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Kata kunci: mantan perokok; bukan perokok; utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan; berhenti merokok.
The proportion of smokers in Indonesia continues to increase annually and with younger age of new-smokers. Smoking causes substantial economic losses for smokers as well as secondhand smokers. A plenitude of research from many countries proves that quitting smoking can reduce healthcare utilization and spending compared to those that do not quit smoking. This study aims to determine the relationship of risk factors of former smokers with healthcare utilization among JKN members in 2016. This is a crosssectional study with a quantitative approach using Susenas and Podes data with samples meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 75,352 individuals. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed through the risk factor analysis process. The analysis revealed that male ex-smokers increase the utilization of outpatient only, inpatient only, and outpatient and inpatient by 1.3 times (b=23%; p= 0.017), 2.6 times (b=94%; p=0.000), and 1.7 (b=55%; p=0.000) than male nonsmokers, after controlling for marital status, proportion of former smokers among household members, and perception of severity. It can be concluded that a smoking history among men is associated with the increase in healthcare utilization, more than for non-smokers and more so for those who do not quit smoking. Increased healthcare utilization will result in increased health spending. Efforts for non-smoking and smoking cessation campaigns should be prioritized and improved.
Keywords: former smoker; never smoker; healthcare utilization; smoking cessation.
Smoking still become a risk factor for chronic and deadly diseases. In 2014, there were 5.8 billion smokers in the world, 80 percent started smoking as a teenager. In Indonesia, the average of age to initial smoking is 17,6 years. To protect adolescents from the dangers of smoking, Pictorial Health Warning (PHW) with fear appeal was imprinted on cigarette pack. As 24 June 2014, PHW has been applied in Indonesia. The research aims to describe the response of adolescent smoker in Depok City toward message with fear appeal on PHW in Indonesia.
Latar Belakang: Penggunaan rokok elektrik meningkat signifikan dalam satu dekade terakhir dan sering diklaim sebagai alternatif lebih aman dari rokok konvensional, bahkan sebagai alat bantu berhenti merokok. Namun, klaim ini belum terbukti secara konsisten, terutama pada kelompok perokok konvensional harian usia produktif di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara penggunaan rokok elektrik dengan keberhasilan berhenti merokok pada perokok konvensional harian usia 20–44 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indonesia 2021. Analisis dilakukan pada responden berusia 20–44 tahun yang merupakan perokok konvensional harian dan pernah mencoba berhenti merokok. Variabel dependen adalah keberhasilan berhenti merokok, sedangkan variabel independen adalah penggunaan rokok elektrik. Analisis multivariabel dilakukan dengan regresi logistik berganda.
Hasil: Setelah dikontrol oleh variabel confounder (jenis kelamin, status ekonomi, status merokok keluarga dan teman, serta larangan merokok di rumah), penggunaan rokok elektrik harian berhubungan positif dan signifikan dengan keberhasilan berhenti merokok (AOR = 10,37; 95% CI = 2,14-50,33; p < 0,004), sedangkan penggunaan kadang-kadang tidak signifikan, meskipun arah hubungannya positif (AOR = 1,71; 95% CI = 0,45–6,46; p = 0,427).
Kesimpulan: Penggunaan rokok elektrik secara harian dapat menjadi alat bantu yang mendukung keberhasilan berhenti merokok jika digunakan secara konsisten. Namun, peran lingkungan dan sosial juga tetap menjadi faktor penting yang mendorong keberhasilan berhenti merokok. Penemuan ini dapat menjadi dasar dalam merancang kebijakan pengendalian tembakau dan strategi berhenti merokok berbasis bukti di Indonesia.
