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Annisa Ayu Tantia; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Fatma Lestari, Mufti Wirawan, Ajeng Pramayu
Abstrak:
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Berkembangnya konsep resilience di era global dan industri 4.0 menuntut perusahaan di berbagai sektor untuk mengikuti era teknologi, digitalisasi pekerjaan, pengaturan lingkungan kerja, dan perkembangan bisnis. Konsep resilien menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja dalam 4 aspek potensial yaitu kemampuan untuk merespon, mengantisipasi, memantau hal yang terjadi di internal maupun eksternal, serta proses belajar dari hal yang berjalan dengan benar dan salah. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisis implementasi konsep safety resilience di industri maritim khususnya perusahaan perkapalan, baik itu milik negara maupun swasta. Manfaat penelitian yaitu memberikan perspektif implementasi safety resilience untuk menghadapi kejadian yang dapat diperkirakan atau tidak terduga, khususnya tabrakan kapal. Desain studi deskriptif menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif, dan panduan wawancara berdasarkan Resilience Assessment Grid. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, tingkat implementasi safety resilience di PT J sebesar 75,1% dan PT K sebesar 70,2%. Faktor pendukung di PT J dan PT K terkait implementasi Safety Resilience yaitu kemampuan respon (80%), kemampuan belajar (74,62%) dan kemampuan monitor (70,77%). Faktor penghambat yaitu kemampuan antisipasi (66,92%). Sehingga, kedua perusahaan perkapalan ini menuju ke tingkat proactive. Secara keseluruhan, safety resilience diharapkan dapat meningkatkan performa dan sistem manajemen keselamatan yang dibentuk untuk melampaui tuntutan penaatan regulasi internasional maupun nasional.
Development of resilience concept in the global era and industry 4.0 requires companies in various sectors to follow technology, digitization of work, setting the work environment, and business development. Resilience concept showed performance improvement in four potential aspect, the ability to respond, anticipate, monitor, and learning process both of what is going right and wrong. This study aim to analyze implementation of safety resilience concept in the maritime industry, especially at shipping companies both public company (PT J) and private company (PT K). The benefit of this research was to provide a perspective on the implementation of safety resilience to anticipate major events, especially vessel collision. This research is a descriptive study using semi-quantitative methods. Interview guideline based on the Resilience Assessment Grid. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. This study analysis showed the level of implementation of safety resilience at PT J was 75.1% while PT K had a percentage of 70.2%. Supporting factors at PT J and PT K related to the implementation of Safety Resilience were ability to respond (80%), ability to learn (74.62%), and ability to monitor (70.77%). While the inhibiting factor at PT J and PT K was the ability to anticipate (66.92%). Both company was categorized at proactive level. Overall, safety resilience was expected to improve the performance and safety management system established to beyond international and national requirements.
T-5901
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aji Utomo Putro; Pembimbing: Dadan Erwandi; Penguji: Indri Hapsari Susilowati, Fatma Lestari, Ajeng Pramayu, Hairuddin Bangun Prasetyo
Abstrak:
Angka kematian akibat lift di dunia pada 1999-2009 sebesar 263 orang yang disebabkan 57% terjatuh, 18% terjepit, 17% tertimpa benda, dan 9% penyebab lainnya. Salah satu upaya pencegahan kecelakaan dengan menganalisis faktor psikososial yang mengakibatkan stres kerja dan perilaku berisiko yang dapat menimbulkan kecelakaan kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor psikososial terhadap stres kerja dan perilaku berisiko karyawan di PT. X. Metode penelitian yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif, desain studi cross-sectional, dengan sampel 200 orang. Faktor psikososial yang berhubungan yaitu beban kerja dan kecepatan kerja, pengendalian, fungsi organisasi, hubungan interpersonal, peran organisasi, pengembangan karir, home-work interface, tuntutan psikologis, partisipasi atau pengawasan, perundungan dan kekerasan. Terdapat hubungan antara stres kerja dan perilaku berisiko. Perilaku yang sering muncul ketika karyawan mengalami stres kerja yaitu terburu-buru saat bekerja. Keluhan stres kerja paling tinggi terkait keluhan fisiologis yaitu konsumsi obat penghilang sakit kepala; keluhan perilaku yaitu menyela dan memotong kalimat orang lain; keluhan emosional yaitu enggan pergi kerja. PT X sebaiknya melakukan risk assesment lebih komprehensif, memperjelas pengembangan karir, dan perhitungan ulang terkait beban kerja, efektifitas dan efisiensi agar tidak berdampak buruk terhadap work-life balance karyawan
