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Latar Belakang: Pertumbuhan populasi lansia di Indonesia diiringi oleh peningkatan prevalensi penyakit tidak menular (PTM) seperti jantung, kanker, dan stroke, yang dapat memengaruhi kemampuan lansia dalam menjalankan Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Status ADL yang rendah berdampak pada kualitas hidup individu dan meningkatkan beban kesehatan nasional. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara PTM (jantung, kanker, stroke) dan status ADL pada lansia di Indonesia, serta mengevaluasi pengaruh faktor sosiodemografi (umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status ekonomi, lokasi tempat tinggal) terhadap hubungan tersebut. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analisis data sekunder dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik multinomial untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara PTM dan status ADL, dengan mempertimbangkan variabel sosiodemografi. Hasil: Analisis menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara PTM dengan ketergantungan ADL pada lansia. Stroke memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap ketergantungan ADL (OR = 35,9; CI 35,520–36,199; p < 0,000), diikuti oleh kanker dan penyakit jantung. Faktor sosiodemografi seperti usia lanjut, pendidikan rendah, dan status ekonomi rendah juga meningkatkan risiko ketergantungan ADL secara signifikan. Kesimpulan: PTM, terutama stroke, merupakan faktor risiko utama ketergantungan ADL pada lansia di Indonesia. Diperlukan intervensi kesehatan yang terfokus pada pencegahan dan pengelolaan PTM, serta kebijakan yang memperhatikan faktor sosiodemografi untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia.
Kata kunci: Penyakit Tidak Menular, Activities of Daily Living, Lansia.
Background: The growing elderly population in Indonesia is accompanied by an increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke, which can impact the ability of older adults to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Low ADL status adversely affects individuals' quality of life and places a significant burden on the national healthcare system. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between NCDs (heart disease, cancer, stroke) and ADL status among the elderly in Indonesia, while also evaluating the influence of sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education, economic status, and place of residence) on this relationship. Methods: This study employs a secondary data analysis design with a cross-sectional approach, utilizing data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between NCDs and ADL status, considering sociodemographic variables. Results: The analysis revealed a significant relationship between NCDs and ADL dependence among the elderly. Stroke was identified as having the strongest impact on ADL dependence (OR = 35.9; CI 35.520–36.199; p < 0.000), followed by cancer and heart disease. Sociodemographic factors, such as advanced age, low educational attainment, and low economic status, were also significantly associated with higher risks of ADL dependence. Conclusion: NCDs, particularly stroke, are major risk factors for ADL dependence among the elderly in Indonesia. Focused health interventions targeting the prevention and management of NCDs, along with policies that address sociodemographic disparities, are essential to improving the quality of life for the elderly. Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, Activities of Daily Living, Elderly.
Although schools in various regions in Indonesia have been opened, the threat of exposure to COVID-19 for the school residents has not disappeared. This can be seen from the number of positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia, where DKI Jakarta Province is the province with the highest positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The COVID-19 transmission clusters in schools also show the importance of implementing COVID-19 health protocols in schools. SDN Ujung Menteng 02 was one of the schools that had to be closed due to several school residents who were positive for COVID-19. This study discusses the implementation of the COVID-19 health protocol at SDN Ujung Menteng 02 by looking at the variables from Edward III Implementation Model. The type of research used is qualitative research with case study design, using in-depth interviews and observation. Based on the data obtained, there are still behaviors of school residents that must be addressed, such as the use of masks, physical distancing, etc. Resources, communication, and disposition of school residents are good in implementing the COVID-19 health protocol at SDN Ujung Menteng 02. However, the bureaucratic structure of the Satgas COVID-19 SDN Ujung Menteng 02 still needs to be improved.
One of the reasons for the lack of optimal achievement related to the use of contraceptives in Indonesia is the unmet need for family planning that has not been fully addressed. Handling the unmet need for family planning requires not only measuring the magnitude of the number, but also an understanding of the factors causing it. This study aims to determine the direct effect, indirect effect, and the total effect of the determinants of the use of family planning services on the incidence of unmet need in Indonesia as the basis for effective program recommendations. This study uses secondary data from the 2017 IDHS using a cross sectional design with 33,635 respondents who are married women aged 14-59 years. The results of the analysis show that the incidence of unmet need in Indonesia is 11.68%, consisting of unmet need spacing (4.86%) and unmet need limiting (6.82%). The results of the GSEM analysis show that the variables of family planning service quality, socio-economic status, demographics, and ideal number of children have a significant effect on the incidence of unmet need in Indonesia's analysis, areas with high unmet need and low unmet need areas. The variable of women's autonomy has a significant effect on the incidence of unmet need in the analysis of Indonesia and low unmet need areas, and access problems have a significant effect on the incidence of unmet need in areas with low unmet need. It can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the determinants of the use of family planning services on the incidence of unmet need in Indonesia. It is necessary to improve the quality of family planning services, pay more attention to women with low socio-economic status, low women's autonomy, high access problems, and women with the ideal number of children 3 children. Post-partum family planning is the most effective way to reduce the incidence of unmet need for family planning. It is also necessary to increase the use of mass media in providing family planning information, especially regarding the side effects of the method
Improving maternal and child health is a global issue. Expanding access to immunization is very important in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on the 2018 Riskesdas data, the target of achieving complete basic immunization in East Java Province decreased from 2013 of 74.5% to 69.16% in 2018 while incomplete immunization increased to 26.27% from the previous year 2013 only 21.8 %. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the use of basic immunization in East Java Province. The research method used is quantitative with cross sectional design using secondary data from Riskesdas 2018 with the unit of analysis for babies aged 12-23 months with mother respondents as many as 1,245 respondents. The results of this study indicate that respondents who use basic immunization are 64.2% and those who are less use are 35.8%. Respondents are said to be using it if the immunization is complete and it is in the under-utilized category if the immunization received is incomplete and does not get immunized at all. In the bivariate analysis, it was found that ownership of the MCH booklet, access to health facilities and place of delivery had a significant relationship with the utilization of basic immunization health services in East Java. This is because these three factors have quite a lot of respondents on complete immunization status and are said to have succeeded in utilizing basic immunization health services in East Java. Suggestions to the East Java Provincial Health Office, especially health workers, should maximize the provision of information about the use and benefits of immunization in the MCH book so that it is conveyed properly, providing information to pregnant women to choose a place of delivery that meets accreditation standards so that the services of mothers and babies received maximally and increase the ease of access to comprehensive and quality health services so that they can be accessed by all people
