Ditemukan 6 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Dwi Ernawati; Pembimbing: Sri Tjahjani Budi Utami; Penguji: Laila Fitri, Rina F. Bahar
S-6711
Depok : FKM UI, 2011
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ina Nurhidayati; Pembimbing: Sri Tjahyani Budi Utami; Penguji: Laila Fitri, Feni Fitriani Taufik
Abstrak:
Penyakit Asma merupakan penyakit inflamasi (peradangan) kronik saluran napas yang ditandai adanya mengi episodik, batuk dan rasa sesak di dada akibat penyumbatan saluran napas, termasuk dalam kelompok penyakit saluran pernapasan kronik. Asma disebabkan oleh peradangan jalan napas di paru-paru, yang mengakibatkan hipersensitivitas sehingga mudah terjadi iritasi. Pada saat terjadi, saluran udara menyempit dan mengakibatkan berkurangnya udara yang masuk dan keluar paru-paru. Menurut Departemen Kesehatan di Indonesia pravelensi asma merupakan 10 besar penyebab kesakitan dan kematian, diperkirakan 2-5% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia, artinya ada 12,5 juta pasien asma di indonesia. Lingkungan indoor atau lingkungan dalam ruangan atau rumah mampu memberikan kontribusi faktor pencetus serangan asma lebih besar dibandingkan lingkungan outdoor atau luar ruangan. Faktor lingkungan dalam rumah yang dapat mempengaruhi serangan asma bisa berupa kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah dan perilaku dari keluarga penderita asma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan lingkungan fisik rumah dengan kasus asma akut di wilayah Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur dengan studi kasus di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus kontrol dengan perbandingan 1 : 1 dimana besar sampel yaitu 44 penderita asma akut sebagai kasus dan 44 untuk kontrol. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kondisi kesehatan lingkungan fisik rumah : jenis lantai (p = 1,000; OR = 0,899), jenis dinding (p = 0,800, OR = 0,771), jenis atap (p = 1,000, OR = 1,000), ventilasi (p = 0,830, OR = 1,204), kepadatan penghuni (p = 0,829, OR = 1,207), suhu (p = 1,000, OR = 1,000) dan kelembaban (p = 0,644, OR = 1,379), sumber polutan dalam rumah : jenis bahan bakar yang digunakan (p = 1,000, OR = 2,023) dan penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar (p = 1,000, OR = 0,651) serta zat iritan (Asap rokok) (p = 0,663, OR = 1,330). Karakteristik individu, terkait umur (p = 0,352, OR = 2,222) tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kasus asma akut. Sedangkan jenis kelamin p = 0,002, OR = 0,203 dan riwayat genetik p = 0,000, OR = 47,095. memiliki hubungan dengan kasus asma akut di wilayah Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur tahun 2012. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kasus asma akut di wilayah Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur tahun 2012 adalah jenis kelamin dan riwayat genetik. Dapat disarankan agar Upaya kesehatan promotif dan preventif terutama ditujukan untuk peningkatan upaya pembinaan dan penyuluhan tentang penyehatan pemukiman rumah sehat/sanitasi rumah dan peningkatan pengetahuan serta informasi kepada masyarakat terutama untuk pengendalian penyakit asma akut.
Asthma is an inflammatory disease (inflammation) chronic airways characterized by episodic wheezing, coughing and tightness in the chest due to airway obstruction, belongs to a group of chronic respiratory disease. Asthma is caused by inflammation of the airways in the lungs, resulting in hypersensitivity occur so easily irritated. At the event, narrowed airways and lead to less air in and out of the lungs. According to the Ministry of Health in Indonesia pravelensi asthma is a major cause of illness and 10 deaths, an estimated 2-5% of the entire population of Indonesia, means that there are 12.5 million people with asthma in Indonesia. Indoor environment or in a room or home environment can contribute to trigger asthma attacks greater than outdoor or outdoor environments. Environmental factors in the home that may affect asthma attack can be a condition of the physical environment and the behavior of families with asthma. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the physical environment with acute asthma cases in the area of East Jakarta Administration City with a case study on Persahabatan Hospital. This research method using a case-control study design with a ratio of 1: 1 where a large sample of 44 patients with acute asthma as cases and 44 for controls. Results, the physical home environment health conditions: type of flooring (p = 1.000; OR = 0.899), type of wall (p = 0.800, OR = 0.771), type of roof (p = 1.000, OR = 1.000), ventilation (p = 0.830 , OR = 1.204), occupant density (p = 0.829, OR = 1.207), temperature (p = 1.000, OR = 1.000) and humidity (p = 0.644, OR = 1.379), sources of pollutants in the home: the type of fuel used (p = 1.000, OR = 2.023) and the use of mosquito coils (p = 1.000, OR = 0.651) and an irritant (cigarette smoke) (p = 0.663, OR = 1.330). Individual characteristics, related to age (p = 0.352, OR = 2.222) had no connection with the case of an acute asthma. While gender p = 0.002, OR = 0.203 and p = 0.000 genetic history, OR = 47.095 has a relationship with acute asthma cases in East Jakarta Administration City area in 2012. Based on the results of the study showed that the variables associated with cases of acute asthma in East Jakarta Administration City area in 2012 were gender and genetic history. Can be suggested that health promotion and prevention efforts primarily aimed at improving the coaching and counseling efforts on restructuring settlement healthy home / home sanitation and improvement of knowledge and information to the public, especially for the control of acute asthma.
