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Prehypertension among adolescenses plays important role on raising the risk of hypertension among adults. The purpose of this study is to know the related and dominant factors of prehypertension among 14-17 years old adolescence in SMA Al-Azhar 3 Jakarta based on sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status (BMI), physical activiy, sodium intake, and sleep duration, and smoking habit. This study used cross-sectional design. Total of 142 respondents from grade X and XI were included in this study. Instruments used are questionnaires, mercury sfigmomanometer, stethoscope, digital scales, and microtoice The result of study shows that prehypertension prevalence is 40.8%. There is significant correlation in sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status (BMI), sodium intake, and sleep duration. Nutritional status (BMI), especially overweight, is the dominant factor of prehypertension with odds rasio of 5.998. It is suggested to measure other variables that have not been measured in similiar research. Keywords : Prehypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, sleep duration, sodium intake, adolescence
Diabetes melitus (DM) masih menjadi tantangan bagi negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) memproyeksikan angka DM di Indonesia akan meningkat 150%, menjadi 28,6 juta jiwa pada tahun 2045. WHO merekomendasikan kelompok berisiko untuk melakukan kombinasi dari konsumsi buah dan sayur ≥5 porsi/hari serta melakukan aktivitas fisik cukup untuk hasil optimal dalam menurunkan risiko DM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara efek gabungan konsumsi buah-sayur dan aktivitas fisik dengan DM pada penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2023. Desain studi cross sectional dari data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 dengan total sampel 23.821 orang dewasa berusia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi DM pada orang dewasa sebesar 15,2%. Analisis multivariat dengan uji logistic regression menunjukkan asosiasi yang tidak signifikan antara konsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik kurang dibandingkan dengan penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup (RRCorrected 1,2; 95%CI 1,08-1,52 p value 0,607), artinya penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah memiliki tren peningkatan risiko DM sebesar 1,2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan orang dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup setelah dikontrol variabel usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi dan obesitas sentral, meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik. Optimalisasi upaya pencegahan DM dengan meningkatkan intake buah-sayur agar memenuhi rekomendasi ≥5 porsi/hari dapat dilakukan penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun yang disertai dengan meningkatkan kegiatan aktivitas fisik baik sedang maupun berat serta meningkatkan kegiatan olah raga bersama baik di sekolah, kampus, kantor maupun di rumah.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a significant challenge for developing countries, including Indonesia. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) projects that the number of DM cases in Indonesia will increase by 150%, reaching 28,6 million by 2045. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that high-risk groups adopt a combination of consuming ≥5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day and engaging in sufficient physical activity for optimal results in reducing DM risk. This study aims to examine the association between the combined effects of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity on DM among adults aged 18–64 years in Indonesia in 2023. The study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), involving a total sample of 23,821 adults aged 18–64 in Indonesia. The findings revealed that the prevalence of DM among adults was 15,2%. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed a non-significant association between consuming <3 servings of fruits and vegetables per day with insufficient physical activity compared to adults who consumed ≥5 servings per day and engaged in adequate physical activity (RRcorrected 1,2; 95% CI 1,08–1,52, p-value 0,607). This suggests that adults with low fruit and vegetable intake (<3 servings/day) and low physical activity had a trend of a 1,2 times higher risk of DM compared to those who met the recommended intake (≥5 servings/day) and had sufficient physical activity, after controlling for age, sex, hypertension, and central obesity—though the result was not statistically significant. To optimize DM prevention efforts, adults aged 18–64 should increase their fruit and vegetable intake to meet the recommended ≥5 servings per day, alongside increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity and promoting group exercise activities in schools, universities, workplaces, and at home.
Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi prioritas global, penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan. Indonesia menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia dengan 73,7% kasus DM yang tidak terdiagnosis. Prevalensi DM di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Obesitas sentral dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko diabetes melitus. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian diabetes melitus. Namun, penentuan diagnosis DM hanya didasarkan pada pemeriksaan glukosa darah sewaktu, tanpa disertai informasi mengenai gejala dan Riwayat DM sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas sentral dengan diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah atau HbA1c pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis sebanyak 25.494. Analisis multivariat menggunakan cox regression untuk mengetahui hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah atau HbA1c pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat.
