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Based on the Global TB Report, Indonesia still ranks third in the world as the country with the largest estimated case after India and China. Cases found in Indonesia in 2021 have reached 403,760 cases or 49% of the estimated existing cases (824,000 cases). One of the regions in Indonesia, namely East Jakarta, has the highest number of tuberculosis cases in DKI Jakarta Province with a total of 11,988 cases (31.1%). Tuberculosis is a disease that can be caused by environmental and demographic factors. This study aims to analyze the determinants between climate and demographic factors with tuberculosis cases in East Jakarta during 2018-2020 using ecological studies and spatial analysis, and the unit of analysis in this study is all tuberculosis patients in 10 sub-districts in East Jakarta. The results showed that population density did not have a significant relationship with Tuberculosis cases (p = 0.593) with a very weak relationship and a positive pattern (r = 0.102), as well as the results of correlation analysis on climatic factors such as rainfall (r = 0.116). , humidity ( r = 0.238 ) , and air temperature ( r = -0.172 ) have the same results , namely there is no significant relationship or p value > 0.05 . The results of the spatial analysis are obtained, that there is no spatial relationship between Tuberculosis cases with climatic and demographic factors. The conclusion in this study, there is no significant relationship between tuberculosis cases with climatic and demographic factors, both statistically and spatially.
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus which attacks the immune system of an infected person. HIV become a serious problem being faced in Indonesia especially West Java province. In 2020 the number of new HIV infection in West Java reach 5.666 cases, higher than an average new cases in Indonesia. The spread of HIV depend on social context and region-specific characteristic. Goal: This study aims to analyze demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with HIV prevalence in West Java Province in 2020. Methods: Epidemiology descriptive using ecological correlation study with multiple-group study. Populations in this study are all 27 regencies and municipalities in West Java Province. Results: The result of this study showed that population density part of demographic factor has a significant relation with HIV prevalence (P=0,038), with a moderate relationship and positive pattern (r=0,4). Human Development Index part of socioeconomic factor has a significant relation with HIV prevalence (P=0,035), with a moderate relationship and positive pattern (r=0,407). Meanwhile, for sex ratio and GRDP per Capita showed an insignificant relationship with HIV prevalence. Conclusion: Considering characteristic specific areas based on socioeconomic and demographic can be a good way for HIV prevention.
Background: DHF is an infection caused by the Dengue virus which is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes sp mosquito to humans, especially the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue fever is widespread throughout the tropics with local risk variations which are also influenced by climate parameters as well as social and environmental factors. DHF is still one of the public health problems in Indonesia, including Bekasi City which ranks third with the highest cases in 2021. Objective: Analyzing the relationship between climate factors (temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall, demographic factor (population density) and individual factor (application of clean and healthy living behavior) with the incidence of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Bekasi City in 2019?2021. Methods: This research is a quantitative study with an ecological study design according to time trend. Results: The results of the correlation test showed that temperature (p = 0.146), wind speed (p = 0.146), rainfall (p = 0.447) and population density (p = 0.147) were not significantly related to the incidence of DHF. Meanwhile, humidity (p = 0.003) and PHBS (p = 0.001) had a significant relationship to the incidence of DHF. The results of the multiple linear regression test showed a predictive model with the DHF incidence rate equation = 42.043 + 0.004 (PHBS) + 0.001 (Population Density) with R2 = 0.353. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between humidity and PHBS with the incidence of DHF in Bekasi City in 2019?2021.