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Asthma is an inflammatory disease (inflammation) chronic airways characterized by episodic wheezing, coughing and tightness in the chest due to airway obstruction, belongs to a group of chronic respiratory disease. Asthma is caused by inflammation of the airways in the lungs, resulting in hypersensitivity occur so easily irritated. At the event, narrowed airways and lead to less air in and out of the lungs. According to the Ministry of Health in Indonesia pravelensi asthma is a major cause of illness and 10 deaths, an estimated 2-5% of the entire population of Indonesia, means that there are 12.5 million people with asthma in Indonesia. Indoor environment or in a room or home environment can contribute to trigger asthma attacks greater than outdoor or outdoor environments. Environmental factors in the home that may affect asthma attack can be a condition of the physical environment and the behavior of families with asthma. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the physical environment with acute asthma cases in the area of East Jakarta Administration City with a case study on Persahabatan Hospital.
S-8042
Depok : FKM-UI, 2013
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ema Hermawati; Pembimbing: Agustin Kusumayati, Dewi Susanna; Penguji: Laila Fitri, N. Budi Santoso, Sabar Paulus
T-2323
Depok : FKM UI, 2006
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Meithyra Melviana Simatupang; Pembimbing: Sri Tjahjani Budi Utami; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Laila Fitri, Didin Aliyudin, Upi Meikawati
Abstrak:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis dilepaskan oleh penderita saat batuk, bersin bahkan ketika berbicara. Durasi dan lamanya paparan kuman TB merupakan faktor penting dalam penularan, terutama pada ruangan tertutup. Maka, orang yang paling rentan tertular adalah kontak serumah penderita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku dan kondisi lingkungan rumah terhadap adanya gejala TB pada kontak serumah penderita. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan dengan mewawancarai 73 penderita TB serta kontak serumahnya dan mengobservasi kondisi lingkungan rumahnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya gejala TB pada kontak serumah dipengaruhi oleh penderita yang tidak menutup mulut saat batuk/bersin, membuang dahak sembarangan dan kontak serumah yang tidur di ruangan yang sama dengan penderita. Adapun kondisi rumah yang berpengaruh meliputi pencahayaan dan ventilasi yang tidak memenuhi syarat serta kepadatan hunian yang tinggi. Kesimpulannya, perilaku dan kondisi lingkungan rumah berkaitan dengan adanya gejala tuberkulosis pada kontak serumah. Agar tidak terjadi penularan pada kontak serumah, penderita dianjurkan untuk menggunakan masker, kontak serumah tidak boleh tidur bersama penderita. Pencahayaaan dan ventilasi rumah juga harus sesuai syarat rumah sehat untuk mencegah perkembangbiakan mikroorganisme di dalam rumah.
Kata kunci: tuberkulosis, perilaku, lingkungan rumah, kontak serumah
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria exhaled by patients when coughing, sneezing, even speaking. Duration and frequency of exposure is important factor of TB transmission, especially in closed room. Therefore, household contact of TB patient is susceptible. This research aimed to find out the influence of behavior and house environment condition to tuberculosis symptoms existence at household contact of TB patient. This cross-sectional research collected data by interviewed 73 TB patients and their household contact. Then, observation the house environment conditions. Results showed that TB symptoms at household contact was affected by patient behavior to covered mouth when coughing/sneezing, disposed sputum carelessly and household contact behavior who slept in the same room with the patient. While, house condition that affect was not-eligible lighting and ventilation, then high population density. In conclusion, behavior and house environment condition was influenced the existence of TB symptoms at household contact. To avoid tuberculosis transmission, patients is suggested to wear mask and their household contacts should not sleep with them in the same room. Lighting and ventilation also have to comply healthy house requirement to prevent the proliferation of microorganisms in the house.