The death rate due to elevators in the world at 1999-2009 was 263 people, caused by 57% falling, 18% being pinched, 17% falling by objects, and 9% other causes. One of the efforts to prevent accidents was to analyze psychosocial factors that caused work stress and at-risk behavior that can lead to work accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of psychosocial factors to work stress and at-risk behavior of employees at PT. X which is engaged in the elevator and escalator sector. This research method was descriptive quantitative, cross-sectional study, with a sample of 200 people. Psychosocial factors related to workload and work speed, job control, organizational function, interpersonal relationships, organizational roles, career development, home-work interface, psychological demands, participation or supervision, bullying and violence. There is a relationship between work stress and at-risk behavior. Behaviors that often arise when employees experience work stress are rushing at work decisions. The highest work stress complaints were related to physiological complaints, namely the consumption of headache relievers; behavioral complaints, namely interrupting and cutting other people's sentences; emotional complaints, namely refusal to go to work; Cognitive complaints are difficulty thinking clearly and concentrating. PT X should conduct a more comprehensive risk assessment, clarify career development, and recalculate the workload, effectiveness and efficiency to prevent negative impact on employees' work-life balance.
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The death rate due to elevators in the world at 1999-2009 was 263 people, caused by 57% falling, 18% being pinched, 17% falling by objects, and 9% other causes. One of the efforts to prevent accidents was to analyze psychosocial factors that caused work stress and at-risk behavior that can lead to work accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of psychosocial factors to work stress and at-risk behavior of employees at PT. X which is engaged in the elevator and escalator sector. This research method was descriptive quantitative, cross-sectional study, with a sample of 200 people. Psychosocial factors related to workload and work speed, job control, organizational function, interpersonal relationships, organizational roles, career development, home-work interface, psychological demands, participation or supervision, bullying and violence. There is a relationship between work stress and at-risk behavior. Behaviors that often arise when employees experience work stress are rushing at work decisions. The highest work stress complaints were related to physiological complaints, namely the consumption of headache relievers; behavioral complaints, namely interrupting and cutting other people's sentences; emotional complaints, namely refusal to go to work; Cognitive complaints are difficulty thinking clearly and concentrating. PT X should conduct a more comprehensive risk assessment, clarify career development, and recalculate the workload, effectiveness and efficiency to prevent negative impact on employees' work-life balance.
T-6200
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Tri Buana Yogaswara; Pembimbing: Zulkifli Djunaidi; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Indri Hapsari Susilowati, Dedei Adnan Fauzi, Ajeng Pramayu
Abstrak:
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Posisi kerja merupakan titik penentu dalam menganalisis keefektivan dari suatu pekerjaan. Apabila posisi kerja yang dilakukan oleh pekerja sudah baik dan ergonomis maka dapat dipastikan hasil yang diperoleh oleh pekerja tersebut akan baik, akan tetapi bila posisi kerja pada pekerja tersebut salah atau tidak ergonomis maka pekerja tersebut mudah kelelahan dan terjadi kelainan pada bentuk tulang.Penelitian yang dilakukan di PT. X ini bertujuan untuk melihat kondisi kesehatan kerja di PT X dari sisi Antropometri, Desain Alat Kerja, Tempat Kerja pada Kelelahan Pekerja. . Menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat, penelitian ini melibatkan 79 orang karyawan pada Divisi Produksi menggunakan teknik sensus. Hasilnya adalah profil antropometri ,desain alat kerja, tempat kerja dan kelelahan pekerja memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja.
