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Activities in the terminal have the potential to cause environmental pollution,such as noise. High noise levels have the potential to cause health problems for humansespecially hearing loss. This study aimed to identify the relationship between noise levelto hearing loss in residential locations around Pakupatan Bus Station. This study usedcross sectional study design in six settlements around Pakupatan Bus Station, SerangCity, Banten Province conducted in January-May 2018. The number of samples is 100people with proportional random sampling method. The results of the analysis showedthat the noise level at the residential area around Pakupatan Bus Station reached 81.09dB where it has passed the noise quality standard based on the Decree of the Minister ofthe Environment Number 48 Year 1996 of 55 dB and found that people exposed tonoise ≥ 55dB have lower risk compared to people exposed to noise <55dB, with OR0.606. Confounding variables are age, history of disease, work status, cigaretteconsumption, alcohol consumption and length of stay. People living in locations withnoise levels greater than 55 dB have a higher risk than those living in locations withnoise levels of less than 55 dB (3.39, 0.61-26.91), after being controlled by occupationsand length of stay so that the need for efforts to prevent noise residential noise byapplying green path or tree planting.Key words: Noise, Hearing Loss, Residential.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 37 pekerja (44%) mengalami keluhan gangguan pendengaran tinggi. Berdasarkan uji chi square, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebisingan > 85 dBA (p value=0,039, OR=2,8), usia (p value=0,012, OR=3,457) dan penggunaan alat pelindung telinga (APT) (p value=0,046, OR=2,761) dengan keluhan gangguan pendengaran. Sedangkan variabel masa kerja, riwayat penyakit telinga, riwayat hipertensi, riwayat diabetes, merokok, dan hobi terpajan bising tidak menunjukan hubungan yang signifikan.
Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan pekerja yang terpajan kebisingan diatas NAB memiliki risiko 4,512 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan pekerja yang terpajan kebisingan dibawah NAB setelah dikontrol oleh variabel usia. Pekerja yang terpajan kebisingan berisiko untuk mengalami keluhan gangguan pendengeran. Pekerja yang berusia lebih dari 40 tahun dan tidak menggunakan APT saat berkeja memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk mengalami keluhan gangguan pendengaran.
Kata kunci: Industri Tekstil, Kebisingan, Keluhan Gangguan Pendengaran
PT X is a textile industry in Indonesia with a variety of machinery and equipment generating high-intensity noise in several areas. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between noise intensity higher than 85 dBA with hearing loss complain on workers of spinning, weaving, and dyeing department at PT X. The method used in this study was quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional study design. The number of samples in this study was 84 workers chosen by proportionate stratified random sampling method. The independent variable in this study was noise level while the dependent variable was hearing loss complaints, with confounding variables included characteristic and worker behavior.
The study result shows that 37 workers (44%) experienced hearing loss complaints. Based on the chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between noise > 85 dBA (p value = 0.039, OR = 2.8), age (p value = 0.012, OR = 3.457) and hearing protection device (HPD) utilization (p value = 0.046, OR = 2.761) with hearing loss complaints. Meanwhile, variables of the working period, ear disease history, hypertension history, diabetes history, smoking history, and noise exposure do not show a significant relationship.
The multivariate result shows that workers exposed to noise above TLV possess 4.512 times higher risk than the workers exposed to noise under TLV after being controlled by age variable. Noise-exposed workers are at risk of experiencing complaints of hearing loss. Workers who are over 40 years old and do not use HPD while working have a greater risk of experiencing hearing loss complaints.
Keywords: Hearing Loss Complain, Noise, Textile Industry
Noise level in Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is high enough. Increasing the need for clean water in line with the increasing population, making the Water Supply Company (PDAM) is required to increase production capacity. There are machines and production processes that have different characteristics than other types of industries. There are 306 PDAMs throughout Indonesia, the potential number of workers exposed to noise is very large, it is necessary to further investigate the relationship between noise characteristics and its determinants to hearing loss to PDAM workers to obtain the most appropriate form of control. This study used a cross sectional study design. The stages of this study are to measure the noise level and provide questionnaires as primary data, analyzing the worker audiometric results as secondary data and using Chi Square statistical test and multi determinant analysis to find out the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results obtained that the source of noise in water treatment plants are pumps, exhaust fan, compressor, blower, vacuum and waterfall. About 84.4% of workers in the production area exposed to noise > 85 dBA. About 15.6% of workers have hearing loss. It is concluded that exposure workers over 85 dBA with dominant noise frequency > 2000 Hz can cause hearing impairment and aggravate if workers are > 40 years old and have a working life > 14 years. Key words: Noise, Water supply company, Hearing loss, Noise frequency
Hearing loss as the most common occupational disease in many industries requiresattention from many parties. Hearing loss experienced by a person will affect the workproductivity and quality of life of the worker, so noise control is very important to beimplemented in all industries. This study aims to determine the description of theimplementation and suitability of the elements of hearing conservation program conductedby PT XYZ in accordance with existing regulations and recommendations, in order to knowthe things that can be improved to realize an efficient, effective and adequate HearingConservation Program. This research uses descriptive study design with qualitativeapproach. Data were obtained by in-depth interviews, observation and document review,and questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that there is a mismatch of theimplementation of Hearing Conservation Program elements in PT XYZ with the rules andrecommendations. The researcher recommends that special policies relating to HearingConservation Program, better implementation of recording and reporting, and moreoversight of the implementation of each element of the Hearing Conservation Program.
ABSTRAK
Kebisingan pada industri harus dapat dikurangi agar para karyawan yang terpapar tidak mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Agar area kerja dapat diperbaiki dan kebisingan dapat dikurangi maka diperlukan suatu kegiatan promosi kesehatan dalam mencegah gangguan pendengaran yaitu Hearing conservation program. Peneliti bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi implementasi Hearing Conservation Program pada PT XYZ tahun 2013. Proses evaluasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan checklist evaluasi Hearing conservation program dari NIOSH (Alih bahasa Departemen Kesehatan). Maka diperoleh hasil pelaksanaan Hearing conservation program pada PT XYZ yang telah dilaksanakan sebesar 76 % dan 24 % belum terlaksana. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan Hearing Conservation program di PT XYZ masih harus ada perbaikan agar karyawan tidak terpapar oleh kebisingan dan terhindar dari gangguan pendengaran. Saran pada PT XYZ sebaiknya menjalankan secara menyeluruh dan sosialisasi terhadap pelaksanaan Hearing conservation program harus dilaksanakan pada seluruh karyawan.
ABSTRACT
Noise in the industry must be reduced so that the employees are not exposed to hearing loss. So that the work area can be improved and the noise can be reduced, we need a health promotion activity in preventing hearing loss is hearing conservation program. We aimed to evaluate the implementation of the Hearing Conservation Program in PT XYZ in 2013. The evaluation process is conducted by using a checklist evaluation of the NIOSH Hearing conservation program (Language Interpreting Department of Health). Hearing the obtained results of the implementation of conservation programs at XYZ Ltd. which has been implemented by 76% and 24% have not been implemented. It can be concluded that the Hearing Conservation program activities in PT XYZ still must be improved in order employees not exposed to noise and avoid hearing loss. Advice on PT XYZ should run thoroughly and disseminate the hearing conservation program implementation should be carried out on all employees.
