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The incidence of neonatal asphyxia remains a serious problem in Indonesia. Oneof the causes of the high infant mortality in Indonesia is asphyxia neonatorum isequal to 33.6%. One of the factors associated with the incidence of birth asphyxianeonatorum is the Sectio Caesarea delivery. The purpose of this study was todetermine the relationship of labor action by sectio Caesarea with the incidence ofneonatal asphyxia after covariate control variables. This study used a case controldesign design using secondary data from maternal medical records in RSIA BudiKemuliaan, Jakarta in 2013 samples of this study was neonatal asphyxia. Analysisusing logistic regression. The results showed 66.2% of babies born with birthasphyxia sectio Caesarea. In addition it was found that labor relations act sectioCaesarea and asphyxia events have statistically significant association with a p-value of 0.042 where the mother who gave birth to the labor action sectioCaesarea has 2 times the risk (95% CI 1.03 to 4.32) for the case of asphyxia ininfants born to mothers who gave birth compared with vaginal delivery (normal)after controlled with variable layout abnormalities, fetal distress, andpreeclampsia.Keywords : Sectio caesarea, asphyxia
Low adequate supply of exclusive breastfeeding becomes a serious threatment of increasing number in infant mortality and morbidity. Perception of insufficient breastmilk supply in one of the causes on a failure of exclusive breastfeeding supply. Maternal nutrition status especially during pregnancy is one of the factors that causes mother has this perception, because mother who has insufficient nutritional status will influence her ability to synthesize breastmilk that causes infant doesn't have enough breastmilk for his growth and development.
Derajat kesehatan masyarakat merupakan salah satu indikator kesejahteraan suatu bangsa. Upaya yang dilakukan di bidang kesehatan adalah dengan meningkatkan umur harapan hidup, dengan cara menurunkan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB). Dibanding negara- negara ASEAN, AKI dan AKB di Indonesia masih tinggi, demikian juga kondisi AKI dan AKB di Jawa Barat, termasuk di Kabupaten Karawang. Pelayanan antenatal merupakan salah satu intervensi kesehatan yang paling efektif untuk pencegahan kesakitan dan kematian ibu. Kematian ibu dapat dicegah bila komplikasi dan keadaan resiko tinggi kehamilan dapat dideteksi sejak dini melalui pemeriksaan antenatal sedini mungkin. Hasil kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh bidan di desa Kabupaten Karawang dalam pelayanan antenatal (cakupan ANC K1 dan K4), menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan yang tinggi. Hal ini merupakan indikator bahwa kinerja bidan di desa masih belum baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan, pengalaman, tempat tinggal, motivasi, kelengkapan alat, supervisi dan klasifikasi desa dengan kinerja bidan di desa dalam pelayanan antenatal. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional, dengan populasi semua bidan di desa sebanyak 305 responden. Sampel penelitian semua populasi, yang berhasil didata sebanyak 289 responden. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2008, di Kabupaten Karawang, dengan wawancara dan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis univariat dengan membuat distribusi frekuensi masing-masing variabel, analisis bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda dengan kriteria kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi bidan di desa yang mempunyai kinerja kurang (49,8%), sedikit lebih rendah dibanding bidan di desa yang mempunyai kinerja baik (50,2%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengetahuan tentang umur kehamilan dan fokus supervisi berhubungan signifikan dengan kinerja bidan di desa. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel fokus supervisi berhubungan signifikan dengan kinerja bidan di desa. Bidan di desa dengan fokus supervisi kurang akan berpeluang mempunyai kinerja kurang 1,7 kali lebih besar dibanding bidan di desa dengan fokus supervisi baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis merekomendasikan saran sebagai berikut: Bagi Puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan perlu meningkatkan supervisi dengan cara membuat jadwal supervisi, cek list, kemudian didiskusikan, sampai terbentuk formulasi tentang masalah yang ada, menentukan penyebab masalah, prioritas dan membuat langkah- langkah perbaikan, membuat komitmen bersama untuk perbaikan, melakukan pelatihan bagi petugas supervisi, kemudian melakukan uji coba, menilai hasil yang dicapai dan menentukan tindak lanjut berikutnya. Bagi bidan di desa perlu memahami kembali tentang tujuan, wewenang, tugas pokok dan fungsi sebagai bidan di desa, meningkatkan kerjasama, lebih proaktif dan meningkatkan soft skill. Bagi masyarakat perlu kerjasama dan partisipasinya dalam pelayanan antenatal. Bagi peneliti lain perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang fokus supervisi untuk meningkatkan kinerja bidan di desa dalam pelayanan antenatal dengan wawancara independen dan tentang kinerja bidan di desa secara komprehensif. Daftar bacaan : 49 (1980-2008) Kata kunci : Kinerja, Bidan di Desa, Pelayanan Antenatal, Cross Sectional
