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Nur Ahmad Tabri ... [et al]
JRI Vol.30, N0.3
Jakarta : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia, 2010
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ladyka Viola Aulia Armawan; Pembimbing: Haryoto Kusno Putranto, Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Didi Purnama, Inswiasri
Abstrak:
Timbal adalah salah satu bahan kimia beracun yang menyebabkan polusi udara berbahaya di lingkungan dan sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia yang toksisitasnya bertahan seumur hidup karena timbal terakumulasi dalam tubuh manusia. Timah hitam adalah salah satu komponen baterai yang sangat dibutuhkan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan baterai. Baterai bekas dapat didaur ulang dengan melelehkan timbal yang terkandung di dalam lempengan menjadi batangan hitam yang dapat digunakan kembali sebagai bahan baku untuk membuat baterai baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai besarnya risiko kesehatan yang muncul dari paparan Pb udara ambien ke tempat tinggal di area baterai smelter. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analisis risiko kesehatan masyarakat atau disebut juga Public Health Assessment. Subjek penelitian ini adalah populasi manusia yang berisiko terpapar Pb dalam hal ini orang- orang yang tinggal di sekitar bekas pabrik peleburan baterai di Desa Cinangka. Konsentrasi Pb di udara ambien tertinggi terukur di kawasan peleburan aki bekas sebesar 0,91 μg/Nm3 dan konsentrasi terendah 0,04 μg/Nm3. Intake realtime terbesar yang diterima invidu 12,64×10-5 mg/Kg/hari. Hasil perhitungan RQ individu ditememukan sebanyak 10,9% (11 responden) yang memiliki risiko non karsinogen dan memmerlukan tindakan manajemen risiko. Sebagian besar responden yang diteliti minimal mengalami sakit salah satu dari gejala gangguan pernafasan sebanyak 86,1%. Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang evaluasi toksikologi partikel direkomendasikan untuk dilakukan di masa depan.
Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air Inhahalation
Lead is one of the toxic chemicals causing dangerous air pollution in the environment and its very dangerous for human health whose toxicity lasts for a lifetime because lead accumulates in the human body. Lead is one of the components of the battery that is needed as the basic material for making batteries. Used batteries can be recycled by melting the lead contained in the plates into black bars that can be reused as raw material for making new batteries. This research was aimed to assess the magnitude of emerging health risk of ambient air Pb exposure to residence at smelter batteries area. This study uses a design of public health risk analysis or also called Public Health Assessment. The subject of this study is the human population at risk of being exposed to Pb in this case the people living around the former battery smelter in Cinangka Village. The highest concentration of Pb measured in the former battery smelting area was 0,91 μg/Nm3 and the lowest concentration was 0,04 μg/Nm3. The biggest intake realtime received by individual was 12,64 × 10-5 mg/Kg/day. The results of the calculation of individual RQ were found that 10,9% (11 respondents) who had a non-carcinogen risk and needed risk management actions. Most of the respondents were experienced one of the symptoms of respiratory problems as much as 86,1%. Further research on particle toxicology evaluation is recommended.
Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air, Inhalation
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Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air Inhahalation
Lead is one of the toxic chemicals causing dangerous air pollution in the environment and its very dangerous for human health whose toxicity lasts for a lifetime because lead accumulates in the human body. Lead is one of the components of the battery that is needed as the basic material for making batteries. Used batteries can be recycled by melting the lead contained in the plates into black bars that can be reused as raw material for making new batteries. This research was aimed to assess the magnitude of emerging health risk of ambient air Pb exposure to residence at smelter batteries area. This study uses a design of public health risk analysis or also called Public Health Assessment. The subject of this study is the human population at risk of being exposed to Pb in this case the people living around the former battery smelter in Cinangka Village. The highest concentration of Pb measured in the former battery smelting area was 0,91 μg/Nm3 and the lowest concentration was 0,04 μg/Nm3. The biggest intake realtime received by individual was 12,64 × 10-5 mg/Kg/day. The results of the calculation of individual RQ were found that 10,9% (11 respondents) who had a non-carcinogen risk and needed risk management actions. Most of the respondents were experienced one of the symptoms of respiratory problems as much as 86,1%. Further research on particle toxicology evaluation is recommended.
Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air, Inhalation
T-5502
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Rizki Rahmawati; Pembimbing: Mila Tejamaya; Penguji: Hendra, Fitri Kurniasari, Elsye As Safira, Emanuel Eko Haryanto
Abstrak:
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Industri pupuk memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional, meskipun tetap menghadapi risiko kesehatan pekerja akibat pajanan Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko kesehatan (Risk Rating/RR) terkait pajanan bahan kimia pada pekerja di industri pupuk tahun 2024. Penilaian risiko kesehatan dilakukan menggunakan Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) yang dikembangkan oleh Departemen Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), Malaysia (2018). Penilaian meliputi aktivitas bongkar muat bahan kimia, pengambilan sampel laboratorium, dan penambahan bahan penolong, dengan jalur pajanan inhalasi dan dermal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada aktivitas bongkar muat, tingkat risiko inhalasi dan dermal berkisar dari sedang hingga berat (RR inhalasi bernilai 9-15; RR dermal bernilai M1 dan H1). Aktivitas pengambilan sampel menunjukkan tingkat risiko inhalasi sedang hingga berat (RR bernilai 6-10) dan tingkat risiko dermal sedang (RR bernilai M1). Pada aktivitas penambahan bahan penolong, tingkat risiko inhalasi sedang (RR bernilai 9-10) dan risiko dermal sedang hingga berat (RR bernilai M1 dan H1). Pengendalian risiko yang ada di PT X belum cukup efektif, sehingga tindakan perbaikan yang direkomendasikan meliputi: evaluasi substitusi penggunaan gas klorin, desain ulang stasiun pengisian asam sulfat, mechanical integrity untuk peralatan kritis, penggunaan alat bantu pengambilan sampel bahan kimia cair, menyusun instruksi kerja dan memberikan pelatihan terkait bahaya dan pengendalian bahan kimia, konsistensi penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD), menerapkan respiratory protection program secara menyeluruh, kesiapan menghadapi keadaan darurat, pemantauan pajanan secara personal, dan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara berkala bagi pekerja non organik yang terpajan bahan kimia. Implementasi rekomendasi ini diharapkan dapat menurunkan tingkat risiko kesehatan terkait bahan kimia pada pekerja di industri pupuk.
The fertilizer industry has a strategic role in supporting national food security, although it still faces workers' health risks due to exposure to hazardous and toxic substances (B3). This study aims to analyze the level of health risk (Risk Rating/RR) related to chemical exposure to workers in the fertilizer industry in 2024. The health risk assessment was carried out using the Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) developed by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), Malaysia (2018). The assessment includes chemical loading and unloading activities, taking laboratory samples, and adding adjuvants, with inhalation and dermal exposure routes. The research results show that in loading and unloading activities, the level of inhalation and dermal risk ranges from moderate to severe (inhalation RR is 9-15; dermal RR is M1 and H1). Sampling activities indicate a moderate to severe inhalation risk level (RR value 6-10) and a moderate dermal risk level (RR value M1). In the activity of adding adjuvants chemical, the level of inhalation risk is moderate (RR is 9-10) and the dermal risk is moderate to severe (RR is M1 and H1). Existing risk control at PT X is inadequate, so the following corrective actions are recommended: evaluating alternatives to chlorine gas, redesigning the sulfuric acid filling station, mechanical integrity for critical equipment, using liquid chemical sampling aids, compiling work instructions, and providing hazardous and chemical control training. For non-organic workers who are exposed to chemicals, it is important to use personal protection equipment (PPE) consistently, respiratory protection program, be prepared for emergencies, monitor personal exposure, and have frequent health tests. The implementation of these guidelines is likely to reduce chemical-related health risks for fertilizer industry personnel.
T-7027
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aji Dwi Yuniarso; Pembimbing: Sjahrul Meizar Nasri; Penguji: Hendra, Mila Tejamaya, Muthia Ashifa, Listya Eka Anggraini
Abstrak:
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Penggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya seperti formaldehida, fenol, dan senyawa azo dalam industri pewarna tekstil menimbulkan risiko serius terhadap kesehatan pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan bahan kimia di Industri Pewarna Tekstil PT X tahun 2025. Metode yang digunakan adalah penilaian risiko kesehatan berbasis pendekatan Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) dari DOSH Malaysia, penilaian dilakukan terhadap dua rute pajanan yaitu inhalasi dan dermal dengan menilai Hazard Rating (HR) untuk menentukan tingkat bahaya bahan kimia berdasarkan sifat toksikologi, Exposure Rating (ER) untuk menilai frekuensi, durasi, dan intensitas pajanan melalui inhalasi dan dermal, serta Risk Rating (RR) sebagai hasil dari HR dikalikan dengan ER. Metode pengumpulan data mencakup observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan kuesioner terhadap pekerja produksi dan laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar bahan kimia tergolong dalam kategori risiko tinggi dengan jalur pajanan utama melalui inhalasi dan dermal. Data klinik menunjukkan tingginya kasus ISPA pada pekerja. Evaluasi mengindikasikan bahwa pengendalian yang diterapkan belum sepenuhnya memadai. Rekomendasi mencakup peningkatan sistem pengendalian teknis, administratif, dan pelatihan pekerja. Penilaian ini menjadi dasar penting dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit akibat kerja dan peningkatan program K3.
The use of hazardous chemicals such as formaldehyde, phenol, and azo compounds in the textile dye industry poses serious risks to workers' health. This study aims to analyze the level of health risk due to chemical exposure in the Textile Dye Industry of PT X in 2025. The method used is a health risk assessment based on the Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) approach from DOSH Malaysia, the assessment is carried out on two routes of exposure, namely inhalation and dermal by assessing the Hazard Rating (HR) to determine the level of chemical hazard based on toxicological properties, Exposure Rating (ER) to assess the frequency, duration, and intensity of exposure through inhalation and dermal, and Risk Rating (RR) as the result of HR multiplied by ER. Data collection methods include field observations, interviews, and questionnaires with production and laboratory workers. The results showed that most chemicals are classified as high-risk with the main exposure routes through inhalation and dermal. Clinical data showed high cases of ARI in workers. The evaluation indicated that the controls implemented were not fully adequate. Recommendations include improving the technical, administrative, and worker training control systems. This assessment is an important basis for efforts to prevent work-related diseases and improve K3 programs.
T-7374
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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