Demam berdarah dengue merupakan salah satu penyakit berbasis lingkungan yang masih menjadi permasalahan serius di seluruh daerah di dunia. DBD disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang di bawa oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai vektor utama dan aedes albopictus sebagai vektor sekunder dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk tersebut. Berdasarkan data BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Timur pada tahun 2019 Provinsi Kalimantan Timur mencatat terdapat 6723 kasus DBD dan Kota Balikpapan menjadi penyumbang terbesar dengan 1838 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor iklim (suhu udara, kelembaban, dan jumlah hari hujan), sosio-demografi (kepadatan penduduk), dan upaya pengendalian vektor (Angka Bebas Jentik) dengan insidens DBD di Kota Balikpapan Tahun 2017-2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Laporan DBD Dinas Kesehatan Kota Balikpapan dan Balikpapan dalam Angka oleh BPS Kota Balikpapan. Rata-rata IR DBD selama 5 tahun di Kota Balikpapan adalah 122 per 100.000 penduduk, paling tinggi di Kecamatan Balikpapan Tengah dan paling banyak dialami oleh kelompok umur.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an environmental-based disease which is still a serious problem in all regions of the world. DHF is caused by the dengue virus which is carried by Aedes aegypti as the main vector and Aedes albopictus as the secondary vector and is spread through the bite of these mosquitoes. Based on BPS, in 2019 the Province of East Kalimantan recorded 6723 cases of DHF and Balikpapan City was the largest contributor with 1838 cases. This study aims to determine the relationship between climatic factors (air temperature, humidity, and number of rainy days), socio-demographics (population density), and vector control efforts (larva free index) with DHF incidence in Balikpapan City in 2017-2021. This study uses an ecological study design with secondary data sourced from the DHF report of Balikpapan City Health Offices and ?Balikpapan dalam Angka? by Central Bureau of Statistics of Balikpapan City. The average DHF IR for 5 years in Balikpapan City is 122 per 100,000 population, the highest in Balikpapan Tengah District and most
Pulmonary tuberculosis or pulmonary TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is transmitted from one person to another through droplets that are transmitted through the air. The high number of TB cases can be caused by various factors, one of which is environmental factors. This study aims to determine the relationship between population density, healthy housing coverage, and climate factors (air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) to the proportion smear-positive pulmonary TB cases in Surabaya city in 2015-2019. This study uses secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Surabaya City Health Office with time trend ecological study methods and spatial analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between population density (p = 0.000; r = 0.308), healthy house coverage (p = 0.000; r = -0.363), and humidity at a 1 year lag time (p = 0.014; r = 0.949) with the proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB. Meanwhile, the air temperature and rainfall factors showed a non-significant relationship with the proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB. Based on the spatial analysis map, a clear pattern is found that the high proportion is found in sub-districts that have low coverage of healthy homes, but on the population density factor there is no clear pattern. Therefore, it is recommended to prevent and control pulmonary TB disease, especially in sub-districts that have a high population density and also through efforts to develop optimal healthy homes.
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The main vectors that transmit the dengue virus are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The city with the highest number of dengue cases in Indonesia in 2021 is Depok City with 3,155 cases with an Incidence Rate (IR) of 151.2 cases per 100,000 population. During the last 10 years from 2012-2020, the trend of dengue cases in Depok City tends to increase. Objective: To determine the relationship between climatic factors and population density with the incidence of DHF in Depok City in 2012-2021. Methods: This study uses an ecological study with correlation analysis to see the relationship between climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) in the same month (non-time lag), climatic factors with a 1-month lag (time lag 1), and density population with DHF Incidence Rate. Results: The correlation analysis results showed a significant relationship between non-time lag humidity and time lag 1 humidity with DHF Incidence Rate (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000) with the strength of the relationship being positive (r = 0.332 and r-0.451). The results of the multiple linear regression test produce a predictive model with the equation IR DBD = -47.353 + 0.784 (Temperature) + 0.394 (Relative Humidity) + 0.023 (Rainfall). Based on the results of the regression equation, if it is simulated with a combination of the temperature of 26,1oC, humidity of 82.9%, and rainfall of 14.9 mm, there will be an increase in IR of DHF by 10 cases per 100,000 population.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute febrile disease with minor or major bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and plasma leakage caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector. WHO noted that from 1968-2009, Indonesia became the first country in Southeast Asia with the most dengue cases and the second in the world. In 2015, the Indonesian Ministry of Health has recorded an increase in the number of districts/cities infected with dengue fever in Indonesia. From 384 regencies and cities, it increased to 446 regencies and cities. One of the districts/cities with high dengue cases is South Tangerang City. In 2014, South Tangerang City became the largest contributor to DHF cases in Banten Province with 768 cases. There are factors that can be the cause of high dengue cases, namely climate factors, population density, and mosquito populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between climatic factors, population density, and larval free rate (LFR) with the incidence of DHF in South Tangerang City in 2016-2021. This research uses an ecological time series design study with quantitative methods and correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. This study uses secondary data from the South Tangerang City Health Office; Central Bureau of Statistics of South Tangerang City; and the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). The results of this study are that there is a significant relationship between temperature, humidity, and LFR with the incidence of DHF in South Tangerang City in 2016-2021 (p = 0.016; r = -0.282) (p = 0.000; r = 0.506) (p = 0.000 ; r = -0.558), while rainfall and population density showed insignificant results with the incidence of DHF in South Tangerang City in 2016-2021 (p = 0.064; r = 0.220) (p = 0.759; r = -0.037). From the results of multiple linear regression, it was found that the variables that entered the final model were humidity and LFR variables and could explain 39.9% of the variation in the dependent variable of DHF incidence (R square = 0.399). The most influential variable on the incidence of DHF in South Tangerang City in 2016-2021 is the humidity variable.
