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Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan dan karakteristik individu terhadap kejadian leptospirosis di Jakarta tahun 2003-2005.
Disain : Studi ini menggunakan rancangan Kasus Kontrol. Data pada penelitian ini berasal dari data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Bagian Program-Diklat RSUD Tarakan ? Jakarta dan melalui wawancara terstruktur dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah dikembangkan. Wawancara dilakukan oleh enumerator yang sudah dilatih mewawancarai terhadap responden kasus maupun responden kontrol. Subyek berjumlah 190 orang, dimana responden yang positif leptospira sebagai kelompok kasus dan reponden yang negatif leptospira sebagai kontrol, dengan perbandingan 1:1. Varibel independen adalah Faktor lingkungan (Keadaan dan penataan rumah, loteng/plafon rumah, binatang penular (vektor), sarana air bersih, sarana penyimpanan makanan, SPAL) serta karakteristik individu ( Umur, pekerjaan, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan, perilaku, dan pendidikan). Ananlisis dilakukan deng chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil : Ada hubungan bermakna antara keadaan dan penataan rumah (OR= 3,956; 95%CI: 1,511-10,358), SPAL ( OR= 1,982; 95% CI: 1,111-3,536), Tingkat Sosial Ekonomi (OR= 1,928; 95% CI: 1,073-3,462), pengetahuan (OR= 17,625; 95% CI: 6,573-47,257) dan Pendidikan (OR= 2,407; 95% CI: 1,333-4,348).
Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa faktor lingkungan dan karakteristik individu berhubungan dengan kejadian leptospirosis di Jakarta pada tahun 2003-2005. Terdapat 4 (empat) faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian leptospirosis adalah pendidikan,pengetahuan, sarana air bersih dan komponen dan penataan rumah.
Kata Kunci: Faktor Lingkungan, Karakteristik Individu, Kejadian Leptospirosis, Kasus-Kontrol.
Background: Jakarta is one of the largest cities in Indonesia where almost every year got flood. Of course, flood brings very bad impact for all human life aspect, which one is the incidence of various post-flood diseases. Environment changes caused by flood resulting leptospirosis spread (rat urine disease), this thing resulted because animal urine infected by leptospira germ will carried by water pond and contaminate house environment. Case occurred in DKI Jakarta are 65 people (2003), 78 people (2004), and 51 people (2005). Leptospirosis problem occurred in DKI Jakarta always occurred in the same area caused by bad environment factor, bad behavior, or individual characteristic influence.
Objective: To find relation between environment factor and individual characteristic toward leptospirosis in Jakarta year 2003-2005.
Design: This study use Case Control design. Data in this research based on secondary data obtained from Part of Diklat RSUD Tarakan Program ? Jakarta and through structured interview using developed questioner. Interview done by enumerator, which has trained to interview case respondent and control respondent. Subject are 190 people, whereas positive leptospirosa respondent as case group and negative leptospirosa respondent as control group, with 1:1 comparison. Independent variable is environment factor (house condition and settlement, house plafond, infector animal (vector), sanitation, food supply, SPAL) and also individual characteristic (age, job, sex, knowledge, behavior, and education). Analysis done by chi-square and double logistic regression.
Result: There is relation between both house condition and settlement (OR=3,956; 95%CI: 1,511-10,358), waste (OR=1,982; 95%CI: 1,111-3,536), social economy (OR=1,928; 95% CI: 1,073-3,462), knowledge (OR=17,625; 95% CI: 6,573-47,257) and education (OR= 2,407; 95% CI: 1,333-4,348).
Conclusion: From research result found that environment factor and individual characteristic related with leptospirosis in Jakarta year 2003-2005. There are four dominant factors that affect leptospirosis, such as education, knowledge, sanitation, and house component and settlement.
Key Word: Environment Factor, Individual Characteristic, Leptospirosis, Case-Control.
Background: Indonesia still face the problem of height of prevalence disease, especially related to environmental condition which still not yet good. One of them is intestine worm infestation which isn't it through by soil or was often referred as “Soil Transmitted Helminths”. Wormy Infestation at child of elementary schoolchild will affect growth, degrading ability of physical, productivity learn and degrade his intelectuality, at the same time this situation will have an effect on to status of gizi energy and accept Iesson. Result of Inspection and Wormy Eradication ( October 2004) at some elementary school conducted by Public Health Services Langkat District in Sub- District of Stabat and Hinai show number at gyration 30-60%. Objective: Objective of this research is to obtain information about prevalence of infestation wormy at child of Elementary School G. Ambat, Sp. Kuta Buluh and N.Ukur Selatan and also know factors any kind of having an effect on to height of prevalence wormy at elementary schoolchild. Method: Method of research is "Observasional Study" that is case control desing, will be compared to case group and control group by the eksposure. Comparison of case group and control is 1: 1 with sampel to the each group counted 100 children of elementary schoolchild. Result: Wormy infestation prevalence of elementary schoolchild in Sub District of Sei Bingai still high (77,64%). Infestation prevalence of each worm type is Ascaris lumbricoides infection 68,46%, Tricuris trichiura 49,3% and hookworm 8.8%. Result of analyse from multivarite logistics regression model that wormy infestation of elementary shoolchild proven closely related to social economics variable, water sanitation, knowledge of mother and behavior of child. Existence of interaction between economics social with knowledge of mother, indicating that situation of economic social as prakondition to the happening of influence of knowledge to wormy infestation. In the situation low economic social, the risk of child who having mother with lower knowledge to wormy infestation equal to 44,6 times;rill compared to child having high knowledge of mother. While in the situation high economic social, the risk of child who having mother with lower knowledge to wormy infestation equal to 0,45 times;rill compared to child having high knowledge of mother. Conclution: Thereby require to be conducted counselling effort for child and mother to improve knowledge and change behavior of mother, and also repair of condition of sanitasi environmental. Key Word: Wormy Infestation, Elementary Schoolchild, Sei Bingai, Langkat, Logistic Regrretion.
