Abstrak: Systematic investigations into the structure of measurement error of physical activity questionnaires are lacking. We propose a measurement error model for a physical activity questionnaire that uses physical activity level (the ratio of total energy expenditure to basal energy expenditure) to relate questionnaire-based reports of physical activity level to true physical activity levels. The 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey physical activity questionnaire was administered to 433 participants aged 40-69 years in the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) Study (Maryland, 1999-2000). Valid estimates of participants' total energy expenditure were also available from doubly labeled water, and basal energy expenditure was estimated from an equation; the ratio of those measures estimated true physical activity level ("truth"). We present a measurement error model that accommodates the mixture of errors that arise from assuming a classical measurement error model for doubly labeled water and a Berkson error model for the equation used to estimate basal energy expenditure. The method was then applied to the OPEN Study. Correlations between the questionnaire-based physical activity level and truth were modest (r = 0.32-0.41); attenuation factors (0.43-0.73) indicate that the use of questionnaire-based physical activity level would lead to attenuated estimates of effect size. Results suggest that sample sizes for estimating relationships between physical activity level and disease should be inflated, and that regression calibration can be used to provide measurement error-adjusted estimates of relationships between physical activity and disease.

Abstrak: Dalam meningkatkan kualitas SDM Rumah Sakit (RS) Khusus THT-Bedah KLProklamasi, maka perlu menciptakan sistem manajemen kinerja yang baik, yaitumelakukan penilaian kinerja dengan merumuskan Key Performance Indicators(KPI) yang berfungsi sebagai alat ukur tercapainya tujuan RS. Dilakukanpendekatan kualitatif dengan metode diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD) danwawancara mendalam terhadap seluruh unit di RS untuk merancang KPI yangsejalan dengan tujuan RS, dimana terbentuk 196 rancangan KPI untuk 23 unitdimana setiap unit terdiri dari 8-10 KPI yang dapat menjadi pertimbangan RSuntuk digunakan sebagai penilaian kinerja unit yang sesuai dengan tujuan RS.Kata kunci: key performance indicators, KPI, pengukuran kinerja.

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Improvement in human resources quality in Proklamasi- ENT Hospital requirescreation of a good performance management system through implementation ofperformance measurement by formulating Key Performance Indicators whichfunction as a measuring instrument to achieve hospital goals. A qualitativeapproach with focus group discussions and in depth interviews method with alldivisions in the hospital was performed to formulate KPI which compatible tohospital goals. A 196 KPI draft was formed for 23 divisions whereas each divisionconsist of 8-10 KPI to became hospital consideration to measure all divisionperformance that compatible with hospital goals.Keywords: Key performance indicators, KPI, Performance Measurement.

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