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Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia
yang merupakan negara dengan kasus TBC tertinggi kedua di dunia. Tahun 2023 di DKI Jakarta terjadi peningkatan insiden TBC sebesar 31,75% dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya dan bahkan melebihi target insiden 2023 yang ditetapkan (>54.175 kasus). Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional yang memanfaatkan data Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis Komunitas (SITK), dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TBC paru di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2022-2023. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh kontak terduga TBC di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2022-2023 yang memiliki hasil pemeriksaan TBC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lansia (PR = 1,56; 95% CI: 1,473–1,653), laki-laki (PR = 1,37; 95% CI: 1,314–1,441), perokok (PR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,206–1,367), penderita DM (PR = 1,85; 95% CI: 1,585–2,171), dan pengobatan TBC tidak tuntas (PR = 2,24; 95% CI: 2,121–2,365) merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap kejadian TBC paru. Sementara itu kontak serumah (PR = 0,6; 95% CI: 0,538–0,678) memiliki hubungan signifikan yang bersifat protektif terhadap kejadian TBC paru. Sosialisasi upaya berhenti/mengurangi rokok, penyuluhan pencegahan TBC kepada lansia dan penderita DM serta pendampingan pengobatan pasien TBC merupakan upaya yang dapat mencegah terjadinya insiden TBC paru di DKI Jakarta.
Tuberculosis is a major public health threat in Indonesia, which is the second-highest TB burdened country in the world. In 2023, the incidence of TB in Jakarta increased by 31.75% compared to the previous year and even exceeded the 2023 incidence target (>54,175 cases). This study is a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Community Tuberculosis Information System (SITK), aimed at identifying risk factors associated with pulmonary TB cases in Jakarta Province from 2022 to 2023. The study sample consisted of all suspected TB contacts in Jakarta Province from 2022 to 2023 who had undergone TB testing. The study results showed that older adults (PR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.473–1.653), males (PR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.314–1.441), smokers (PR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,206–1,367), DM patients (PR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.585–2.171), and incomplete TB treatment (PR = 2.24; 95% CI: 2.121–2.365) were significant risk factors for pulmonary TB incidence. Meanwhile, household contacts (PR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.538–0.678) have a significant protective association with the occurrence of pulmonary TB. Efforts to promote smoking cessation/reduction, TB prevention education for the elderly and DM patients, and patient accompaniment during TB treatment are measures that can prevent the occurrence of pulmonary TB in Jakarta.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di DKI Jakarta bulan April 2012 dengan menggunakan desain ekologi. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari hasil rekapitulasi jumlah penderita diare perbulan perwilayah selama tahun 2007 ? 2011 di DKI Jakarta. Data ditampilkan secara visualisasi trend berdasarkan tempat dan waktu serta dianalisis secara statistik untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel dependen dan independen. Kasus diare perbulan tertinggi di DKI Jakarta bulan Februari 2007 sebesar 33.511 penderita, kasus diare pertahun perwilayah tertinggi di wilayah IV (Wilayah Kotamadya Jakarta Selatan dan Jakarta Timur) 2010 sebesar 87.355 penderita. Rata-rata suhu udara perbulan tertinggi bulan April 2010 sebesar 29.20C, curah hujan tertinggi bulan Februari 2007 sebesar 673.5 mm, kelembaban tertinggi bulan Februari 2008 sebesar 86%, kecepatan angin bulan Maret sebesar 6.5 knot. Ada hubungan signifikan suhu udara dengan kasus diare (p value 0.0005) dan hubungan sedang (r = -0.319), berpola negatif, ada hubungan signifikan curah hujan dengan kasus diare (p value 0.0005) dan hubungan sedang (r = 0.273) berpola positif, Ada hubungan signifikan kelembaban dengan kasus diare (p value 0.0005) dan hubungan sedang (r = 0.340) berpola positif, Ada hubungan signifikan kecepatan angin dengan kasus diare (p value 0.0005) dan hubungan kuat (r = -0.569) berpola negatif. Faktor iklim yang paling dominan yaitu curah hujan. Saran penelitian yaitu menyediakan sumber air bersih untuk dikonsumsi baik pada saat musim hujan ataupun musim kemarau, Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta harus mengelola sampah dengan baik, pembuatan taman kota atau penanaman kembali pohon-pohon di DKI Jakarta, perlu adanya kerjasama lintas program antara Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta, BMKG, PAM, ormas, tokoh masyarakat, civitas akademika dalam memanfaatkan data variasi iklim untuk mencegah terjadinya ledakan kasus (KLB) diare di masa yang akan datang, menjaga Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat (PHBS), makan yang baik dan bersih, istirahat yang cukup serta senantiasa melakukan Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS), perlu dilakukan intervensi dalam aspek SPAL (Saluran Pembuangan Air Limbah) ataupun pembuangan sampah yang teratur, jangan membuang sampah sembarangan.
