Ditemukan 11 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Kata kunci: Difteri, KLB, Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI)
Diphtheria is contributor of outbreak (KLB) for some regions in Indonesia, included West Java Province. Diphtheria cases recorded increased through 2015 - 2016, cases increased from 59 cases to 153 cases. Depok City became one of the contributors of cases that have fluctuating incidents. Disease trends have declined in 2013-2015, but then increased in 2016 to 8 cases. This study discusses policy implementation, viewed from policy sources, resource arrangements, the characteristics of implementing agencies, bureaucratic structures, communications, the influence of dispositions and socio-economic and political circumstances in control of Diphtheria Outbreak and Outbreak Response Immunization ORI) in Depok City in 2017. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive design, through in-depth interviews and document review. The results showed that the limited resources, especially human resources, the lack of cross-sectoral concern and social environment factors, like the rejection of some community for vaccination, became a challenge in controlling the Diphtheria Outbreak and Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) in Depok City. It is expected that policy implementers can commit to working together, and taking into the influential factors in policy implementation, as well as government support in providing halal and safe vaccines and research on bioterrorism can also be done as solving cases of diphtheria fluctuating annually.
Key words: Diphteria, Outbreak, Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI)
Measles is one of the leading causes of death among children although safe and cost-effective vaccines are available. By 2015, there are 134 200 deaths from global measles and about 367 deaths every day or 15 deaths every hour. Measles Vaccination resulted in a 79% reduction in measles deaths between 2000 and 2015 worldwide. Despite reaching the target of more than 90% coverage of measles immunization in Cigudeg and Ciampea villages, there is still an extraordinary incidence of measles in these two villages by 2016. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with measles incidence in the extraordinary incidence of measles in villages of Cigudeg and Ciampea Bogor Regency in 2016. The study design using case control study with a ratio of 1: 3 resulted in a sample consisting of 36 cases and 108 controls with a strength of 80% test having 95% confidence degree. The result of the analysis by using logistic regression was found that the risk factors associated with measles incidence in measles outbreaks in Villages Cigudeg and Ciampea Bogor Regency in 2016 were significantly immunized (OR = 3.44; 95% CI: 1.09 - P = 0,034), air ventilation area (OR = 4,7; 95% CI: 1.47 - 15.39: P value = 0.009) and contact history (OR = 28.6; 95% CI 9.06 - 90.42; P value = 0.000). Measles immunization coverage in villages Cigudeg and Ciampea has reached more than 90%, but not yet able to make the village has a group immunity against measles, so the need for further studies or research on it. Keywords: Measles, Outbreak, Immunization, Bogor District.
ABSTRAK Campak atau kerumut dalam bahasa Banjar adalah salah satu penyakit infeksi yang dapat di cegah dengan imunisasi dan masih masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Penyakit ini secara umum menyerang anak usia dibawah lima tahun (balita) yang di sebabkan oleh virus morbili. Di Kota Banjarmasin meskipun keberhasilan cakupan imunisasi campak telah mencapai lebih dari 90%, dan kelurahan yang telah mencapai UCI sebanyak 51 kelurahan, namun demikian berdasarkan laporan surveilans dinas kesehatan kota Banjarmasin selama 2011 dilaporkan telah terjadi kejadian luar biasa kasus campak sebanyak 5 kali, dengan 147 kasus. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian campak pada anak usia 0?59 bulan di Kota Banjarmasin Tahun 2011. Untuk itu digunakan pendekatan desain kasus kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor utama yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian campak pada anak usia (0?59 bln) adalah pendidikan Ibu (OR= 13,88), pendidikan bapak (OR =6,33), status imunisasi campak (OR= 4,64), umur anak (OR=2,46), sedangkan faktor yang bersifat protektif adalah vitamin A (OR=0,34), dan penghasilan keluarga (OR=0,18). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa anak yang di imunisasi campak mempunyai orang tua yang berpendidikan baik, berpenghasilan cukup dan mendapat vitamin A dua kali dalam setahun dapat mengurangi angka kejadian campak. Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan untuk memperbaiki kebenaran cakupan imunisasi, memberikan pelatihan safe injection dan cold chain bagi petugas pelaksana di puskesmas, penyuluhan kesehatan dengan bahasa daerah, pemberian vitamin A dan memberikan prioritas peningkatan program pada daerah dengan tingkat pendidikan Ibu dan Bapak yang rendah, serta berpenghasilan kurang sebagai sasaran di Kota Banjarmasin untuk menurunkan angka kejadian campak pada anak (0-59 bulan).
ABSTRACT Measles or kerumut in Banjar is one of the infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization and health in Indonesia is still a problem. This disease generally attacks children under five years of age (infants) which is caused by a virus morbili. In the city of Banjarmasin despite the success of measles immunization coverage has reached more than 90%, and the village which has reached as many as 51 villages UCI, however, based on surveillance reports Banjarmasin city health department is reported to have occurred during the 2011 outbreak of measles cases as much as 5 times, with 147 case. The study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of measles in children aged 0-59 months in the city of Banjarmasin in 2011. For that use case-control design approach. The results showed that the main factors that influence the incidence of measles in children aged (0-59 months) is the mother of education (OR = 13.88), the father of education (OR = 6.33), measles immunization status (OR = 4.64 ), age of child (OR = 2.46), whereas protective factors are vitamin A (OR = 0.34), and family income (OR = 0.18). This study concluded that children who have measles immunization in the elderly are well educated, and have income sufficient vitamin A twice a year can reduce the incidence of measles. From these results it is advisable to fix the truth of immunization coverage, providing safe injection training and cold chain for executive officers at the health center, health education in local languages, provision of vitamin A and gives priority to improve the program in areas with high levels of education are low mother and father, as well as earn less as a target in the city of Banjarmasin to reduce the incidence of measles in children (0-59 months).
