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Nur Putri Setia Vanni, Arief Hargono
JBE Vol.1, No.1
Surabaya : FKM Unair, 2013
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Yeliastuti Ike Marliana, Muhammad Atoillah Isfandiari
JBE Vol.1, No.1
Surabaya : FKM Unair, 2013
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Kusuma Scorpia Lestari; Pembimbing: Rachmadi Purwana; Penguji: Dewi Susanna, Ratna Djuwita, Julitasari Sundoro, Sukanda
Abstrak:

Kasus difteri yang meningkat setiap tahunnya di Kabupaten Sidoarjo merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius. Difteri merupakan salah satu penyakit yang dapat dicegah melalui imunisasi namun dalam kurun tiga tahun tidak ada penurunan jumlah kasus. Hanya sedikit rumah sehat di Kabupaten Sidoarjo tahun 2010. Penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan desain case control. Dilaksanakan pada bulan April - Juni 2012 dengan menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 124 responden dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 31 dan jumlah kontrol sebanyak 93. Variabel yang diteliti adalah umur, jenis kelamin, pencahayaan alami, luas ventilasi rumah, kepadatan hunian, dinding rumah, lantai rumah, status imunisasi, status gizi, sumber penularan, mobilitas, pengetahuan, dan sikap ibu. Status gizi dan sikap ibu berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah sikap ibu (p value = 0,062 ; OR = 2,304). Variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pencahayaan alami, luas ventilasi rumah, dinding rumah, lantai rumah, status imunisasi, mobilitas tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri. Disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sidoarjo untuk tetap meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi dasar, memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan asupan gizi dan meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang difteri.


  The diphtheria cases raised up in Sidoarjo District is a serious health problem. Diphtheria is a preventable disease through immunization, but in the past three years there was no decreasing number of cases. A few healthy home in Sidoarjo District in 2010. This study was to identify the related factors to diphtheria with case control design. It conducted in April - June 2012 by using questionnaire, interviews, observation, and measurement. Total sample was 124 respondents which number of case 31 respondents and number of control 93 respondents. Variables in this study were age, sex, natural lighting, ventilation wide, density residential, house wall, house floor, immunity status, nutritional status, transmission source, mobility, mother`s knowledge, and mother`s attitude. Nutritional status and mother`s attitude had related to diphtheria. The most influential variable was mother`s attitude (p value = 0,062 ; OR = 2,304). Variables age, sex, natural lighting, ventilation wide, house wall, house floor, immunity status, mobility had not relationship to diphtheria. It is suggested that Sidoarjo Health Office to increase basic immunization coverage, to inform the society to improve nutritional intake and to improve knowledge about diphtheria.

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T-3595
Depok : FKM-UI, 2012
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Novi Arina Puspitasari; Pembimbing: Tris Eryando; Penguji: Artha Prabawa, Hidayat Nuh Ghazali Djadjuli
Abstrak: Difteri masih menjadi masalah serius di beberapa negara di dunia. meskipun vaksinasi difteri telah rutin dilaksanakan sejak tahun 70-an, masih terjadi laporan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) difteri terutama di negara berkembang. Menurut WHO, pada tahun 2000, dilaporkan 30.000 kasus dan 3.000 kematian karena difteri di dunia. Salah satu upaya pengendalian penyakit difteri adalah dengan penguatan sistem surveilans difteri. Dimana surveilans difteri berperan penting untuk menilai dampak dan sebagai sistem kewaspadaan dini agar bisa dilakukan penanggulangan difteri secara tepat dan cepat. Sistem surveilans yang baik sangat diperlukan untuk melihat pengembangan penyakit dan meminimalisir penularan penyakit. Untuk itu perlu adanya evaluasi system surveilans difteri di wilayah Dinas Kota Depok. Metode ini menggunakan pendekatan system yang terdiri dari input, proses, dan output. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok dan dua Puskesmas di Wilayah Kota Depok. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dalam penyelenggaraan surveilans difteri ditemukan beberapa hambatan yakni kurangnya pelatihan bagi tenaga kesehatan surveilans di Dinas Kesehatan dan beban kerja yang tinggi di Puskesmas. Selain itu ketepatan dan kelengkapan laporan yang masih belum tepat waktu, diperlukan adanya sistem surveilans difteri agar surveilans difteri berjalan dengan baik.

