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ABSTRAK
Indonesia berada pada peringkat ke 5 dari 22 negara dengan beban TB tertinggi didunia. Sekitar 75% penderita TB adalah kelompok usia paling produktif secaraekonomis (15-50 tahun). Untuk menghindari pasien putus berobat karena lamanyapasien harus mengkonsumsi obat, maka diperlukan seorang Pengawas MenelanObat (PMO). Sebaiknya PMO adalah petugas kesehatan, bertugas untukmengingatkan pasien agar mau berobat secara teratur, mengingatkan pasien untukperiksa ulang dahak pada waktu yang ditentukan dan memberikan penyuluhankesehatan kepada pasien tentang penyakit TB.Kasus putus berobat pada pasien TB di BBKPM Bandung yang terus meningkatmelebihi target nasional yaitu <10% sedikit menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhanpasien menelan obat masih kurang. Lebih dari 90% pasien dewasa yang datangberobat di BBKPM Bandungmemiliki nomor telepon seluler, oleh karena itu studiini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem Informasi PMO berbasis SMSGateway pada pasien TB BTA positif. Pengembangan sistem ini diharapkan dapatmengatasi permasalahan pengawasan terhadap pasien TB dengan mobilitas tinggiterutama di kota besar agar komunikasi antar pasien dan petugas kesehatan dapatberjalan efektif dan kegiatan PMO di BBKPM Bandung tetap dapat dilaksanakan.Gambaran sistem informasi PMO yang sedang berjalan diperoleh berdasarkanhasil studi kualitatif peneliti dengan metode telaah dokumen, observasi danwawancara mendalam terhadap 24 informan yang terdiri dari pejabat pengambilkebijakan di BBKPM Bandung, petugas kesehatan di ruang penyuluhan, petugaspencatatan dan pelaporan TB serta surveyor. Analisis sistem ini menggunakanpendekatan masukan (input), proses dan keluaran (output) untuk dapatmengidentifikasi permasalahan sistem yang ada. Hasil pengembangan sistemberupa prototype sistem informasi pengawasan menelan obat (PMO) denganmenggunakan SMS gateway. Petugas kesehatan di ruang penyuluhan bertindaksebagai PMO dan user pada aplikasi ini. Keluaran sistem informasi adalah pasienmenerima pesan pengingat harian menelan obat, pesan pengingat waktunyakontrol ulang dan pesan informasi kesehatan tentang penyakit TB serta laporanpelaksanaan kegiatan PMO berbasis SMS Gateway kepada Kepala Seksi PromosiKesehatan dan Kepala Seksi Pelayanan Kesehatan.
ABSTRAC
TIndonesia is ranked 5th out of 22 countries with the highest TB burden in theworld. Approximately 75% of TB patients are a group of the most economicallyproductive age (15-50 years). To avoid treatment of patients drop out due to thelong patients should take the drug, it would require a Supervisory. Supervisor isthe health officer should, served to remind the patient to treatment regularly,reminding patients to check the sputum at the appointed time and provide healtheducation to patients about TB disease.Withdrawing treatment in TB patients in Bandung Lung Clinic growing beyondnational target of <10% fewer patients showed that adherence to medicationingestion is still lacking. More than 90% of adult patients who come for treatmentin Bandung Lung Clinic have a cell phone number, therefore this study aims todevelop an information system of drug intake supervision based on gateway shortmessage system on smear positive TB patients. Development of this system isexpected to solve the problem of TB surveillance of patients with high mobility,especially in large cities so that communication between patients and health careworkers can be effective and activities of treatment supervision in Bandung LungClinic still be implemented.Overview of drug intake supervision information systems ongoing qualitativestudy based on the results obtained with the method researchers document review,observation and depth interviews with 24 informants consisting of officialsBandung Lung Clinic policy makers in Bandung, health officials in the healtheducation space, recording and reporting of TB officer and surveyor. This systemanalyzes input approach, process and output to be able to identify the problems ofthe existing system. The results of the development is a prototype system to drugintake supervision information system by using the gateway short messagesystem. Health workers in counseling space acts as a PMO and user in thisapplication. Patient information system output is received daily remindermessages ingesting the drug, the time control message repeated reminders andhealth information messages about TB disease and report on implementation ofsupervision-based Gateway short message system to Health Promotion SectionHead and Section Head of Health Services.