Campak dan Rubela merupakan penyakit menular berpotensi wabah yang dapat menimbulkan komplikasi serius bahkan kematian, terutama pada anak-anak. Namun keduanya dapat dicegah melalui pemberian imunisasi. Trend cakupan imunisasi yang menurun, terutama paska pandemi COVID-19, telah menyebabkan peningkatan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) salah satunya Campak-Rubela, sehingga diperlukan respon cepat melalui pemberian imunisasi tambahan berupa Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI). Pelaksanaan ORI di sebagian besar wilayah terdampak KLB masih belum optimal, terutama dari sisi ketepatan waktu respon. Kementerian Kesehatan telah menyediakan alat bantu untuk mendukung proses pra-pelaksanaan ORI, namun penginputan masih bersifat manual dan sistem ini belum terintegrasi dengan sistem informasi lain, serta belum memiliki mekanisme verifikasi dan monitoring oleh tingkat administrasi yang lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu inovasi yang dapat memperbaiki sistem yang ada saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan prototipe sistem informasi terintegrasi guna meningkatkan ketepatan waktu pelaksanaan ORI di tingkat puskesmas dalam rangka penanggulangan KLB Campak-Rubela.
Metode yang digunakan adalah Pendekatan Rapid Evolutionary Prototyping yang memungkinkan pengembangan dilakukan bertahap berdasarkan masukan yang diperoleh selama proses implementasi dengan cakupan terbatas. Sistem dikembangkan melalui tahapan analisis kebutuhan, identifikasi masalah, desain (logis serta fisik) dan implementasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototipe yang terintegrasi dengan sistem SKDR dan SMILE dilengkapi beberapa menu utama yaitu notifikasi status, penginputan data kajian epidemiologi, perhitungan kebutuhan vaksin dan pelaporan ORI secara real time. Hasil pengujian yang melibatkan informan dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok, Puskesmas Pengasinan dan Depok Jaya menunjukkan bahwa prototipe Sistem Informasi Outbreak Response Immunization (SIORI) efektif dan efisien dalam mendukung penyelenggaraan ORI. Kesimpulannya, prototipe SIORI memiliki potensi memperbaiki sistem yang ada saat ini dalam meningkatkan ketepatan waktu penyelenggaraan ORI KLB Campak-Rubela.
Measles and Rubella are highly contagious infectious diseases that can lead to serious complications and even death, especially in children. These diseases could cause outbreaks, however, can be prevented through immunization. The declining trend in immunization coverage, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to an increase in outbreaks, including Measles-Rubella, thus requiring a prompt response through supplementary immunization activities known as Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI). The implementation of ORI in most outbreak-affected areas remains suboptimal, particularly in terms of response timeliness. Although the Ministry of Health has provided supporting excel based tools to support the pre-implementation process of ORI, data entry is still manual, the system is not yet integrated with other relevant information systems and is not complemented with verification and monitoring mechanisms from higher administrative levels. Therefore, an innovation is needed to improve the current system. This study aims to improve the timeliness of ORI implementation at the primary health care level in response to Measles-Rubella outbreaks through development of an integrated information system prototype. The Rapid Evolutionary Prototyping approach was used as the system development model, which allows for incremental development based on feedback collected during implementation assessment. The system was developed through the stages of needs analysis, problem identification, logical and physical design, and implementation. This study resulted in the development of a prototype information system named SIORI, designed to improve the timeliness of ORI implementation. The system includes several key features including outbreak status notification that is integrated with the Early Warning Alert and Response System (SKDR), input for epidemiological assessment data, vaccine stock data obtained from the Electronic Immunization and Logistics Monitoring System (SMILE), vaccine needs calculation, and reporting functions covering response timeliness and immunization service data input. Implementation test involving informants from Depok City Health Office and selected health centers (Puskesmas Pengasinan and Depok Jaya) showed that SIORI is more effective and efficient in supporting ORI implementation. The conclusion is that prototype SIORI has potentials to improve the current system in to accelerating ORI implementation timeliness.
Difteri masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Kabupaten Garut terdapat 100 kasus difteri dengan CFR sebesar 17,2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan status imunisasi dan riwayat kontak dengan kejadian difteri di Kabupaten Garut tahun 2023–2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix-method. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain case control (1:2) dengan matching individu berdasarkan usia dan tempat tinggal. Jumlah responden sebanyak 141 anak (47 kasus dan 94 kontrol) yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling dari data KLB. Analisis kondisional regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menghitung odds ratio (OR) dan 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan terkait menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Sebagian besar anak pada kelompok kasus tidak diimunisasi (74,47%) dan memiliki riwayat kontak dengan penderita difteri (76,6%). anak yang tidak diimunisasi dan memiliki riwayat kontak berisiko 9 kali untuk terkena difteri dibandingkan dengan yang imunisasi lengkap (95%CI: 2,67-31,79). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status imunisasi dan kejadian difteri (OR=5,82; 95% CI: 2,17–15,61; p=0,0001) sebelum mengontrol kovariat. Setelah mengontrol kovariat, terdapat hubungan antara status imunisasi dan kejadian difteri (OR=3,08; 95% CI: 1,40–23,79; p=0,008). Hasil kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial-budaya, agama, penolakan imunisasi, serta sistem surveilans yang belum optimal sebelum KLB turut memengaruhi kejadian. Diperlukan peningkatan cakupan imunisasi, edukasi masyarakat, serta penguatan sistem surveilans untuk pencegahan difteri di wilayah berisiko tinggi.
Keywords: difteri, status imunisasi, riwayat kontak, mix-method, Kab. Garut
