% (HR 0,54; 95% CI 0,35-0,84) pada kondisi variabel tipe pasien dan umur sama (adjusted). Untuk tipe pasien, tipe pernah LTFU, gagal pengobatan kategori 2 dan tidak diketahui riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya meningkatkan peluang terjadinya LTFU masing-masing sebesar 50% (HR 2,02; 95% CI 1,18-3,45), 53% (HR 2,13; 95% CI 1,240-3,66), dan 74% (HR 3,80; 95% CI 1,54-9,36) dibandingkan dengan tipe pasien kambuh (baseline) pada kondisi variabel rujuk balik, jenis kelamin, dan umur sama (adjusted). Pada laki-laki, efek tipe gagal pengobatan kategori 2 lebih rendah 0,26 kali dibandingkan dengan pasien wanita dengan tipe gagal pengobatan kategori 2. Petugas kesehatan perlu meluangkan waktu yang lebih banyak untuk memberikan komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi mengenai pengobatan TB serta mengenai manfaat rujuk balik kepada pasien TB MDR. Risiko LTFU meningkat pada pasien yang bertipe pernah LTFU, gagal pengobatan kategori 2, dan tidak diketahui riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya dibandingkan pasien dengan tipe kambuh, karena tipe kambuh sudah teruji kepatuhannya terhadap pengobatan sebelumnya. Perlunya skrinning tipe pasien dengan baik untuk mengidentifikasi risiko LTFU berdasarkan tipe pasien sejak awal pasien memulai pengobatan. Kata kunci: LTFU, rujuk balik, tipe pasien, TB MDR
ABSTRACT Name : Noerfitri Study Program : Public Health Title : Survival Analysis of Influence of Decentralization and Type of Patient on Lost to follow-up in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia 2014-2015 Supervisor : R. Sutiawan, S.Kom, M.Si The high incidence rate of MDR-TB in Indonesia is accompanied by high rate of lost to follow-up (LTFU) in the treatment of MDR-TB patients. Drug resistant TB patients have a greater risk of LTFU than drug-sensitive TB patients due to longer treatment duration. In addition, MDR-TB patients who did not continue treatment completely had an increased risk of dying from TB. The aims of this study were to determine the decentralization influence and patient type on the incidence of LTFU in MultidrugResistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Indonesia. This study was conducted in May-June 2018 at Subdirectorate of TB - Directorate of Prevention and Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Prevention and Disease Control - Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The study design was retrospective cohort. The number of samples in this study was 961 patients. Samples were taken in total sampling. Based on the decentralization status, 86.3% of patients were decentralized. Based on the type of patient category, 35.17% of relapse, 5.52% of new, 13.94% of after LTFU, 23.10% of failure category 1, 20.29% of failure category 2, 1.9 % of other patients (unknown history of previous TB treatment). The proportion of incidence of LTFU is 28.40% with cumulative hazard of LTFU equal to 1.12 during 39 months of observation, so hazard rate is 2.88 / 100 person-month. In multivariable analysis with cox regression time-dependent revealed that decentralization reduced the probability of LTFU up to 46% (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.84) after controlled by type of patient and age. For patient type, treatment after LTFU, failure category 2 and unknown history of previous TB treatment increased the probability of LTFU by 50% (HR 2,02; 95% CI 1,18-3,45), 53% (HR 2,13; 95% CI 1,240-3,66), and 74% (HR 3,80; 95% CI 1,54-9,36) consecutively compared with the type of relapse patients (baseline) after controlled by the decentralization, gender, and age. In male patients with failure treatment category 2, the effect was 0.26 times lower compared with failure category 2 in female patients. Health workers need to spend more time in communicating, informing and educating about TB treatment and the benefits of decentralization to MDR-TB patients. The risk of LTFU increased in type of patient after LTFU, treatment failure category 2, and unknown history of previous TB treatment compared with patients with relapse types. The need for good patient type screening to identify the risk of LTFU by type of patient from the initial of treatment. Keywords: LTFU, decentralization, type of patient, MDR-TB
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktorfaktor resiko yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan prevalensi kejadian TB-MDR di Kabupaten Brebes Tahun 2011-2017 adalah kepatuhan minum obat (OR 6,7; 95%CI 2,2-19,7), Riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya (OR 5,3; 95%CI 1,2-14,1), dan kesesuaian dosis/obat (OR 5,2; 95%CI 1,2-22,8).Penyuluhan atau KIE kepada pasien, keluarga dan atau PMO tentang pentingnya kepatuhan minum obat dan konsekuensi yang timbul akibat dari ketidakpatuhan minum obat sangat penting untuk mengendalikanpeningkatan kejadian TB MDR.
Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that is still the main cause of public health problems in Indonesia. The burden of tuberculosis is on the rise with the rise of MDR TB (Tuberculosis Resistant Drug Double) cases. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with increasing the prevalence of MDR TB incidence in Brebes District Year 2011-2018. The design of this study was a control case with a population of all adult tuberculosis patients in Brebes District by 2017. The number of case samples 46 and the number of control samples was 92.
The results showed that risk factors had an effect on increasing the prevalence of MDR-TB incidence in Brebes Regency 2011-2017 is medication adherence (OR 6.7, 95% CI 2.2-19.7), previous TB treatment history (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.2-14.1), and dose conformity / drug (OR 5,2; 95% CI 1,2-22,8). Counseling to patients, families and / or PMOs on the importance of medication adherence and the consequent consequences of non-adherence to taking medication is essential to control the incidence of MDR TB.
The COVID-19 pandemic situation has opened people's eyes to the importance of health, the increasing demand for health products has encouraged the logistics industry of PT X, which plays a role in the distribution of goods, to carry out overtime work to meet the high work intensity, this increases the risk of fatigue in the workplace which can reduce body function and have an impact on the health of workers and even the risk of errors in the workplace. Additionally, PT X lacks a fatigue risk management system, making it unable to do fatigue detection, thus this research aims to provide an overview of complaints and fatigue warehouse logistics workers at PT X year 2022, located in one of the DKI Jakarta region. Research design is a quantitative and qualitative with a cross-sectional study using questionnaire instruments, including the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), NASA Task Load Index (TLX), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which were then analyzed univariately and triangulated the data with the results of field interviews towards several workers and the coordinator of each team. The results showed that there were 20 workers (37.04%) experiencing light fatigue, the majority of the others (62.96%) did not experience any, and none with severe fatigue, as for the most dominant fatigue risk factor found is the workers' sleep quantity with the majority of workers (83.33%) having sleep duration below the standard of 7 hours minimum
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observatif dengan data kuantitatif. Sumber data berasal dari data sekunder berupa rekam medik RSUP Persahabatan tahun 2020. Dengan desain studi kasus kontrol, 50 sampel dalam kelompok kasus dan 100 sampel dalam kelompok kontrol dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan uji chi square, OR untuk mengetahui derajat hubungan antar variabel, dan p<0,05 sebagai batas kemaknaan.
Hasil: Usia ≤30 tahun (OR=0,30; p=0,019) dan kepatuhan minum obat (OR=6,64; p=0,000) memiliki hubungan statistik yang signifikan dengan kasus TB MDR di RSUP Persahabatan tahun 2020.