Work position is a determining point in analyzing the effectiveness of a job. If the work position carried out by the worker is good and ergonomic, it can be ascertained that the results obtained by the worker will be good, but if the work position for the worker is wrong or not ergonomic, then the worker is easily fatigued and abnormalities occur in the shape of the bones. at PT. X aims to see the working health conditions at PT X from an anthropometric perspective, work equipment design, work place and worker fatigue. . Using univariate and bivariate analysis, this study involved 79 employees in the Production Division using a census technique. The result is that anthropometric profiles, work tool design, workplace and worker fatigue have a significant effect on improving performance.
T-6895
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ayu Agustin: Pembimbing: Dadan Erwandi; Penguji: Hendra, Laksita Ri Hastiti, Wendri Wildiartoni, Ajeng Pramayu
Abstrak:
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Kehilangan pendengaran adalah penyebab kecacatan tertinggi keempat didunia. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia melaporkan bahwa 16% dari gangguan pendengaran yang dialami oleh orang dewasa diakibatkan dari pajanan kebisingan di tempat kerja. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi penurunan pendengaran, gambaran dan hubungan faktor-faktor risiko yang terkait dengan penurunan pendengaran pada pekerja factory dan warehouse PT XYZ. Penelitian ini mengadopsi desain cross-sectional dengan total populasi 421 karyawan, yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, observasi dan tes audiometri. Hasil penelitian didapat prevalensi kejadian penurunan pendengaran pekerja di PT XYZ di area factory dan warehouse adalah 29 pekerja (6,9 %) dari total 421 responden. Gambaran faktor pekerjaan yaitu 25,4% responden dengan waktu kerja > 8 jam, 62% responden memiliki masa kerja ≥ 10 tahun, 47.0 % responden terpajan kebisingan melebihi dosis pajanan NAB >100%, 17,3% responden terpajan bising > 8 jam di PT XYZ. Gambaran faktor individu yaitu 39.7% responden usia ≥ 40 tahun, 64,4 % responden merokok, 25,4% responden terdiagnosa hipertensi, 5,5% responden memiliki diabetes, 76,2% responden hiperkolesterol, 1,9% responden termasuk dalam kategori penggunaan earphone kurang baik, 38,5% responden masuk dalam kategori kepatuhan penggunaan APT kurang baik. Kesimpulan bahwa usia, masa kerja, dan kepatuhan terhadap Alat Pelindung Telinga berkontribusi signifikan terhadap penurunan pendengaran pada tenaga kerja PT XYZ. Rekomendasi tes audiologi rutin, rotasi pekerjaan dari area bising tinggi, tindakan pengendalian kebisingan, program kesehatan yang menargetkan faktor gaya hidup seperti merokok dan kolesterol tinggi, dan peningkatan kepatuhan APT. Peneliti masa depan diharapkan untuk menyelidiki pajanan kebisingan sebelumnya, penggunaan obat ototoksik, dan tingkat kebisingan dan getaran tempat tinggal untuk lebih mengungkap faktor risiko NIHL.
Hearing loss is the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. The World Health Organization reports that 16% of hearing loss in adults results from exposure to noise in the workplace. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss, description, and relationship of risk faktors associated with hearing loss among PT XYZ factory and warehouse workers. This study adopted a cross-sectional design with a population of 421 employees, who were collected through questionnaires, observation and audiometric tests. The results showed that the prevalence of hearing loss at PT XYZ in the factory and warehouse area was 29 workers (6.9%) out of a total of 421 respondents. An overview of work faktors, namely 25.4% of respondents with working time > 8 hours, 62% of respondents had a working period of ≥ 10 years, 47.0% of respondents exposed to noise exceeded the NAV exposure dose > 100%, 17.3% of respondents exposed to noise > 8 hours in PT XYZ. A description of other faktors, namely 39.7% of respondents aged ≥ 40 years, 64.4% of respondents smoked, 25.4% of respondents diagnosed with hypertension, 5.5% of respondents had diabetes, 76.2% of respondents had hypercholesterolemia, 1.9% of respondents included in the category of use of earphones is not good, 38.5% of respondents fall into the category of compliance with the use of APT is not good. The conclusion is that age, years of service, and compliance with ear protection devices contribute significantly to hearing loss among PT XYZ workers. Recommendations for routine audiology testing, job rotation from high noise areas, noise control measures, health programs targeting lifestyle faktors such as smoking and high cholesterol and increasing PPE compliance. Future researchers are expected to hide prior noise exposure, use of ototoxic drugs, and residential noise and vibration levels to better uncover risk faktors for NIHL.