Diphtheria is still a serious problem in several countries in the world. although diphtheria vaccination has been routinely carried out since the 70s, there are still reports of diphtheria outbreaks, especially in developing countries. According to WHO, in 2000, 30,000 cases were reported and 3,000 deaths from diphtheria in the world. One effort to control diphtheria is by strengthening the diphtheria surveillance system. Where diphtheria surveillance plays an important role to assess the impact and as an early vigilance system so that the diphtheria prevention can be carried out appropriately and quickly. A good surveillance system is needed to see the development of disease and minimize transmission of disease. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate the diphtheria surveillance system in the Depok City Service area. This method uses a system approach consisting of input, process, and output. The data sources used are primary and secondary data obtained from in-depth interviews, observations, and document review. This research was conducted at the Depok City Health Office and two Puskesmas in the Depok City Area. Based on the results of the study, it was found that in the implementation of diphtheria surveillance there were several obstacles, namely the lack of health workers for surveillance at the Health Office and high workload at the Puskesmas. In addition, the accuracy and completeness of the reports are still not on time, and a diphtheria surveillance system is needed so that diphtheria surveillance works well.were collected by means of deep interview. The researcher suggests that library should improve the user education program and provide facilities which can help students to be information literate. 
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S-9910
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S1 - Skripsi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Alfredo Morabia
Abstrak: Wade Hampton Frost, who was a Professor of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University from 1919 to 1938, spurred the development of epidemiologic methods. His 6 publications in the American Journal of Hygiene, which later became the American Journal of Epidemiology, comprise a 1928 Cutter lecture on a theory of epidemics, a survey-based study of tonsillectomy and immunity to Corynebacterium diphtheriae (1931), 2 papers from a longitudinal study of the incidence of minor respiratory diseases (1933 and 1935), an attack rate ratio analysis of the decline of diphtheria in Baltimore (1936), and a 1936 lecture on the age, time, and cohort analysis of tuberculosis mortality. These 6 American Journal of Hygiene /American Journal of Epidemiology papers attest that Frost's personal evolution mirrored that of the emerging "early" epidemiology: The scope of epidemiology extended beyond the study of epidemics of acute infectious diseases, and rigorous comparative study designs and their associated quantitative methods came to light.
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AJE Vol.178, No.7
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2013
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sadiah Nurul Falah; Pembimbing: Helda; Penguji: Asri C Adisasmita, Purnama Magdalena Simanullang , Hidayat Nuh Ghazali
Abstrak:

Difteri masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Kabupaten Garut terdapat 100 kasus difteri dengan CFR sebesar 17,2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan status imunisasi dan riwayat kontak dengan kejadian difteri di Kabupaten Garut tahun 2023–2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix-method. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain case control (1:2) dengan matching individu berdasarkan usia dan tempat tinggal. Jumlah responden sebanyak 141 anak (47 kasus dan 94 kontrol) yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling dari data KLB. Analisis kondisional regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menghitung odds ratio (OR) dan 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan terkait menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Sebagian besar anak pada kelompok kasus tidak diimunisasi (74,47%) dan memiliki riwayat kontak dengan penderita difteri (76,6%). anak yang tidak diimunisasi dan memiliki riwayat kontak berisiko 9 kali untuk terkena difteri dibandingkan dengan yang imunisasi lengkap (95%CI: 2,67-31,79). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status imunisasi dan kejadian difteri (OR=5,82; 95% CI: 2,17–15,61; p=0,0001) sebelum mengontrol kovariat. Setelah mengontrol kovariat, terdapat hubungan antara status imunisasi dan kejadian difteri (OR=3,08; 95% CI: 1,40–23,79; p=0,008). Hasil kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial-budaya, agama, penolakan imunisasi, serta sistem surveilans yang belum optimal sebelum KLB turut memengaruhi kejadian. Diperlukan peningkatan cakupan imunisasi, edukasi masyarakat, serta penguatan sistem surveilans untuk pencegahan difteri di wilayah berisiko tinggi.

Keywords: difteri, status imunisasi, riwayat kontak, mix-method, Kab. Garut

Background: Diphtheria remains a public health problem in Garut District, with 100 reported cases and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 17.2%. This study aimed to determine the relationship between immunization status with the incidence of diphtheria in Garut District in 2023–2024. Methods: A mixed-method approach was used. The quantitative component employed a case-control design (1:2) with individual matching based on age and residence. A total of 141 children (47 cases and 94 controls) were selected using total sampling from outbreak data. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The qualitative approach was carried out through in-depth interviews with key informants using a phenomenological method. Result: Most children in the case group were not immunized (74.47%) and had a history of contact with diphtheria patients (76.6%). Children who were not immunized and had contact history were 9 times more likely to contract diphtheria compared to those who were fully immunized (95% CI: 2.67–31.79). A significant association was found between immunization status and diphtheria incidence (OR=5.82; 95% CI: 2.17–15.61; p=0.0001), and remained significant after controlling for covariates (OR=3.08; 95% CI: 1.40–23.79; p=0.008). The qualitative findings revealed that socio-cultural and religious factors, vaccine refusal, and a suboptimal surveillance system prior to the outbreak contributed to the cases. Conclusion: Strengthening immunization coverage, community education, and surveillance systems is needed to prevent diphtheria in high-risk areas.  