This study was conducted in DKI Jakarta on April 2012 by using ecology desain. Data was used secondary data from result of summary of diarrhoea patient of sub-district per-month during year 2007 - 2011 in DKI Jakarta. Data presented visualizinged trend pursuant to time and place and also analysed statistically to see correlated between variable dependent and independent. Highest Diarrhoea case per-month in DKI Jakarta on Februari 2007 is 33.511 patient, highest area per-year diarrhoea case in region IV ( Regional south of Jakarta and east of Jakarta ) 2010 is 87.355 patient. Highest mean Temperature on April 2010 is 29.20C, highest mean rainfall on Februari 2007 is 673.5 mm, highest mean humidity on Februari 2008 is 86%, wind?s on March month is to 6.5 knot. There is significant correlations of temperature with diarrhoea case (p value 0.0005) and medium correlations (r = - 0.319), have negative pattern, there is significant correlations rainfall with diarrhoea case (p value 0.0005) and medium correlations (r = 0.273) have positive pattern, There is significant correlations humidity with diarrhoea case (p value 0.0005) and medium correlations (r = 0.340) have positive pattern, There is significant correlations wind?s speed with diarrhoea case (p value 0.0005) and strong correlations (r = - 0.569) have negative pattern. the most dominant climate factor that is rainfall. Research suggestion that is providing the source of clean and hygiene water to be consumed at the rains and or dry season, sanitary department of state DKI Jakarta have to manage garbage better, making town garden or cultivation tree in DKI Jakarta, need the existence of cooperation program among Public Health Service Provinsi DKI Jakarta, BMKG, PAM, NGO, elite figure, civitas academica in exploiting climate variation data to prevent of diarrhoea case explosion (KLB) in the future, taking care of Healthy and Clean life Behavior (PHBS), eat non contaminated and good food, good and clean hand wash with Soap (CTPS), require to intervence in SPAL aspect (segregate system) and regular garbage disposal, good garbage management program.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In 2022, COVID-19 was the leading cause of inpatient admissions and deaths at Tarakan Regional General Hospital (RSUD Tarakan). This highlights the importance of investigating factors related to mortality of COVID-19 inpatient at RSUD Tarakan in 2022. This study uses a retrospective cohort design with secondary data from the hospital's Electronic Health Records (EHR). The variables studied included patient’s characteristics, comorbid, complications, and the management of COVID-19 cases. A total of 550 samples met the criteria for analysis. Multivariate analysis using cox regression with time constant identified several risk factors for COVID-19-related deaths at RSUD Tarakan in 2022, including severity (aRR 2.95; 95%CI 1.61-5.39), chronic kidney disease (aRR 3.19; 95%CI 1.62-6.31), and the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation for <96 hours (aRR 3.50; 95%CI 1.97-6.22) and ≥96 hours (aRR 2.44; 95%CI 1.24-4.80). Meanwhile, protective factors include the use of favipiravir (aRR 0.33; 95%CI 0.16-0.70) and remdesivir (aRR 0.69; 95%CI 0.38-1.26). Based on these findings, the researchers recommend that hospital improve clinical pathways and standard operating procedures that take into account the risk and protective factors for COVID-19 mortality