T-6907
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Andri Teguh Yulian Timor; Pembimbing: Chandra Satrya; Penguji: Ridwan Zahdi Sjaaf, Dadan Erwandi, Ajeng P. Pramayu, Devie Fitri Octaviani
Abstrak:
Proses pengemasan merupakan kegiatan utama dalam industri manufaktur yang melibatkan banyak pekerja. Interaksi antara pekerja dan mesin pengemas memiliki bahaya yaitu anggota badan terjebak antara 2 benda (terjepit) yang porsinya mencapai 50% dari jenis kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi di area pengemasan, dengan penyebab langsung adalah perilaku tidak aman. Pemantauan terhadap penerapan pengendalian risiko pada proses pengemasan merupakan faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap upaya menekan potensi kecelakaan kerja. Dari hasil kajian pada proses pengemasan di PT. XYZ diperoleh hasil bahwa pengendalian dilakukan pada sisi mesin dengan penggunaan safety cover, penyediaan tombol emergency stop dan penggunaan simbol peringatan bahaya pada mesin. Pengendalian pada sisi mesin memerlukan perhatian karena dalam observasi ditemukan beberapa mesin tidak memiliki safety cover dan simbol peringatan bahaya. Pengendalian pada sisi manusia (pekerja) berupa praktik perilaku aman berupa mematikan mesin jika terjadi permasalahan pada mesin dan anjuran menerapkan prosedur pengoperasian mesin. Informasi mengenai proses pelatihan formal dalam pengoperasian mesin sangat minim diperoleh dari penelitian ini. Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan jari terjepit adalah terjadinya penumpukan kerak pada sisi horizontal sealer, dan target produksi. Pengaturan suhu sealer perlu dipertimbangkan untuk menghindari terjadinya penumpukan kerak yang berpotensi menyebabkan sachet gagal turun dan target produksi sebaiknya diimbangi dengan kinerja mesin pengemas.
The packaging process is a major activity in the manufacturing industry involving many workers. Interaction between the worker and the packaging machine has a danger that the limbs are trapped between 2 objects (pinched) that portion reaches 50% of the type of work accidents occurring in the packaging area, monitoring the implementation of risk control in the packaging process is a factor that is very influential on efforts to suppress the potential of occupational accidents. From the results of the study on the packaging process at PT. XYZ obtained the result that the control is done on the side of the machine which required attention because in observation found some machines do not have safety cover and warning symbols. Control on the human side (workers) in the form of safe behavior practices and the suggestion to apply the operating procedures of the machine. Information on the formal training process in machine operation was minimal obtained from this study. Factors causing the occurrence of pinched finger crash is the occurrence of crust buildup on the horizontal side of the sealer, and production targets. Sealer temperature settings should be considered, and production targets should be considered to engine reliability.
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The packaging process is a major activity in the manufacturing industry involving many workers. Interaction between the worker and the packaging machine has a danger that the limbs are trapped between 2 objects (pinched) that portion reaches 50% of the type of work accidents occurring in the packaging area, monitoring the implementation of risk control in the packaging process is a factor that is very influential on efforts to suppress the potential of occupational accidents. From the results of the study on the packaging process at PT. XYZ obtained the result that the control is done on the side of the machine which required attention because in observation found some machines do not have safety cover and warning symbols. Control on the human side (workers) in the form of safe behavior practices and the suggestion to apply the operating procedures of the machine. Information on the formal training process in machine operation was minimal obtained from this study. Factors causing the occurrence of pinched finger crash is the occurrence of crust buildup on the horizontal side of the sealer, and production targets. Sealer temperature settings should be considered, and production targets should be considered to engine reliability.
T-4928
Depok : FKM UI, 2017
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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