ABSTRACT The level of public health is one of the indicators related to the wealth of society. One of the efforts being done in the health subject is to increase the age life expectancy by reducing the maternal mortality rate (MMR) and neonatal mortality rate (NMR). Comparing to the other ASEAN countries, Indonesia’s MMR and NMR are still high, and so does for of West Java’s MMR and NMR, including Karawang regency. Antenatal care is one of the most effective health intervention in preventing the maternal morbidity and mortality. Maternal mortality can be prevented, if complication and high risk conditions are detected early by antenatal care. Activity result of village midwives on antenatal care in Karawang regency (including ANC K1 dan K4) shows high discrepancy; which indicates that village midwives performances is not yet good. The research objective is to find out the link between knowledge, experience, residence, motivation, full-equipments, supervision and village classification with village midwives’ performances in the antenatal care. This research of cross sectional program, uses a population of all the village midwives which are 305 respondents. The sample is using all of the population, 289 are successfully recorded as data. The data collection is started from March until April 2008, in Karawang regency, through interview and questionnaire forms. Univariate analysis by making frequency distribution of such variable, bivariate analysis by chi square test and multivariate analysis by multiregression logistic test with p value<0,05. The research result shows that the proportion of the village midwives with low performance (49,8%) is almost the same as the village midwives with good performance (50,2%). The bivariate analysis shows variable knowledge of the age of pregnancy and supervision focus has significant relationship with the village midwives’ performance. The village midwives with less supervision focus have an opportunity to perform less by 1.7 times greater than the village midwives with good supervision focus. According to research results, writer recommends advises as the following: For the Public Health Center and Official Health needs an improvement on supervision by making supervision schedule, check list and continued with discussions, in order to find the formulation of the existing problem, the cause of the problem, priorities and developing solving steps, making commitment together to improve, conducting training for supervision officers, then conducting testing which evaluate the result and decide the next steps. For the village midwives, they need to understand the objectives, authority, the main function and responsibilities as village midwives, to improve teamwork, be more proactive and to improve soft skill. For the surrounding society, its teamwork and participation are importantly needed in the antenatal care. For other researchers, it is needed to carry on further researches about supervision focus to improve the village midwives performance in the antenatal care with independent interview and about comprehensive of the village midwives performance. References : 49 (1980-2008) Key words : Performance, The Village Midwives, Antenatal Care, Cross Sectional
dependent Infant survival is defined as the ability of infants to survive through life up to 1 year old. Infant survival is the opposite of infant mortality is the death that occurred between after birth until the baby has not exactly 1 year old. In 2012, Indonesia IMR reported as 32 per 1,000 live births. This figure is relatively high compared to the Asia countries with similar socio-economic conditions. Moreover, the gap of IMR also occurred in socio-economic level within Indonesia. Socio-economic status is the primary factor determining survival of infants. Socio-economic status will affect infant survival through maternal factors, nutrition, baby's condition at birth, disease control and environment. This study aims to reveal the infant survival in Indonesia and its determinants based on data IDHS 2012. This study uses Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012. The result shows that probability of infant survival in Indonesia amounted to 97,8%. Infant survival decreased sharply in the first months of age 1, wherein the proportion of infant deaths in the neonatal period amounted to 53.8% and neonatal deaths occurred in the age of 0-7 days, by 80%. Based on the results of time-dependent Cox regression, the variables entered into the multivariate model were maternal age when gave birth (20-35 years, HR = 1.9), Maternal employment (officer/employee, HR = 2.2; informal sector/industrial, HR = 3.3 ; agriculture, HR = 2.1), birth weight (<2500 grams, HR = 5.9; not weigh, HR = 2.0), prelakteal feeding (HR = 1.5), post-delivery checked (not checked, HR = 2.2). There is interaction between time with the effects of low birth weight and post- delivery checked in the multivariate model obtained. Keywords : Infant survival, infant death, socio-economics, neonatal, cox time dependent regression
Kata kunci :Stunting, PMBA, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, minimumacceptable diet.