Background: The use of electronic cigarettes has increased significantly over the past decade and is often perceived as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, even as a smoking cessation aid. However, its effectiveness in Indonesia remains inconsistent, particularly among daily conventional smokers in the productive age group. This study aims to identify the association between e-cigarette use and successful smoking cessation among daily conventional smokers aged 20–44 years in Indonesia. Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2021 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indonesia. The analysis focused on respondents aged 20–44 years who were daily conventional smokers and had attempted to quit smoking. The dependent variable was successful smoking cessation, while the independent variable was e-cigarette use. Multivariable analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression. Results: After controlling for confounding variables (gender, economic status, household and peer smoking status, and household smoking restrictions), daily e-cigarette use was positively and significantly associated with successful smoking cessation (AOR = 10.37; 95% CI = 2.14–50.33; p < 0.004), whereas occasional use was not statistically significant, although the direction of the association was positive (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI = 0.45–6.46; p = 0.427). Conclusion: Daily e-cigarette use may serve as a supportive tool for successful smoking cessation if used consistently. However, environmental and social factors also remain critical contributors to cessation success. These findings can serve as a foundation for developing evidence-based tobacco control policies and smoking cessation strategies in Indonesia.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar faktor risiko kualitas lingkungan fisik rumah ( jenis lantai, atap,dinding, luas ventilasi, kepadatan hunian) dan pencemaran udara dalam rumah( keberadaan perokok dalam rumah, pengguaan anti nyamuk bakar, bahan bakar memasak dalam rumah)terhadap kejadian ISPA nonpneumonia pada balita diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Magersari, Kota Magelang, Jawa Tengah tahun 2013.
Desain penelitian ini adalah case-control dengan masing-masing sampel berjumlah 50 balita. Case adalah balita yang menderita ISPA nonpneumonia dengan diagnosis dokter puskesmas, sedangkan control balita yang didiagnosis tidak menderita ISPA. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis lantai nilai p0,000 &OR 15,881 ( 95% CI : 4,949-50,958), jenis atap nilai p 0,000 & OR13,500 (95% CI 5,087-35,830), jenis dinding nilai p 0,000 &OR 17,484 ( 95% CI6,314-48,415), kepadatan hunian, nilai p 0,000 & OR 12,250 (95% CI 4,652-32,258), keberadaan perokok dalam rumah nilai p 0,003 &OR 4,205 ((95% CI1,692-10,448) dan penggunaan bahan bakar memasak nilai p 0,000 & OR 11,294( 95% CI 2,435-52,379).
Kata kunci ; faktor risiko, jenis lantai, atap, dinding, luas ventilasi, kepadatan hunian,keberadaan perokok dalam rumah, pengguaan anti nyamuk bakar, bahan bakar memasak dalam rumah, ISPA nonpneumonia
Nation health data show that the incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI)always increased every years. 2013, with Central Java Province occupies was theseventh position with the highest number of patients with acute respiratoryinfection (ARI). The incidence of ARI nonpneumonia during 2011-2013 in thecity of Magelang as well as in the Village Health Center Magersari alwaysincrease which most of the patientare are under five children.
This study aims todetermine how big the risk factors of physical quality of the home environment(type of floor, roof, walls, extensive ventilation, residential density) and indoor airpollution (presence of smokers in the home, using anti-mosquito, cooking fuel inthe house) to nonpneumonia ARI incidence of under five children in the workingarea of Magersari health center, Magelang, Central Java in 2013.
The Research design was a case-control study by each sample for 50 under five children. Caseare under five with nonpneumonia ARI diagnosis by Megersari Helath Centerdoctors, whereas control are underfive children which not diagnosed with ARIs .There is a significant correlation between the type of floor p value 0.000 and OR15.881 (95 % CI : 4.949 to 50.958), the type of roof p-value of 0.000 and OR13,500 (95 % CI 5.087 to 35.830), the type of wall p-value of 0.000 and OR17.484 (95 % CI 6.314 to 48.415), residential density, p-value 0.000 and OR12,250 (95 % CI 4.652 to 32.258), the presence of smokers in the house p-valueof 0.003 and OR 4.205 (95 % CI 1.692 to 10.448) and cooking fuel p value0,000OR 11,294 (95 % CI 2.435 to 52.379).
Keywords ; risk factors, types of floors, roofs, walls, extensive ventilation,residential density, the presence of smokers in the home, anti-mosquito, cookingfuel in the house, ARI nonpneumonia
