Abstrak: Exposure to magnetic fields (MFs) is hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer by reducing production of melatonin by the pineal gland. A nested case-cohort study was conducted to investigate the association between occupational exposure to MFs and the risk of breast cancer within a cohort of 267,400 female textile workers in Shanghai, China. The study included 1,687 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed from 1989 to 2000 and 4,702 noncases selected from the cohort. Subjects' complete work histories were linked to a job-exposure matrix developed specifically for the present study to estimate cumulative MF exposure. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Cox proportional hazards modeling that was adapted for the case-cohort design. Hazard ratios were estimated in relation to cumulative exposure during a woman's entire working years. No association was observed between cumulative exposure to MFs and overall risk of breast cancer. The hazard ratio for the highest compared with the lowest quartile of cumulative exposure was 1.03 (95% confidence interval: 0.87, 1.21). Similar null findings were observed when exposures were lagged and stratified by age at breast cancer diagnosis. The findings do not support the hypothesis that MF exposure increases the risk of breast cancer.

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Abstrak: Pajanan kebisingan secara terus-menerus di tempat kerja dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan tekanan darah. PT. X merupakan pabrik tekstil yang memiliki mesin yang dapat menimbulkan kebisingan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pajanan kebisingan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pekerja di departemen spinning dan weaving. Desain studi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan besar sampel 103 pekerja yang dipilih dengan cara proportionate stratified random sampling. Variable independen pada penelitian ini adalah tingkat kebisingan dan variable dependen adalah kejadian hipertensi, dengan variable perancu yaitu karakteristik dan perilaku individu. Intensitas kebisingan di PT. X diketahui berada diatas NAB. Dari 103 pekerja, terdapat 35 (34%) pekerja mengalami hipertensi. Analisis intensitas kebisingan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pekerja mnggunakan uji chi square diketahui tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p value: 0,136). Hasil yang signifikan dengan tekanan darah tinggi pada pekerja yaitu variable usia (p value: 0,033) dan kebiasaan merokok (p value: 0,036). Hasil analisis multivariate menunjukan bahwa pekerja yang bekerja pada intensitas kebisingan diatas NAB memiliki risiko mengalami hipertensi 3,172 kali lebih besar dibandingkan pekerja yang tidak bekerja pada intensitas kebisingan diatas NAB setelah dikontrol variable usia dan kebiasaan merokok. Pekerja yang terpapar kebisingan, memiliki usia >40 tahun, dan memiliki kebiasaan merokok berisiko mengalami hipertensi. Rekomendasi yang diberikan yaitu melakukan pengukuran tekanan darah secara rutin, melakukan rotasi kerja dan menggunakan peredam suara pada area produksi.
Kata kunci: hipertensi; industri tekstil; kebisingan tempat kerja; pekerja

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Repeated noise exposure in the workplace may increase the blood pressure of workers. PT. X is a textile factory that has a machine that can cause high noise. This study aimed to determine the association between noise exposure with high blood pressure in workers in the department spinning, weaving, and dyeing. This study used cross sectional design with a sample size of 103 workers selected by proportionate stratified random sampling. The independent variable in this study is the noise exposure and the dependent variable is the high blood pressure, with confounding variables are individual characteristics and lifestyle. The result of noise exposure at PT. X above the threshold limit value (TLV) of noise. 35 (34%) out of 103 workers had hypertension. The result of statistic analysis with chi squre test showed no significant relationship between noise exposure with high blood pressure (p value: 0,136). High blood pressure has a significant relationship with age (p value: 0.033) and smoking habits (p value: 0.036). Multivariate analysis showed that workers exposed to noise above the TLV had a 3,172 times risk of hypertention han workers who were not exposed to noise above the TLV after being controlled by age and smoking habits. Workers who are exposed to noise, over 40 years old and have smoking habits have a risk of hypertension. Recommendations in this study are to measuring blood pressure routinely, rotating job, and using sound-absorbing material in the production area.
Keyword: hypertension; occupational noise; textile industry; workers

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