Pestisida banyak memberi andil dalam peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dalam bidang kesehatan masyarakat pestisida digunakan untuk mengendalikan vektor penyakit menular sehingga dapat menurunkan prevalensi penyakit seperti: malaria, demam berdarah, pes dan sebagainya. Namun dengan sifatnya sebagai racun biosid, efek pestisida tidak saja berlaku bagi hama yang menjadi target sasarannya, tapi juga memberikan dampak negative terhadap mahluk hidup lainnya termasuk manusia.DKI Jakarta sebagai kota jasa memiliki 97 perusahaan yang bergerak dalam jasa pelayanan pest control dengan pekerjanya memiliki resiko keracunan kronik dengan paparan tinggi, ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pemeriksaan cholinesterase darah teknisi yang menunjukan telah terjadinya keracunan, dan pada tahun 2001 angka prevalensinya mencapai 8,2%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan atas pelindung diri dengan aktifitas cholinesterase pada teknisi perusahaan pest control di DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2002. Ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metoda case control. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah teknisi pada perusahaan pest control yang memiliki aktifitas cholinesterase tidak normal (2,3) dari hasil pemeriksaan pada tahun 2001 sebagai kasus dan teknisi dengan hasil pemeriksaan aktifitas cholinesterase normal sebagai kontrol pada perusahaan yang sama dengan kasus bekerja dengan perbandingan 1:2 (40 kasus dan 80 kontrol). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square dan analisis inultivariate logistic regression.Hasil uji analisis logistik diketahui ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) dengan aktifitas cholinesterase pada teknisi pest control di DKI Jakarta dengan OR 2,995 ( CI 95%: 1,303-6,886) yang berani risiko teknisi dengan aktifitas cholinesterase tidak normal 2,995 kali terjadi pada teknisi yang tidak menggunakan APD lengkap dibanding teknisi dengan cholinesterase normal setelah dikontrol oleh variable lain yaitu perilaku dan makan, minum dan atau merokok selama bekerja.Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan APD mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan aktifitas cholinesterase pada teknisi pest control, dan untuk melakukan penanggulangan dan pencegahan masalah ini yaitu dengan memberikan perhatian dan penekanan pada penggunaan APD yang tidak lengkap, dan melakukan upaya-upaya yang berkaitan diantaranya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran pada teknisi dan melakukan pengawasan terhadap penggunaannya serta melakukan pembinaan bagi perusahaan agar menyediakan APD secara lengkap dan sesuai persyaratan.Daftar bacaan : 53 (1983 - 2002)
The Influence of Ppe Using with Cholinesterase Activity on the Technicians of Pest Control Relation Company in DKI Jakarta, 2002Pesticide gives many roles in community welfare. Within public Health field, pesticide is used to control infected diseases so it can reduce disease infection such as: malaria, DBD, pest, and etc. However, with poisoning property as biosid, pesticide effects acts not only to the plant disease as a target but to other creatures as well including human being.Jakarta as a service city has 97 company which running service of pest control field where the employees has the risk against chronic poisoning with high exposure. It can be seen from cholinesterase blood examination of the technicians which showed the poisoning has occurred. And in the year of 2001, the prevalence reaches 8,2%.The research purpose to find out the influences of PPE using (Personnel Protective Equipment) with cholinesterase activity on technicians of pest control Company in DKI Jakarta , 2002. This is Observational research, with case control method. The respondents are the technicians of pest control company having abnormal cholinesterase activity obtained from examination result in 2001 as the case , while examination result of technicians with normal cholinesterase activity as the control in the same company with comparison of occupational case 1:2 (40 cases and 80 controls). Data analysis used chi square test and regression logistic multivariate analysis.Logistic analysis test showed that there is significant relation between using of PPE with the cholinesterase activity on the technicians of pest control company in DKI Jakarta with OR 2,995 (CI 95%; 1,303 -- 6,886), it means that technicians risk against abnormal cholinesterase activity is 2,995 times occurs to the technicians without using completed PPE compared to technicians with normal cholinesterase, and controlled by another variabeles, that is practice and habitual of eat, drink and smoking usually working.It is concluded that PPE using has significant relation to the cholinesterase activity on the technicians of pest control company. Prevention and protection is conducted by giving attention for the inappropriate PPE , and by applying some related efforts such as increasing knowledge, technicians awareness, and monitoring to the PPE, and developing company as well by serving appropriate PPE.References : 53 (1983-2002)
