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Keywords : Pembayaran iuran, Asuransi Kesehatan Nasional, JKN, Peserta sektor informal, Sectio Caesarea
This study aims at examining the factors associated with adherence to pay JKN contribution among families with caesarean section in 2015. The study used crosssectional design by collecting secondary data from BPJS Kesehatan Depok and primary data from direct interviews to a sample of 98 families. There is association between adherence to pay JKN contribution with the time the patients delivered after payment channel expansion, perceived benefits during delivery, had a treatment history after delivery (both for patients and family member), and had a household head older than 34 years, higher education, had income more than Depok City minimum wage in 2015, his status as JKN member, had good knowledge and attitude towards JKN, and had no barriers to pay JKN contribution. Treatment history of family members had the strongest association to adherence. The study suggests that it still needs JKN dissemination in partnerships with other stakeholders and community empowerment efforts.
Keywords : Contribution payment, National Health Insurance, JKN, Informal sector members, Caesarean Section
Percentage of caesarean section method in Indonesia of 2012 is 12%. Thispercentage has increased when compared to the year 2007. Objective of this studywas to determine the factors affecting cesarean section method. The sample size inthis study was 17.807 respondents using secondary data IDHS of 2012. Theresults show the strength of the relationship of caesarean section method inIndonesia can be seen based on the value of odds ratio (OR), the greater of thevalue of OR will affect the greater influence on cesarean section method.OR values from the largest to the smallest in a row is: higher education(OR = 2.2), health professionals are examining is an obstetrician (OR = 2.2), highwealth levels (OR = 2.1), age is 36-40 years (OR = 1.6), urban residence (OR =1.6), respondent had delivered 1 times (OR = 1.5), the medical indications (OR =1.2), a pregnancy check in a health facility (OR = 1.1), place of birth in a healthfacility (OR = 1.1), and the frequency of ANC is 0-3 times (OR = 0.5).Key words:Caesarean section; socio-demographic; history of pregnancy; history of labor;maternal medical indications
Implementasi Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional mendapatkan berbagai tantangan salah satunya adalah peningkatan utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan yang berakibat tingginya beban biaya pelayanan kesehatan. Tren persalinan dengan metode bedah caesar mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Disertasi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan dan menyusun suatu usulan kebijakan untuk pengendalian utilisasi tindakan bedah caesar dalam penyelenggaraan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional. Jenis penelitian adalah analitik dengan mixed method melalui analisis data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif, analisis kebijakan menggunakan Eugene Bardach’s eightfold framework yang dimodifikasi oleh Collins. Penelitian kuantitif melalui analisis data rekam medis tahun 2019 pada pasien bedah caesar di tiga rumah sakit dengan aspek bisnis yang berbeda di Provinsi Jakarta. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dengan para pemangku kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Proporsi persalinan caesar dibanding normal di RSSP Y 99,3% di RSSK Z 63,66%, dan di RSUD X 13,42%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik sosial dan karakteristik medis pasien bedah caesar di ketiga rumah sakit. Tidak terdapat perbedaan upaya pengendalian utilisasi operasi bedah caesar di ketiga rumah sakit. Bekas SC 1x memiliki persentase tertinggi sebagai indikasi SC dengan persentase 41,67% di RSUD X, di RSSK Z 39,48% dan di RSSP Y 24,11%. Terdapat hubungan antara usia, adanya komplikasi dalam kehamilan, malposisi janin, hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, penyakit jantung, dengan metode persalinan ibu secara caesar. Hasil penelitian kualitatif menunjukkan belum terdapat metode/tools khusus untuk pengendalian utilisasi caesar. Berdasarkan analisis kebijakan menggunakan Bardach’s eightfold framework yang dimodifikasi oleh Collins terdapat skenario/alternatif kebijakan pengendalian utilisasi bedah caesar diantaranya penyusunan program promotive preventif yang melibatkan organisasi-organisasi profesi terkait (seperti: Kebidanan Kandungan, Penyakit Dalam, Gizi, Penyakit Jantung) dengan sasaran wanita usia subur yang merencanakan kehamilan dan ibu hamil, yang khususnya berfokus untuk meminimalisir adanya penyulit kehamilan seperti: Hipertensi, Diabetes mellitus, obesitas, penyakit jantung. Hal ini penting dalam upaya menekan penyulit kehamilan yang dapat berpotensi meningkatkan angka utiliasi bedah caesar.
The implementation of the National Health Insurance Program faces various challenges, one of which is the increase in the utilization of health services which results in high health service costs. The trend of childbirth by Caesarean section method has increased every year. This dissertation aims to analyze the policy and prepare a policy proposal for controlling the utilization of Caesarean section procedures in the implementation of the National Health Insurance program. The type of research is analytical with a mixed method through quantitative and qualitative data analysis, policy analysis using Eugene Bardach's eightfold framework modified by Collins. Quantitative research through analysis of medical record data in 2019 on caesarean section patients in three hospitals with different business aspects in Jakarta Province. Qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews with stakeholders. The results showed that the proportion of caesarean deliveries compared to normal in RSSP Y was 99.3% in RSSK Z 63.66%, and in RSUD X 13.42%. There were no differences in the social characteristics and medical characteristics of caesarean section patients in the three hospitals. There were no differences in efforts to control the utilization of caesarean section operations in the three hospitals. Former 1x CS has the highest percentage as an indication for CS with a percentage of 41.67% in RSUD X, in RSSK Z 39.48% and in RSSP Y 24.11%. There is a significant influence between age, complications in pregnancy, fetal malposition, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and the method of maternal delivery by caesarean section. The results of qualitative research indicate that there are no specific methods/tools for controlling caesarean section utilization. Based on policy analysis using Bardach's eightfold framework modified by Collins, there are scenarios/alternative policies for controlling caesarean section utilization including the preparation of promotive preventive programs involving related professional organizations (such as: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Internal Medicine, Nutrition, Heart Disease) targeting women of childbearing age who are planning pregnancy and pregnant women, which specifically focus on minimizing pregnancy complications such as: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, obesity, heart disease. This is important in an effort to reduce pregnancy complications that can potentially increase the rate of caesarean section utilization.
