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Accident investigation is a systematic process in analyzing an accident based on data and facts collected through a thorough examination of the factors that contribute to the accident and cause of the accident. This research discusses the accident investigation system at PT. X compared with research, government regulations, and standards from several institutions such as OHSA, HSE Executive, ILO, and ILCI. A comparison is conducted by comparing the elements that exist in the accident investigation system at PT. X with the synthesis of elements to identify the plus and delta of the implemented system. The research is using the qualitative method and the analysis units used are procedures, training material, investigation reports, and interview results. The results showed that PT. X already has a management commitment to support the investigation process by providing procedures, human resources, facilities and infrastructure to support the investigation, training the investigation team, and appointing sponsors as representatives of the company's highest leadership to ensure that the investigation process is carried out appropriately. The following are several things that can be improved from the accident investigation such as providing an opportunity for the investigation team to be released from daily work, giving feedback to the RCA Facilitator 18 related to the analysis of causes, and the validation process is carried out consistently and recorded so it can be accounted for. The conclusion of this research is that PT. X has a good accident investigation system compared to the synthesis of elements. Implementation of the investigation system at PT. X has several plus and delta that can still be improved thus increasing the quality of the investigation.
Learning from accident means accident is learned to identify the causes and weaknesses of the system so the future accidents be prevented. Although accidents are studied, accidents with similar scenarios still occur at PT X. Therefore, research is conducted which aims to study the process of "learning from accidents" implemented by PT X. The study was conducted using qualitative descriptive method. To maintain the validity of the results, triangulation was carried out using data triangulation, method triangulation, and source triangulation. The learning from accidents that implemented by PT X starts from recognizing events, reporting events, recording and classifying events, collecting data to support the investigation process, finding root causes, making recommendations/corrective actions, communicating learning, monitoring closure of corrective actions, and verifying and validating corrective actions. The study shows that workers have understood events that are categorized as accidents, but a small proportion of workers are still confused in distinguishing between near miss with unsafe conditions or act. Accidents and near miss are reported through e-mail or SharePoint but the reporting of near miss is still relatively lack when compared to the number of accidents. Events are classified based on standard guidelines and recorded in the IT Tool even though the follow-up of reporting event in SharePoint is still lacking. Investigation is begun by gathering the information that grouped into 4Ps, namely people, positions, paper, and parts. Data collection for level 3 investigations tends to review accidents with a similar scenario in the previous cases. The root cause of an accident is determined using the five why or why tree method that starts by determining the top event and progressing to find the root cause of accident. It is found human root causes instead of systemic root causes for the investigation involving motor vehicle crash that is classified as level 1. Recommendations/corrective actions are developed based on SMART criteria i.e., specific, measurable, accountable, relevant, and time limits. However, the sustainability of corrective actions is not emphasized enough. Learning is spread through alerts and bulletins that are distributed to workers through e-mail and other media. However, the making of alerts and bulletins are less consistent and the mechanism of dissemination is less effective. Corrective actions are monitored and completed on time and the sponsor verifies and validates the completion of corrective actions to check the effectiveness. With the advantages and disadvantages that exist, but the learning from accidents that is implemented by PT X was able to reduce the trend of accidents in the period from 2015 to 2019.
Most companies in various industries that have Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems implement Job Safety Analysis (JSA). Studies recommend that JSA must has high quality. The highest cause of incidents in drilling and workover operations of PT XYZ was related to JSA quality. From February to July 2019, PT XYZ conducted hazard analysis trainings. This study was conducted to determine the effect of training provided for workover operations leaders at PT XYZ in improving the quality of JSA. Training was conducted with 10-11 participants, interactive in classroom, referred to PT XYZ's procedures on hazard analysis, macro horizon in making JSA, and positioning of risk assessment in JSA with the Risk Register. Participants were trained to do hazard analysis in accordance with work, including identifying hazards and safeguards, knowing roles and responsibilities of each worker, two-way discussion, practice to develop JSA, and discussion. JSA quality data was taken by direct observation at work area. Ability of work leaders data was taken by asking them to make JSA from current work, supervised by a safety consultant appointed by the researcher. To maintain the standardization of assessments by safety consultants, the steps taken were planning, briefing, implementation, and evaluation. The same consultant assessed JSA before and after training with the same title. Work leaders who were assessed before and after training are the same people including team and rig. The SPC XL calculation results show the p-value (probability of error) of the t-Test on data before and after training is 0,000 or smaller than the significance level set by the researcher of α = 0.05 which means that the alternative hypothesis concludes that there is a change in the mean significantly. With a confidence level more than 99%, there is a significant change in the mean because (1-p) X 100 = 100 or almost 100. The work leader's score after training shows higher than before. The average score of 76 work leaders before training was 44.93 and the average score after training increased to 87.43.
This study mainly discussing about institutional analysis theory for managing heat stress in construction company. The complexity of that theory urge Author to conduct this research because of many identified factors and some institutional levels that have been identified are an external factors that could not be interfeared directly by construction company. Systematic review with thematic analysis are the methods for this research. The results show thematic analysis about underlying factors and tools and techniques of each institutional level and altogether as one method to manage heat stress. This research recommends the application of institutional analysis combined with thematic analysis from this research to manage heat stress in construction company
The focus of this thesis is safety climate on oil and gas industry worker, the objective is to analyze safety climate in oil & gas industry and compare it with construction industry. Data collection is performed using a survei method which sourced from journal (Sunindijo et al. 2019) and (Loosemore et al. 2019) which already used in other industry such as building, infrastructure, construction in Indonesia and Australia. Safety climate data is obtained through online survei. Survei performed to employees and partners in oil and gas industry, this study shows that there is a significant difference on some part of employees and partners, and between oil and gas worker and construction industry worker. We can conclude that safety climate in oil & gas industry is already good and in average has higher value than construction industry, where on the positif side oil & gas industry worker feels their work environment is safe to work ,but need some improvement in safety rules and procedures implementation at work.