Keywords: tuberculosis, behavior, house environment, household contact
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Kata kunci: tuberkulosis, perilaku, lingkungan rumah, kontak serumah
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria exhaled by patients when coughing, sneezing, even speaking. Duration and frequency of exposure is important factor of TB transmission, especially in closed room. Therefore, household contact of TB patient is susceptible. This research aimed to find out the influence of behavior and house environment condition to tuberculosis symptoms existence at household contact of TB patient. This cross-sectional research collected data by interviewed 73 TB patients and their household contact. Then, observation the house environment conditions. Results showed that TB symptoms at household contact was affected by patient behavior to covered mouth when coughing/sneezing, disposed sputum carelessly and household contact behavior who slept in the same room with the patient. While, house condition that affect was not-eligible lighting and ventilation, then high population density. In conclusion, behavior and house environment condition was influenced the existence of TB symptoms at household contact. To avoid tuberculosis transmission, patients is suggested to wear mask and their household contacts should not sleep with them in the same room. Lighting and ventilation also have to comply healthy house requirement to prevent the proliferation of microorganisms in the house.
Keywords: tuberculosis, behavior, house environment, household contact
T-4811
Depok : FKM UI, 2017
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Dwiari; Pembimbing: Sumengen Sutomo; Penguji: Dewi Susanna, Laila Fitri, Gindo M. Simanjuntak, Yudianto
T-2712
Depok : FKM UI, 2007
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sulthan Alvin Faiz Bara Mentari; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Herwin Meifendy, Debbie Valonda S
Abstrak:
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Jalan Raya Daan Mogot-Pesing Kota Jakarta Barat merupakan jalan raya yang memiliki fungsi vital karena dikelilingi perumahan, industri, pasar, menghubungkan dua kota besar (Jakarta Barat dan Tanggerang), serta merupakan jalan raya yang memiliki titik konsentrasi PM2.5 tertinggi dengan 298 µg/m3 berdasarkan data IQair. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah penelitian yang dapat menganalisis risiko kesehatan terhadap masyarakat yang tinggal disekitarnya akibat pajanan PM2.5. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ARKL dengan sampel udara pada 4 titik pengukuran dan sampel subjek sebanyak 96 responden. Pengambilan sampel udara menggunakan alat Dusttrak sedangkan pengambilan data sampel subjek dilakukan dengan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran PM2.5 pada 4 titik pengukuran, terdapat 3 titik yang konsentrasinya telah berada diatas baku mutu PP No.22 tahun 2021 pada titik 2 dengan 73,8 µg/m3, titik 3 dengan 57,2 µg/m3, dan titik 4 dengan 155,4 µg/m3. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, didapatkan data rerata berat badan responden 59,5 kg, umur 44,5 tahun, waktu pajanan 24 jam/hari, frekuensi pajanan 350 hari/tahun, dan durasi pajanan 20 tahun. Intake realtime dan lifetime tertinggi berada pada titik 4 pengukuran dengan konsentrasi maksimum 0,03 mg/kg/hari dan 0,05 mg/kg/hari. RQ realtime dan lifetime tertinggi berada pada titik 4 dengan nilai maksimum 1,74 dan 2,61. Dibutuhkan manajemen risiko yang dapat menanggulangi titik dengan kategori berisiko diantaranya edukasi penggunaan masker, menanam tanaman penyaring debu dalam rumah, peningkatan gizi, serta penghijauan jalan raya.
Daan Mogot-Pesing road of West Jakarta is a highway that has a vital function because it is surrounded by housing, industry, markets, connects two big cities (West Jakarta and Tangerang), and is a highway that has the highest PM2.5 concentration point with 298 µg /m3 based on IQair data. Therefore, a study is needed that can analyze the health risks to the people who live around them due to PM2.5 exposure. This study used the EHRA method with air samples at 4 measurement points and a sample of 96 respondents. Air samples were taken using the Dusttrak tool while the subject sample data was collected by interview. Based on the results of PM2.5 measurements at 4 measurement points, there are 3 points whose concentrations are above the PP No. 22 of 2021 quality standards at point 2 with 73.8 µg/m3, point 3 with 57.2 µg/m3, and point 4 with 155.4 µg/m3. Based on the interview results, the average respondent's body weight was 59.5 kg, age 44.5 years, exposure time 24 hours/day, exposure frequency 350 days/year, and exposure duration 20 years. The highest realtime and lifetime intakes were at point 4 of measurement with a maximum concentration of 0.03 mg/kg/day and 0.05 mg/kg/day. The highest realtime and lifetime RQ is at point 4 with a maximum value of 1.74 and 2.61. Risk management is needed that can address points with risk categories including education on using masks, planting dust filter plants in the house, improving nutrition, and planting plants around the road.
T-6615
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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