Abstrak
Salah satu indikator program pengendalian TB secara Nasional strategi DOTS adalah angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB. Fokus utama pengendalian TB strategi DOTS adalah memutus mata rantai penularan TB oleh penderita TB paru sputum BTA positif. Berdasarkan penelitian penderita TB paru sputum BTA negatif dapat menularkan 13-20% (Tostmann A, et al, 2008). BBKPM Bandung sebagai salah satu UPK strategi DOTS pencapaian angka keberhasilan pengobatan masih dibawah target Nasional.Tujuan: mempelajari faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TB paru sputum BTA negatif dan pasien TB paru sputum BTA positif. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan TB antara lain faktor individu (umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, kepatuhan berobat) dan obat dan penyakit (rejimen, dosis, lama pengobatan, komorbid HIV dan DM). Indikator keberhasilan pengobatan: pemeriksaan ulang sputum BTA menjadi/tetap negatif dan kenaikan berat badan.Desain penelitian: kohort retrospektif.Sampel: data pasien TB Paru yang tercatat di TB 01 tahun 2009-2011dijadikan 2 sub populasi, Pasien TB paru dengan sputum BTA negatif 292 kasus dan pasien TB paru dengan sputum BTA positif 461 kasus.Analisis: multivariabel regresi logistik.Hasil: OR keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TB paru sputum BTA negatif patuh berobat 1,4 dibandingkan tidak patuh (CI : 0,7-3,0) dan pasien TB paru sputum BTA positif patuh berobat 1,1 di bandingkan tidak patuh (CI : 0,6-2,2) setelah dikontrol umur, jenis kelamin dan pekerjaan.Saran: Meningkatkan peran PMO, dan memperhatikan faktor komorbid dalam tatalaksana pengobatan pasien TB paru.
Succes rate of TB treatment is an important indicator of the Natinal TB control program.The main focus of TB control program DOTS strategy is to break the chain of TB transmission. Tostmann A, et al (2008) showed that through 13-20% sputum smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients can spread TB the bacteria. BBKPM Bandung as one of CGU DOTS strategy has lower treatment succes rate of the national targets.Purpose: To study factors that influence the treatment succes rate of compare with both smear positve and negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Those are age, gender, occupation, treatment compliance (factor individu) and regimen, dose, duration of treatment, comorbid HIV and DM (drug and disease). Indicator of treatment succes are the conversion of sputum result examination and the gain weight.Study design: a retrospective cohort study.Samples: the pulmonary TB patient data recorded at TB 01 yeras 2009-2011. The number of TB patients with sputum smear positive are 461 and negative are 292.Analysis: Multivariable logistic regression.Result: OR treatment succes among sputum smear-negative pulmonary TB patients 1,4 (CI: 0,7-3,0) and among sputum smear positive pulmonary Tb patients who adhere to treatment is 1,1 (CI:0,6-2,2) after controlling for age, sex, and occupation.Suggestion: Enhancing the role of the PMO to increase the treatment adherence rate, treat the TB patients with HIV and DM co-infection.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life including children's education in schools. The public including educational institutions must take action to prevent further transmission, reduce the impact of this outbreak and support measures to control COVID-19. One of the COVID-19 prevention programs that have been carried out throughout 2020-2021 is the "School of Five" which is a communication approach for changing hygiene behavior that aims to increase the knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy of elementary school students to practice hand washing with soap and hygiene. environment. This research is a Qualitative Research with a case study design regarding the evaluation of the "School of Five" Program in School Health Efforts for the prevention of COVID-19 at the Cigugur Tengah Elementary School, Cimahi City. This study aims to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the “School of Five” program in School Health Efforts (UKS) for the prevention of COVID-19 in Cimahi City Elementary Schools. Data was collected through interviews with 7 informants consisting of program implementers at SDN Cigugur Tengah, Education Office, Health Office and SNV Indonesia as well as through group discussions with 18 students at SDN Cigugur Tengah. The conceptual framework used the Logic Model with the findings that from the input side, UKS teacher leadership and the role of local facilitators, budget support from partners and BOS (School Operational Assistance) and the completeness of IEC (Information, Education, Communication) material have supported the successful implementation of the School of Five program. In terms of program activities, teacher training activities, training for little doctors and the implementation of School of Five sessions have been carried out in accordance with the objectives and program planning documents. In terms of program output, 4 teachers gain capacity on COVID-19 prevention and can conduct School of Five sessions for 289 students at SDN Cigugur Tengah with support from 6 little doctors. In terms of program outcomes, there was an increase in students' knowledge and positive attitudes regarding COVID-19 prevention, but motivation decreased because of student bored to have COVID-19 preventive measeures. Behavior changes occur while the program is still in progress, but become not routinely carried out after the program is finished because there is no reinforcement using diary through supervision from teacher and parents.