 

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T-7311
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Azizah Noormala Dewi; Pembimbing: Adang Bachtiar; Penguji: Anhari Achadi, Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Ganda Raja Partogi, Ernawati
Abstrak: Undang-Undang Kesehatan Nomor 36 tahun 2009 menyatakan bahwa setiap anak berhakmemperoleh imunisasi dasar sesuai dengan ketentuan untuk mencegah terjadinyapenyakit yang dapat dihindari melalui imunisasi. Pemerintah juga wajib memberikanimunisasi dasar lengkap kepada setiap bayi dan anak. Pada tahun 2017, Kota Depokberstatus KLB difteri dengan 12 kasus suspect difteri dan 1 orang meninggal. Kota Depokmerupakan wilayah yang berpotensi transmisi penyakit menular tinggi karena padatpenduduk dan mobilitas tinggi. Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap (IDL) merupakan salah satuprogram dari kebijakan imunisasi yang lama dilaksanakan namun belum menemuikeberhasilan yang diharapkan. Analisis implementasi ditujukan untuk melihat bagaimanapengimplementasian program imunisasi dasar lengkap di Puskesmas. Penelitian iniadalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumenterkait, sesuai dengan teori implementasi kebijakan Van Meter dan Van Horn berdasarkan6 (enam) variabel. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa standar dan sasaran kebijakanbelum tercapai sepenuhnya. Sumber daya terkendala berdasarkan indikator insentif yangbelum dirasakan secara optimal dalam menunjang optimalnya penyelenggaraan IDL diPuskesmas. Komunikasi antar organisasi pelaksana baik. Karakteristik pelaksanaterkendala dengan keterbatasan SDM. Sikap pelaksana mendukung. Kondisi ekonomidan politik baik, namun kondisi sosial belum mendukung. Kesimpulan didapatkan bahwaimplementasi IDL di Kota Depok masih memiliki kendala di setiap variabelnya dan perludilakukan proses pemenuhan variabel yang kurang. Rekomendasi penelitian ini yaitukeberhasilan implementasi akan dicapai bila dilakukan perbaikan dari kekurangan, baik darisisi standar dan sasaran, sumber daya, komunikasi antar organisasi pelaksana, karakteristikpelaksana, sikap pelaksana, dan kondisi sosial, ekonomi, politik. Hambatan program yangada bisa diatasi dengan mengoptimalkan wewenang Puskesmas sebagai pembina wilayah.
Health Law Number 36 of 2009 states that every child deserved in basic immunizationaccording the provisions to prevent the occurrence of diseases that can be avoided throughimmunization. The government is also required to provide a complete basic immunizationto every baby and child. In 2017, Depok became outbreak with 12 cases suspectdiphtheria and 1 person died. The city of Depok is an area with high transmission potentialfor communicable diseases due to high population and high mobility. Complete BasicImmunization (IDL) is one of the old immunization policy implemented but has not metthe expected success. Complete Basic Immunization Program is one of the oldimmunization policy programs implemented but has not met the expected success. Theimplementation analysis is intended to see how the implementation of the complete basicimmunization program at the Puskesmas. This research is a qualitative research with in-depth interview technique and related document study which using the policyimplementation theory of Van Meter and Van Horn based on 6 (six) variables. The resultsobtained that the standard and objective have not been fully achieved. Resources areconstrained by incentive indicators that have not been felt optimally in supporting theoptimal implementation of complete basic immunization in Puskesmas. Inter-organizational communication is good. Characteristic of implementing agencies areconstrained by human resource constraints. Disposition of implementors supported, butstill found some implementers who are not orderly. Economic and political conditions aregood, but social condition are not yet supportive. Conclusion found that implementationof complete basic immunization in Depok still has constraints in each variable and needto be done process of fulfillment of less variable. The recommendation of this research isthe success of implementation will be achieved if the improvement of deficiency, bothfrom the side of standard and objective, policy resources, interorganizationalcommunication, characteristic of implementing agencies, disposition of implementors,and social, economy, political condition. Barriers to existing programs can be overcomeby optimizing the Puskesmas's authority as a regional coach.
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T-5252
Depok : FKM UI, 2018
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
:: Pengguna : Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
Library Automation and Digital Archive