Hasil: Prevalensi diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis sebesar 16,0%. Obesitas sentral meningkatkan risiko diabetes melitus sebesar 1,6 kali (PR: 1,6; 95% CI: 1,53–1,76) setelah dikontrol usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, hipertensi, dan dislipidemia.
Kesimpulan: Penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia dengan obesitas sentral memiliki risiko 1,6 kali lebih besar untuk menderita diabetes melitus dibandingkan penduduk usia ≥15 tahun tanpa obesitas sentral setelah dikontrol oleh usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, hipertensi dan dislipidemia. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya modifikasi gaya hidup melalui pola makan sehat, aktivitas fisik rutin, serta deteksi dini sebagai upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian DM.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in the cardiovascular group. Obesity could increase a person's risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 DM and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes with obesity increases the risk of CHD events based on Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS). This study was used a retrospective cohort study design using secondary data on NCD Risk Factor Cohort Study in 2011-2018. The sample was 493 obese adult respondents in population of NCD Risk Factor Cohort Study whom met this study inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of multivariate analysis using cox regression after being controlled by age and duration of obesity found that prediabetes had HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.462- 1.387), p = 0.429 which means the relationship between prediabetes with CHD events in obese adult respondents was not statistically significant.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death globally with a mortality rate of nearly 17.5 million annually. Smoking accounts for 33% and hypertension accounts for 31% of all deaths from cardiovascular disease. Smoking and hypertension are major risk factors for CHD, which are a serious problem that needs to be addressed in Indonesia and the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the greater risk of smoking and hypertension with the incidence of coronary heart disease in Indonesia. The study used a retrospective cohort design. The data used are secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-4 and IFLS-5 data for 2007-2014) with a total sample of 19,486 population respondents aged ≥18 years. Data analysis with cox regression and the amount of risk is expressed in risk ratio (RR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Data analysis using data processing software. The results of multivariate analysis after being controlled by sex and DM history showed that smoking individually was not related to CHD in Indonesia in 2007-2014 with a value (RR 1.08; 95% CI = 0.70- 1.67). Hypertension individually increases CHD risk (RR 1.19; 95% CI = 0.92-1.53). Smoking and hypertension together increase the risk of CHD compared to people who don't smoke and don't have hypertension in Indonesia in 2007-2014 (RR 1.66; 95% CI = 1.11-2.48) meaning that respondents who smoke and hypertension are at risk of experiencing CHD 1.66 times (95% CI; 1.11-2.48) compared to nonsmokers and those without hypertension.
Introduction. High HbA1c can potentially cause various health implications, primarily related to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Poor sleep quality increases the risk of elevated HbA1c levels through multiple mechanisms. This study aims to determine the association between sleep quality and high HbA1c levels in Indonesia's productive age population of 20-59 years. Methodology. This study was conducted cross-sectionally using Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 data in 2014. The sample size was 4223 using the total sampling method. Data were analyzed descriptively and estimated using multiple logistic regression analysis. The data were analyzed using STATA 13 software. Results. The prevalence of high HbA1c levels was 6.06%, while the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 15.16%. A total of 15.47% who experienced high HbA1c levels had poor sleep quality. The final model analysis showed that those with poor sleep quality were statistically significantly associated (p<0.001) and increased the risk of high HbA1c by four times compared to those with good sleep quality (PR= 3.99; 3.0563-5.2173). There were no confounders that could interfere with the association of high HbA1c levels with poor sleep quality in this study. However, those who were ≥45 years old, female, hypertension, and BMI ≥23 kg/m2 had a greater risk of high HbA1c in poor sleep quality. Conclusion. Poor sleep quality was shown to be significantly associated with the incidence of high HbA1c levels. Requires educational interventions and health counselling in the productive age population related to maintaining sleep quality based on the components of good sleep quality for maintaining normal HbA1c levels.
