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Latar Belakang: Tingginya angka kambuh (relapse) pada para pecandu Narkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat Adiktif (Napza) secaxa umum diasumsikan tidak akan berbeda jauh dengan angka relapse pada para pecandu jenis opiat. Masih saja angka relapse terbilang tinggi, bahkan dapat dikatakan penyalahgunaan ulang (relapse) opiat tersebut merupakan penyakit kronik yang berkali-kali muncul. Dari studi Pattison E.M (1980) yang dikutip Hawari (2000) menunjukkan bahwa angka relapse cukup tinggi yaitu 43,9%. Tujuan: Diketahuinya faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya relapse pada pasien ketergantungan opiat di RSKO Jakarta tahun 2003-2005, menggunakan data sekunder (data rekam medik pasien). Variabel-variabel yang diteliti yaitu faktor individu (jenis keiamin, tingkat pendidikan, golongan umur, status perkawinan, status pekerjaan, dan status infeksi hepatitis) serta faktor vat (pola punggunaan, lama pakai, cara pakai, iiekuensi pakai, dan kadar Zat). Rancangan Penelitian: Penelitian epidemiologi observasional analitik kasus kontrol. Metode Sampel yang didapatkan 72 kasus dan 84 kontrol, kcmudian dilakukan mndom menggunakan simple random sampling dengan dipilih 72 kasus dan 84 kontrol (1:1). Kasus adalah pasien ketcrgantungan opiat yang menurut catatan dari buku rekam medis; berkunjung berturut-tumt 6 bulan tanpa menggunakan opiat dan kembali berkunjung dcngan keluhan kembali menyalahgunakan opiat, kontrol adalah pasien kctcrganlungzm opiat yang menurut catatan dari buku rekam medik berktmjung berturut- turut 6 bulan tanpa mcnggunkaan opiat dan tetap betkunjung tanpa ada keluhan mcnyalahgunakan opiat. Data dianalisis mengunakan software komputer secara bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: Variabel yang berhubungan dengan tcrjadinya relapse opiat antara lain tingkat pendidikan, status perkawinan, status hepatitis, lama pakai, dan cara pakai. Sedangkan variabel yang paling dominan adalah status hepatitis, aninya pasien yang menderita hepatitis lebih berisiko untuk relapse dibandingkan pasien yang tidak menderita hepatitis setelah dikontrol variabel lain. Saran: RSKO dapat memberikan pelayanan khusus bagi pasien perempuan serta di bagian rekam rnedik perlu membuat format kajian (pertanyaan) yang lebih lengkap terutama faktor lingkungan sekitar pasien serta penyimpanan data seharusnya sudah menggunakan komputerisasi. Pada pasien diharapkan dapat mengenali diri sendiri terhadap kondisi saat ini sehingga mampu mengatasi hal-hal yang menyebabkan terjadinya relapse. Program studi diharapkan menjadi inisiator penelitian yang lebih mendalam, serta pada peneliti lain diharapkan menyertakan faktor lingkungan dan dilakukan dengan desain kohort prospekryfdengan jumlah sample yang lebih memadai.
Background: It is assumed that the high rate on relapse among drugs addictive in general (addicted to narcotics, psychotropic, and other substances/NAPZA) will not be different with the rate of relapse on opiate addictive. However, relapse occurrence on opiate addictive is relatively high and can be said as chronically disease that always relapse and relapse again. Study by E. M. Pattison (1980) cited by Hawari (2000) showed that relapse rate of the opiate is as high as 43.9%. Objective: To Gnd out factors related to the occurrence of opiate relapse among opiate addictive patients at the drugs addiction hospital (RSKO) in .Takana 2003 - 2005. Study is using secondary data of patient's medical record. Variables of the study are consist of individual factors (sex, age, level of education, marriage status, occupational status, and hepatitis infection status); and substance factors (substance use practical pattems, duration of substance use, way of employ, frequency of using, and level of substance concentration). Study Design: The study is an analytic observational epidemiology research that using a case-control design. Method: Sample is achieved by a simple random sampling and it`s comprised of 72 cases and 84 controls (lzl). The case is deiine as an opiate addictive patient, who has record on being clean from opiate for six months, but retuming to RSKO because of opiate relapse. Meanwhile, the control is an opiate addictive patient, who has record on being clean from opiate and visiting RSKO regularly in six months, and still visiting RSKO without any medical problem of being opiate relapse. Data is analyzed by using statistical software on the computer in bivariate and multivariate analysis. Result: Variables related to thc occurrence of opiate relapse are: level of education, marriage status, hepatitis status, the duration of using substance, and the way of employing the substance use. And the most dominant variable is the hepatitis status, which is mean that patient suffer from hepatitis is more likely to be relapse compare to patient without hepatitis, after it controlled by other variables. Suggestion: RSKO can address special services towards female patient. For the medical record unit, there is c need on improving the assessment forms, especially the assessment of factors surrounding the patient?s environment. It is also suggested that patient's data storage is should be computerized. To the patients, it is suggested to be having more self contentment. Therefore, they have the ability to deal with any problems that trigger the occurrence of relapse. To the study program, it is expected that the program could be as an initiator for other intense and profound research, and other researcher should includes the environ factors and using design of prospective cohon with adequate sample size.
Drug users in Indonesia are threatened by many health and social challenges of which HIV, HBV and HCV are dominant and hence the utilization of health services is vital for them. This study was aimed to determine the individual factors that influence the health service utilization among drug users in west Java (Bandung), Indonesia. We used secondary data from the National Drug Survey Indonesia 2008, with a sample size of 130 drug users. The individual determinant of health service utilization were studied in three categories, predisposing, enabling and need factors we found that living with parents, drug overdose, respiratory and miscellaneous symptoms were significantly associated with health service utilization. Those living with parents were more likely to use health services than those living with others. Those who had Digestive and Miscellaneous symptoms and did not experience drug overdose were also more likely to use health service utilization. We did not find any association among the predisposing factors and health service utilization among drug users.
The prevalence of illicit drug use among adolescents in Indonesia still needs to be reduced. Previous studies have suggested that family is a protective factor against illicit drug use. This study examined the role of family social capital against illicit drug use. The study analyzed secondary data. A total of 31,439 adolescents aged 10 24 years old and not yet married were involved in the present study. This study created an index of family social capital that was grouped in four dimensions from 14 variables. The cumulative explained of Principle Component Analysis was 61.8%. The findings showed that family social capital plays a protective factor against illicit drug use. However, when controlled by two permissive behaviors, it was shown that the older the adolescents, the stronger and more consistent the effect of family social capital. Other findings, family social capital did not directly affect illicit drug use, but the pathway was through two permissive behaviors. This study encourages illicit drug use prevention programs that involve the dimensions of family social capital and accommodate the development age of adolescents. In addition, the program should synergize with other risk behavior prevention programs